Original Article
Akram Kooshki; Roya Akbarzadeh; Fatemeh Ghardashi; Masoumeh Hashemian; Raha Salehabadi; Manidheh Yousefi Moghaddam; Mohsen Hiteh
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 716-723
Abstract
Background& Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the women and, since nutrition is one of the factors in thise disease, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of energy, macro nutrients and antioxidants intake in women on the breast cancer in Sabzevar. Materials ...
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Background& Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the women and, since nutrition is one of the factors in thise disease, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of energy, macro nutrients and antioxidants intake in women on the breast cancer in Sabzevar. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 125woman with breast cancer in Sabzevarin 2011. Census sampling was done in homes by volunteers and referral of suspected women to mammography, ultra sound and radiology clinicand, also, and Sabzevar center of cancer statisticsforexaminationand diagnosis of breast cancer. After writting informed consent by patients, a demographic questionnaire and semi-quantitative frequency of 160 foods wascompleted by the trained interviewers. The obtained nutritional information was analysedusing the Software Nutritioni IV. Descriptive statistics, frequency, one-sample t-test and non-parametric X2 tests were assessed using SPSS 16 software, and PResults: The mean BMI of patients was 22.5±5.7 kg/m2, the average age of women was 50.7 ± 1years, mean of the first menstrual period was 13.2±1.6 years and mean of menopause 46.4±4.7years. Dietary assessment showed mean of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes were 2309±1389.24, 64.26±19.05, 65.84±21.70 and 363.79± 154.72 ,respectively (P<0.05). Also, in this study, energy and macronutrients intakeswere rather than dietary standard values, andantioxidants of vitamin A, E, C and selenium intake were less than dietary standard values in women. Conclusion: The findings showed that energy and macronutrients intakesrather than dietary standard values, and antioxidants intake was less than dietary standard values in women.
Original Article
Mohammad-Mehdi Yaghoti-Khorasani; Sasha sadat Sajjadi; Sepideh Asar
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 724-731
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The first maxillary and mandibular permanent molar teeth are the first teeth that erupt behind primary dentition. So they maybe decayed because of carelessness. Caries of these teeth can extend to the pulphorn and result pulp and periapical diseases. The purpose of this study ...
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Background & Objectives: The first maxillary and mandibular permanent molar teeth are the first teeth that erupt behind primary dentition. So they maybe decayed because of carelessness. Caries of these teeth can extend to the pulphorn and result pulp and periapical diseases. The purpose of this study is to assess the need for first molar root canal therapy in school children of 8 to11years old in Rafsanjan in 2013. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, 450 students of 8-11years (210 girls and 240 boys) were selected in Rafsanjan schools in 2013, using a random cluster sampling method. We examined their maxillary and mandibular first molars with a mirror and an explorer.We used SPSS version 17 and Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests for statistical analysis. P< 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In 57 students (12.66%) there was an indication for endodontic treatment of the first molars. The need for endodontic therapy was significantly related to the subjects' age (p=0<001), fathers' education level (p=0.046), mother's education level (p=0.005) and father's job (p=0.001). Conclusion: Age, gender, parent's eduction level and job are important and influencing factors in necessity of first molar root canal therapy in 8- to 11-year-old school children.
Original Article
Ali Gholami; Javad Borji; Reza Chenarani; Atefeh Bahavar; Esmaeel Zareie
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 732-739
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: Women make up half of the population of every society and their health builds up families' and societies' health. Therefore the higher quality of life of them in families can put a great positive effect on the quality of life of other family members. The objective of this ...
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Backgrounds and Objectives: Women make up half of the population of every society and their health builds up families' and societies' health. Therefore the higher quality of life of them in families can put a great positive effect on the quality of life of other family members. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life in women referred to health centers of Neyshabur. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 387 women referring to health centers of Neyshabur who were chosen randomly in 2012. The data required in this study was gathered through World Health Organization Brief Quality Of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and analytic statistics by means of SPSS software, version 16. Results: The mean age of studied women was 28.72±7.56. According to the result, the mean score of quality of life among women was 13.87±1.69. The lowest and the highest mean scores were observed in physical health dimension (12.8±1.87) and social relationship dimension (14.65±2.82), respectively. According to multivariate linear regression model there was a meaningful relation between overall quality of life with age, family income, spouse education levels, history of chronic disease in family (P< 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, quality of life of studied women are in moderate level and variables such as family income and history of chronic disease in family are the most effective factors on their quality of life. So according to the vital role of women in families, it seems appropriate interventions should be carried out by concerning authorities to improve QoL of them.
Original Article
Mohsen Akhavan Sepahi; Hossein Saghafi; Seyyed Majid Mosavi Movahhed; Mohammadreza Hayeri; Mohammad Ghareh Bagloo; Seyyed Mohammadreza Shokrollahi; Javad Hakimollahi; Zahra Movahhedi; Masoud Hooshmand
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 740-747
Abstract
Background and Objective: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common inherited disease which makes renal cortex and medulla full of cysts and eventually lead to ESRD during middle age and then. This disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant or recessive. ADPKD is common among adults .In this type ...
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Background and Objective: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common inherited disease which makes renal cortex and medulla full of cysts and eventually lead to ESRD during middle age and then. This disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant or recessive. ADPKD is common among adults .In this type of inheritance, mutation occurs in one of three known genes. In almost 85% of patients, mutation occurred in PKD1 gene and 10-15% patients in PKD2 gene. Also the third gene has been identified as PKD3 which causes autosomal dominant family polycystic kidney, but the frequency of families carrying this mutation in this gene is reported very low.
Materials and Methods: Obtaining DNA performed in seven families with polycystic disease of adults and five members of these families. The obtained DNA was amplified using PCR and the continuous microsatellite to pathogenic type 1 and 2 gene were investigated. Microsatellite polymorphism which existed in these patients were selected and the assessment of gene linkage for all members of the household were used.
Results: Among the seven studied families, only the one with autosomal recessive inheritance in their pedigree, for D6S1344 marker was reported informative. In four other families with autosomal dominant inheritance, one of the D16S283, KG8 and D4S423 markers were positive. The remaining two families were not positive for any of the markers.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, five of seven studied families with genetic linkage analysis in terms of used markers were positive. It is suggested that for all kidney donors who have family history of ADPKD, genetic evaluation is done to assess their health. Besides in patients with a positive family history ADPKD, using analyzed continuous microsatellite in terms of mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes can achieve early diagnosis.
Original Article
Javad Ganjloo; Zahra Talebi; Abdolghader Asaroudi; MohammadHasan Rakhshani
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 748-757
Abstract
Background & Objectives: By knowing of minimal knowledge in the diabetics and by attending to the high prevalent of effects and low quality level of life in the diabetic patient, discovering an appropriate educational method is important. The purpose of this study is comparative assessment of effect ...
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Background & Objectives: By knowing of minimal knowledge in the diabetics and by attending to the high prevalent of effects and low quality level of life in the diabetic patient, discovering an appropriate educational method is important. The purpose of this study is comparative assessment of effect of education in the OREM`s self-care model way with current method on the quality of life in diabetic type 2 patients.
Materials & Methods: This study was done on the base of randomized clinical trial method on diabetic type 2 referrals to diabetic clinics of Sabzevar city at the year of 1392. Control group were under the current education of diabet center and the case group was trained by lectures, question and response, group discussion, films and educational notes. One month after ending education, all of research units were assessed using special measure of quality of life in diabetics (ADD QOL 19). Data were analyzed by SPSS software and kai - square, mann-whitney, co-variances and logistics regression exams.
Results: In this study 50.7% (38 person) were women and 49.3 (37 person) were men. After the educational implementation, mean and SD score of QOL in the control and case groups respectively were -1.48 ± 0.719 and 1.815 ± 0.931 in the physical dimension; -1.9 ± 0.643 and 2.22 ± 0.778 in the psycho spiritual dimension; 1.48± 0.719 and 1.85 ±0/931 in social dimension. After the educational implementation, in the co-variances exam meaningful differences were seen between mean scores of QOL of two groups.
Conclusion: Unlike the current method, education plan of OREM`s model extolled the QOL of diabetics. Therefore, this method is recommended for use.
Original Article
Mahdiyeh Afkhami Ardakani; Wrya Parwaei; Mohammad Haghparast
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 758-764
Abstract
Introduction: one of the important points in breast radiotherapy is uniform dose distribution with full coverage of the target volume and protection of critical organs. Size and shape of breast is effective on dose distribution of the target volume and critical organ dose. The aim of this study is to ...
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Introduction: one of the important points in breast radiotherapy is uniform dose distribution with full coverage of the target volume and protection of critical organs. Size and shape of breast is effective on dose distribution of the target volume and critical organ dose. The aim of this study is to evaluate lung and heart doses in tangential fields in two and three-dimensional plans at different sizes of breast.
Method and Materials: In this study, an anatomical phantom layer with lung heterogeneity in both small and large breast sizes was used. Body and cardiac were made of transparent and colored Plexiglas, respectively. Energy 6MV of linear accelerator was utilized for radiation. To obtain the volumes of the heart and lungs that have been received exceeded dose, the histogram dose - volume calculated by the conventional and three dimensional techniques were used. Common treatment method was implemented by means of manual counter and treatment planning software of RT Dose Plan was used for three-dimensional method.
Results: in 3D way, the volumes of the lung and heart receiving dose exceeded than the conventional method which in lungs this was 7% for small breast size and 24% for large breast. Also increased heart volumes for small and large breast size are the 8/25% and 70% respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, although three-dimensional treatment planning is used to coverage the entire target volume, this can lead to increasing receiving dose in critical organs. Besides, larger breasts raise the possibility of higher dose in heart and lungs.
Original Article
Maryam Moradi; Hoda Azizi; Seyyed Ehsan Saffari; Mohsen Koushan
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 765-772
Abstract
Background: Patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis are affected by psychological stresses, besides many physiological changes. Nowadays, complementary medicine is one of the methods to control these stresses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acupressure on anxiety ...
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Background: Patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis are affected by psychological stresses, besides many physiological changes. Nowadays, complementary medicine is one of the methods to control these stresses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acupressure on anxiety in patients with hemodialysis in TorbatHeidarie city. Methods and Materials: This is a randomized clinical trial with control group. 81 patients with hemodialysis were recruited into acupressure at true points group (27 patients), acupressure at false points group (27 patients), and control group (27 patients) using permutation block in NohomDey educational hospital and Dialysis Clinic of TorbatHeidarie city in 2014. Anxiety of patients of all groups was measured using Spielberger anxiety questionnaire before intervention and from the end of first week till the end of fourth week after intervention. The acupressure at true points group received the acupressure on the true points applied two times a week for four weeks. The acupressure at false points group received the acupressure on 2-3cm far from the true points. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis and Friedman tests with SPSS version 16 at 0.05 significance level. Results: The acupressure at true points group and acupressure at false points group had significantly different mean levels of apparent and hidden anxiety at “before intervention” stage and “first to fourth week” (p=0.005, p=0.027). The average level of apparent anxiety of “before intervention” and “first-fourth week” was statistically significantly different at acupressure at false points group, but the hidden anxiety was not different at this scenario. The average level of apparent and hidden anxiety of “before intervention” and “first-fourth week” was not statistically significantly different in control group. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicates that the acupressure therapy at true points is able to reduce apparent and hidden anxiety of patients with hemodialysis.
Original Article
Sodabeh Basak nejad; Maliheh Farahani
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 773-779
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The attitude toward various events in life can effect on mental health. Having a child with special needs is one of the events that change the attitude and function of family. The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between attitude toward the self, the world ...
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Background & Objectives: The attitude toward various events in life can effect on mental health. Having a child with special needs is one of the events that change the attitude and function of family. The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between attitude toward the self, the world and the future and mental health in mothers of children with learning disability. Materials & Methods: The current study was a descriptive–correlation study. In this study 98 mothers who had a child with learning disability enrolled in two state and private schools in Ahvaz during academic year of 2014-2015 and assessed using an available sampling method. The survey data were collected through the general health questionnaire and cognitive triad inventory and then were analysed by statistical methods including Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis and statistical program of SPSS-16 in a 0.05 significant level. Results: The obtained means and standard deviations were 38.36 ± 7.24 for attitude toward the self, 31.29 ± 6.02 for attitude to the world, 37.14 ± 8.38 for attitude toward the future, and 27.07 ± 11.96 for total score of mental health. There was a significant negative relationship between the attitude toward the self, the world and the future with mental health. Conclusion: Stepwise multiple regression analysis illustrated that, among the cognitive attitudes, attitude toward the self can foresee 24 percent of the variance of mental health.
Original Article
Mohammad Bokaeian; Faramarz Dahmardeh; Mohammad Sohrabi; Saeide Saeidi
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 780-787
Abstract
Background: Infectious diseases are an important cause of mortality in the world. Because of resistance of some human pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, use of natural and herbal medicine is increasing to control these factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effects of Ramalina ...
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Background: Infectious diseases are an important cause of mortality in the world. Because of resistance of some human pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, use of natural and herbal medicine is increasing to control these factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effects of Ramalina hyrcana Sipman lichens against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Materials and Methods: The lichen ethanol extract was prepared by using a rotary machine. Nine standard strains of Gram- positive and Gram -negative bacteria were cultured in nutrient broth. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the micro dilution method.
Results: The results of this study showed that the lichen R. hyrcana extract in different concentrations inhibited both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the lichen extract of all concentrations inhibited of Staphylococcus aureus. After S. aureus bacteria inhibition, the minimum inhibitory concentrations are for Hafnia and Acinetobacter (12.5 ppm).
Conclusion: According to the results and other reports in this area, lichen R. hyrcana extract could be introduced as a biological control agent. However, for the use of different lichen extracts for clinical application, the chemical analysis of extracts and clinical research is necessary.
Original Article
Amin Hosseini; Kianoosh Zahrakar; Reza Davarnia; Mohaamad Shakarami; Behnaz Mohammadi
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 788-796
Abstract
Background:Commitment is one of the most important components of a successful marriage that without it, the marital commitment will be superficial, apparent and without direction. In this case, the couples are not able to experience the depth of love and intimacy which create because of loyalty, commitment, ...
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Background:Commitment is one of the most important components of a successful marriage that without it, the marital commitment will be superficial, apparent and without direction. In this case, the couples are not able to experience the depth of love and intimacy which create because of loyalty, commitment, and marriage. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between marital commitments and personality traits. Materials & Methods: This study is a descriptive study of correlation. The study population consisted of all the married staff of welfare agencies in North Khorasan Province in 2013. The sample consisted 155 (67 males and 88 females) persons who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data gathering was conducted by using standard questionnaires of Adams and Jonas Marital Commitment inventory (DCI) (1997) and McCrae & Costa personality Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) (1991). Data analysis was performed by SPSS v.18 software and using Pearson Correlation and linear regression methods. Results: Results showed that personality traits of extroversion, adaptability and responsibility have positive and significant relationship (0.217, 0.534 and 0.529 respectively), and personality trait of neuroticism and openness to experience have negative and significant relationship (-0.49 and -0.59 respectively) with marital commitment. Findings also showed that neuroticism, adaptability, openness to experience, responsibility and extroversion which explained changes of marital commitment by 0.24, 0.28, 0.34, 0.28 and 0.04, respectively, are significant at 0.99 confidences. Conclusions: The findings showed that personality traits of persons are important factors in predicting their marital commitment. According to the findings, it is recommended that the role of personality factors as an affecting factor on the marital relationship can be investigated much more.
Original Article
MohammadEbrahim Minaee; Mojtaba Saadati; Mostafa Najafi; Hossein Hinari
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 797-804
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Nanobiosensors could be used instead of traditional detection methods of Escherichia coli O157:H7. In this paper, a nanobiosensor for detection of rfbE gene of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been studied by immobilization and hybridization single strand DNA (ssDNA) sequences ...
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Background & Objectives: Nanobiosensors could be used instead of traditional detection methods of Escherichia coli O157:H7. In this paper, a nanobiosensor for detection of rfbE gene of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been studied by immobilization and hybridization single strand DNA (ssDNA) sequences on the electrode surface modified with gold nanoparticles.
Materials & Methods: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique was used to study the properties of the sensing modified electrode. The working electrode surface was modified by electrochemical method with gold nanoparticles. The single-stranded DNA sequence using self-assembled monolayer was immobilized on the gold electrode for two hours. A mixed monolayer comprising both mercaptohexanol (MCH) and mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were used as blocking layer. The hybridization DNA/DNA was performed by immersion of the modified gold electrode into ssDNA at a concentration of 1 μM target DNA.
Results: The results showed that the electrode modified with gold nanoparticles after immobilizing ssDNA effectively detected rfbE gene of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by DNA hybridization . The nanobiosiosensor showed suitable selectivity for the detection of target DNA complementary sequence compared with the mismatched oligonucleotides sequence and the noncomplementary oligonucleotides sequence.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained and similar studies, the electrochemical nanobiosensor based on DNA hybridization has advantages such as low cost, simplicity, and miniaturization and can provide a basis for the development of genomic detection tools.
Original Article
Ali Vahidi Sabzevar; Mohsen Koushan; Raziyeh Khosrorad; Yaser Tabarraee; Mohammadreza Shegerf Nakhaee
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 805-814
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Nurses are the individuals who have been exposed to damage caused by improper anxiety. This stress can affect the mental health and nursing performance. So the present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on the anxiety levels of nurses working ...
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Background & Objectives: Nurses are the individuals who have been exposed to damage caused by improper anxiety. This stress can affect the mental health and nursing performance. So the present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on the anxiety levels of nurses working in hospitals of Sabzevar. Materials & Methods: In this randomized trial, 135 nurses working in Sabzevar hospitals were enrolled and then randomly were assigned to intervention and control groups. The samples were completed demographic questionnaire, questionnaire of emotional intelligence (Bar-One), and Spiel-Berger’s Situational and Characteristic anxiety questionnaires. Then the components of emotional intelligence were trained for intervention group. In termination of training questionnaires were completed and analyzed by T-test and non-parametrical tests and pResults: Totally, 80% of samples were female and average age was 32.11±6.68 years. Before intervention the deference between groups was not significant (p<0.05). After intervention a negative relationship was found for emotional intelligence between tow groups. Also the relation between Situational and Characteristic anxiety in studied groups was significant (p<0.003). After intervention the emotional intelligence has a higher score than before intervention and anxiety status showed a lower status than before intervention in intervention group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our results show an inverse significant relation between emotional intelligence score and anxiety status, so that nurses with training of emotional intelligence components have a lower anxiety status.
Original Article
Sepideh Tarbali; Shiva Khezri
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 815-822
Abstract
Background: Depression is the most common psychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The exact cause of the high rate of depression in these patients is unknown, and a combination of neurological factors, including the loss of nerves coverage and psychosocial are involved. The hippocampus ...
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Background: Depression is the most common psychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The exact cause of the high rate of depression in these patients is unknown, and a combination of neurological factors, including the loss of nerves coverage and psychosocial are involved. The hippocampus is extremely vulnerable to neurological diseases and has an important role in mood disorders such as depression. This study aimed to determine the effects of vitamin D3 on improving depression was conducted in an experimental model of MS.
Materials and Methods: For demyelination induction, 2µl lysolecithin was injected streotaxically into the CA1 area of hippocampus in male rat. Animals treated with vitamin D3, received 5μg/kg vitamin D3 for 7, 14 and 21 days post lesion with intraperitoneal injection. The forced swimming test was applied to determine the depression.
Results: Administration of lysolecithin as the inducer of MS disease caused demyelination and depression. In lysolecithin treated animals the immobility time as an indicator of depression in the forced swimming test on 14 day and 21 day post lesion showed a significant increase compared to the control group. While the administration of vitamin D3 for 14 and 21 days caused improvement of depression compared to the group receiving lysolecithin alone.
Conclusion: It seems prescribing of vitamin D3 at dose of 5μg/kg can improve depression in an experimental model of MS. However, evaluation of effects of vitamin D3 on the depression in MS patients, requires much more extensive studies.
Original Article
Khatereh Kamali; Asieh Abbasi Daloii; Ahmad Abdi; Seyyed Javad Ziaolhagh; Alireza Barari
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 823-831
Abstract
Background Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of 8-week aerobic exercise on undercarboxylated osteocalcin and hs-CRP and insulin resistance in overweight women. Materials & Methods: 20 overweight women (weight 73.19 ± 2.28 kg, age 39.38 ± ...
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Background Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of 8-week aerobic exercise on undercarboxylated osteocalcin and hs-CRP and insulin resistance in overweight women. Materials & Methods: 20 overweight women (weight 73.19 ± 2.28 kg, age 39.38 ± 3.66 years old, height 1.61 ± 0.04 cm, and body mass index(BMI) 28.19 ± 4.36 kg/m2) were randomly selected and divided into control and experimental groups. Blood samples from participants were taken 48 hours before pre-test and also after 8 weeks of training. Aerobic exercise was done within 8 weeks – 3 sessions per week with the intensity of 65-70% of reserve heart rate. Data analysis for intragroup and intergroup differences was done using dependent and independent t-test, respectively. A significant difference was observed at pResults: The study yielded that the level of undercarboxylated osteocalcin in experimental group significantly increased (p=0.01) in comparison to that of control group. It was also revealed that, in comparison with control group, the level of hs-CRP (p=0.083) and insulin resistance (p=0.158) in experimental group insignificantly decreased after 8-week training. Conclusions: The eight weeks of regular exercise showed significant increase in undercarboxylated osteocalcin that, with possible impact on beta cells, can be cause improvement in effective factors of resistance insulin such as increased insulin secretion and decreased glucose levels.
Original Article
Gholamreza Godarzi; Kambiz Ahmadi Angali; Javad Salimi; Farrokh Ghaffarizadeh; Farzad Kadkhodaee; Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh; Ameneh Eskandari; Fatemeh Barjasteh Askari
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 832-841
Abstract
Backgrounds: Today, the different consequences of air pollution especially on health effects caused to evaluate, monitor and control air quality as the most important national issues. The aim of this study was to determine the health quality of air in Zabol city based on AQI index and mortality rate ...
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Backgrounds: Today, the different consequences of air pollution especially on health effects caused to evaluate, monitor and control air quality as the most important national issues. The aim of this study was to determine the health quality of air in Zabol city based on AQI index and mortality rate caused by dust.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-cross sectional study. The concentration of air pollutants, including carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, suspended particles were measured by Zabol environmental department using BAM 1020 device in 2011.Air quality index was calculated by interpolation between four concentrations of criteria pollutants. In addition, AirQ2.2.3 computer model was used to determine the mortality rate caused by dust.
Results: The results showed that air qualities in 68 percent of the days were exceeded from standard limit in 2011. According to AQI index, the air qualities in 27% and 6% of days in Zabol city were classified into unhealthy and very unhealthy categories, respectively. PM10 as pollutant was responsible for the pollutant of Zabol city. Furthermore, the number of admission rate in hospitals were 575, respiratory diseases 41 and cardiovascular diseases 227.
Conclusions: A survey on air quality index (AQI) in July, August and September showed that the highest level of PM10 which classified in "very hazardous" (401 <AQI <500) category which was related to a hundred and twenty days winds of Sistan. Although in Zabol city, there are not problems of big cities such as industries and traffic jam, but due to number one in the occurrence and severity of storms in the country and experiencing 107 days in very dangerous condition and regarding to high number of deaths caused by exposure to dust, required special attentions to improve environmental conditions, proper planning and reducing exposure of sensitive groups in dusty days.
Original Article
Mahbobeh Khorsandi; Farzaneh Jahani; Katayon Vakilian; Hajar Sadeghi
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 842-853
Abstract
Background and Objective: One of the main sources for research in Universities is dissertations. Performing research in different majors of medicine results in improvement and better implementing of student dissertation has a special place. Knowing the challenges of conducting GP dissertations and determining ...
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Background and Objective: One of the main sources for research in Universities is dissertations. Performing research in different majors of medicine results in improvement and better implementing of student dissertation has a special place. Knowing the challenges of conducting GP dissertations and determining the administrative process problems can be helpful to modify learning program and improve the quality of education. The purpose of this study is to determine challenges in performing GP dissertation. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was done through content analysis method in 2012, and for data collection, semi-structured and deep interviews were used. Sampling was done in purposive method and continued until data saturation. For analyzing the data, conventional content analysis were used. Results: Twenty students of GP graduates participated in this study. The main categories extracted from data were educational, structural and human sources barriers which were supposed as the GP challenges, and the lack of education, educational strategy, official, economic and performing problems, supervising, lack of motivation and time deficit were considered as subcategories. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that educational, structural and human resources barriers were the most important challenges in GP dissertation process. Regarding the importance of GP dissertations as a part of research in the country, effective strategies such as shortening the process of proposal approval, increasing financial support, performing workshops for methodology and scientific writing for the students and their advisors are suggested for decreasing the problems.
Original Article
Seyyed Kazem Sabbagh; Saeedeh Saeedi; Zahra Dehbashi; Mahta Mazaheri Naeieni
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 854-861
Abstract
Background and aim: Staphylococcus aureus is on of the most infectious agents to humans. In recent years, resistance strain to different antibiotic has been reported. With increasing of bacterial resistance to chemical drugs and effects of plant medicines, herbal medicines have been considered as alternative ...
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Background and aim: Staphylococcus aureus is on of the most infectious agents to humans. In recent years, resistance strain to different antibiotic has been reported. With increasing of bacterial resistance to chemical drugs and effects of plant medicines, herbal medicines have been considered as alternative medicaments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of Black pepper and March against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to commonly used antibiotics.
Materials and Methods: Alcholic plant extraction was done using a rotary apparatus. Twelve, Staphylococcus aureus strains from urine samples was isolated and then purified. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBI) of the plant extracts at six different concentrations was determined broth medium using dilution method. Susceptibility of strains to multiple antibiotics was evaluated using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
Result: The results of this study showed that higher and lower average resistance to tested antibiotic is belonged to Ceftazidime (66/66%) and vancomycin (8/1%) antibiotic, respectively. MIC assay of plant extracts showed that the highest effect of Pepper and March was determined at concentrations of 10 and 5 mg/ml, respectively. Whereas, the lowest MIC effect for Pepper and March was recorded at concentration of 2/5 and 0/62 mg/mL, respectively. The maximum MBC of plant extracts was recorded at concentration of 20 and 10 mg/mL for Pepper and March, respectively.
Conclusion: Although the clinical application of plant extracts and essential oils due to fewer side effects, seems valuable, However, to clinical application of the alcoholic extract of black pepper and march more researches on mode of action of effective compounds of plans on microbial agents have to be done.
Original Article
Mohammad Hossein Esmaeili; Mohammad Sofiabadi; Hashem Haghdost; Ayda Lotfi; Mahshid Najafi
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 862-869
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Although benzodiazepine drugs have notably anxiolytic and amnesic properties, some of β-carbolines, as their inverse agonists, have a stimulating effect on the dopaminergic system and also increase dopamine levels in hippocampus, and could exert anxiogenic and learning-enhancing ...
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Background & Objectives: Although benzodiazepine drugs have notably anxiolytic and amnesic properties, some of β-carbolines, as their inverse agonists, have a stimulating effect on the dopaminergic system and also increase dopamine levels in hippocampus, and could exert anxiogenic and learning-enhancing actions. The goal of present study was to investigate the effects of benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist Norharmane on memory retention of passive avoidance learning in rats.
Materials & Methods: 40 male wistar rats were divided into control, alcohol and norharmane groups. All rates were trained in a passive avoidance task (50Hz, 1mA, for 3sec). Alcohol (0.2ml) or Norharmane (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) were injected immediately after training. Retention test was done 48h later. Memory retention of each animal was measured as latency takes to enter the dark chamber of the task.
results: After-training injection of Norharmane improves memory retention in a dose-dependent manner, So that the time spent in the light chamber area before entering to the dark area and Total time spent in the light chamber in the norharmane groups were more than control group. These times in the norharmane (2 mg/kg) group was significantly higher than control group (p<0.001)
Conclusion: According to the findings, Norharmane, as inverse agonists of benzodiazepine receptors in the low doses, through GABA receptors stimulation, improves memory retention and so may be useful for memory improvement.
Original Article
Somayyeh Akberi; Abdolmotalleb Seyyed Mohammadi; Javad Fardmal; Qorban Asgari
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 870-878
Abstract
Background: Phenol is one of the toxic saline wastewater pollutants that is considered as priority pollutants since it is necessary treatment and reached the phenol concentration to the level of effluent discharge standard before discharge into the environment. In this study the performance of electro-Fenton ...
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Background: Phenol is one of the toxic saline wastewater pollutants that is considered as priority pollutants since it is necessary treatment and reached the phenol concentration to the level of effluent discharge standard before discharge into the environment. In this study the performance of electro-Fenton process in phenolic saline waste water treatment and the removal degree of COD were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study a reactor (1 litre) which was equipped to four iron electrodes and a DC power supply used to remove phenol and COD. The effect of operating parameters such as phenol initial concentration, H2O2 dosage, electrolyte concentration, pH, current density, connection time and type of electrode connection were investigated. Results: The results showed that this process using iron electrodes with parallel monopole connections is able to leave out the phenol from saline waste water by 96% and the removal COD equals 59% in operating conditions: pH= 3, initial phenol concentration=500mg/l, H2O2 concentration = 150 mg/L, Hydrogen peroxide at a current density = 15 mA/cm2at 10 minutes. Conclusion: The results showed that electrochemical processes can be considered as a better suitable substitute rather than other methods due to saline content and high electrical conductivity in saline wastewater.
Original Article
Seyyed Hossein Hosseini; Ahmad Hosseini; Ahmad Allah abadi; Abolfazl Rahmani sani; Zakiyeh Mojarrad
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 879-892
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Despite the great importance of determination of radioactive elements in the environmental samples, most of analytical instruments have not the necessary sensivity for this purpose. Pre-concentration and separation of elements from the sample matrixes is the best and often ...
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Background & Objectives: Despite the great importance of determination of radioactive elements in the environmental samples, most of analytical instruments have not the necessary sensivity for this purpose. Pre-concentration and separation of elements from the sample matrixes is the best and often the only practical method for solving this problem and the purpose of the present research is solidphase extraction of uranium and thorium, using a selective and suitable sorbent, and precise determination of their ultra-trace concentrations in the environmental samples.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, Amberlite XAD-7 resin was impregnated with Clayton yellow and used for pre-concentration and determination of uranium and thorium in the environmental samples and, after investigating the optimum conditions of pH and ionic strength and studding equilibrium aspects of sorption process, determination of uranium and thorium was performed, using arsenazo III procedure, after their pre-concentration by the column method. In the column method, some variables such as sample flow rate, eluent type, eluent concentration, elution rate, eluent volume and tolerable concentration of interference ions were also optimized precisely.
Results: Optimization of pH and ionic strength showed that uranium and thorium can be simultaneously sorbed at pH 5. The equilibrium data obtained from the sorption experiments were adjusted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.9999)better than Freundlich (R2≤0.8979) and Tempkin (R2≤0.9705) models and the calculated maximum sorption capacities in terms of monolayer sorption were 0.609 and 0.571 mmol g-1 for uranium and thorium, respectively. The flow rates in both sorption and elution processes was desirable.The studies showed that, after simultaneous adsorption, the analyte ions can be separated by sequential elution with 0.5% (w/v) Na2CO3 for uranium and 2.0 mol L-1 HCl for thorium. The limits of detection for U(VI) and Th(IV) were as low as 50 and 25ng L-1, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=7) for U(VI) and Th(IV) were 3.1% and 2.9%, respectively. The interference effects of foreign ions on the retention of the analyte ions were ignorable. The method was successfully applied to determination of ultra trace amounts of U(VI) and Th(IV) in different real matrices including industrial wastewater samples and environmental waters.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is proposed that CY/XAD-7is very desirable for pre-concentration and determination of ultra-trace amounts of U(VI) and Th(IV) in the environmental samples.
Original Article
Mansoureh Fathani; Monavvar Afzal Aghaee; Mosareza Tadayyon far
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 893-902
Abstract
Background& Objectives:Heart failure is a chronic and progressive disease, which causes serious challenges for patients and affects on the quality of their life. Education based on self-care needs results in their success on the self-care and positive impact on the quality of their life. This study ...
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Background& Objectives:Heart failure is a chronic and progressive disease, which causes serious challenges for patients and affects on the quality of their life. Education based on self-care needs results in their success on the self-care and positive impact on the quality of their life. This study was conducted to assess the effect of a self-care needs - based educational program on the quality of life in heart failure patients. Materials & Methods: Inthis experimental study, 120 patients with heart failure in Ghaem cardiac hospital of Mashhad in 2014 randomly selected and divided into two groups: control (n= 60) and intervention groups(n= 60).In intervention group training program based on self-care needs was performed, and thedata were collected using the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire at baseline and one month after the intervention, which was completed by both groups. To analyze the obtained data, the software spss (version=16) and statistical tests (Chi-Square, Mann WhitneyU, Independent T-Test,Paired T-Test and Wilcoxon) were used at 95 confidence interval percent. Results:The results showed that there wasn't any statistical significant difference in the mean score of quality of life between the two groups before the intervention. But after the intervention the values of mean and standard deviation of quality of life were obtained 63.62±3.93 and 72.62±3.51, respectively for control and intervention groups, andthere was a significant difference between the two groups, which indicated by statistical test of independent T-Test(p<0/001). Conclusions:Self careneeds-based training can improvethe quality of lifeof patients withheart failure.
Original Article
Simin Namvar Aghdash; Roya Mirzaee
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 902-908
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. It affects, at least, on 0.5–2% of people worldwide. It causes serious physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. Despite a variety of current procedures for treatment of epilepsy, ...
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Background & Objectives: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. It affects, at least, on 0.5–2% of people worldwide. It causes serious physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. Despite a variety of current procedures for treatment of epilepsy, research for discovering new drugs has been continued. Although medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine for treatment of epilepsy, only a few of the medicinal plants have been examined scientifically. The aim of this study was to study the effect of Thymus vulgaris extract in the treatment of seizure.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 48 mice have been chosen randomly and divided into 6 groups, including control group, sham group that received distilled water, and 4 experimental groups that received aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris in doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg for 4 weeks. 30 minutes after gavage with different doses of the extract or distilled water, pentylenetetrazol was injected to experimental and sham groups. Animals immediately transferred to a special cage and the seizure behaviors and parameters were recorded by a camera. Then the different phases of seizure were evaluated.
Results: Data analysis indicated that the aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris had a significant effect on PTZ-induced seizure. The results showed that therapy by this extract increases latency time for onset of seizure and prevents progress of seizure phases.
Conclusion: The attained results showed that Thymus vulgaris extract has anticonvulsant effect on PTZ-induced seizure. Thus, it may be used in seizure treatment.
Original Article
Mehdi Rasafiani; Parvaneh Shamsi Pour dehkordi; Fereshteh Ghorat; Robab Sahhaf
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 909-918
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to the effect of training intervention on physical activity levels on personnel of University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 91 employed of University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences were sampling ...
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Background: The aim of this study was to the effect of training intervention on physical activity levels on personnel of University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 91 employed of University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences were sampling method. Data were collected by using measure pedometer to assess objective physical activity. Start using the pedometer, step duration, the average number of employees sitting in two weeks, to determine baseline physical activity staff and employees who have a benchmark to calculate the minimum amount of physical activity in this research were practice. The program includes 10 weeks of training (five phases) practice walking and recording the number of steps counted by the pedometer. Using an intervention program, during each phase of the stair steps were added each week.
Results: Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that recorded the number of steps in each phase, there are significant differences in the final phase (two late weeks) intervention steps to increase the number of employees was reduced and the time to sit down.
Conclusion: Probably, this study was the first study assessed physical activity in personnel by using pedometer And results showed that use an exercise intervention in the workplace can lead to increased levels of physical activity in staff of workplace.
Original Article
Bagher Seyyed Alipour; Moghaddeseh Fazeli; Salman Ahmadi Asb Chin; Hamid Cheshomi; Leila Saadat Aldaghi
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 919-926
Abstract
Background and objective: Chalcones are belonged to an important group of flavonoids which has proven anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic effects. Assessing cellular Cytotoxicity effect of new synthetic chalcone on HeLa cell line is the aim of present study. Materials and Methods: In this experimental ...
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Background and objective: Chalcones are belonged to an important group of flavonoids which has proven anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic effects. Assessing cellular Cytotoxicity effect of new synthetic chalcone on HeLa cell line is the aim of present study. Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, HeLa cells were treated with various concentrations of chalcone for 72 hours and cell death rates was evaluated by MTT test. Results were analyzed by Student T-Test and morphological changes were assessed by Acridine orange and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: Our results showed that new synthetic chalcone in studied concentrations inhibited tumor cell growth. Highest percent (50.44%) of growth inhibition was seen in 40 µg/ml concentration and after 72 hours IC50 was 40µg/ml. morphological changes of HeLa cells after 24 hours were also strengthened the probability of cellular apoptosis. Conclusion: The results showed that new chalcone has inhibitive effects on HeLa tumor cell line and a probable mechanism of apoptosis can causes cellular death.
Original Article
Aziz Kamran; Gholamreza Sharifi rad; Siamak Mohebi; Heshmatollah Heidari; Sadegh Hazrati
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, Pages 927-936
Abstract
Background: Nutrition is considered as the most important in hypertension control however, little information is available about the nutritional status of hypertensive patients in our country. This study was aimed to determine the predictive power of perceived benefits, barriers, self efficacy and knowledge ...
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Background: Nutrition is considered as the most important in hypertension control however, little information is available about the nutritional status of hypertensive patients in our country. This study was aimed to determine the predictive power of perceived benefits, barriers, self efficacy and knowledge from fat intake and received dietary energy.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 671 rural hypertensive patients with using multistage random sampling method in Ardabil city in 2013. Data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire with interview method. Nutritional data were extracted by Nutritionist 4 software and analyzed the SPSS 18 software using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regressions, ANOVA and independent T-test.
Results: the mean of total fat, saturated fat and energy were 92.1±27.1, 32.3±9.7 and 2539.4±398.9 respectively. Total fat, saturated fat and energy had a negative significant correlation with perceived benefits and self efficacy and a positive significant correlation with perceived barriers. Perceived barriers, benefits, efficacy and knowledge predicted 20.9% of the energy change variations, 32.42% of the changes in saturated fat intake and 25.7 of the change in fat intake.
Conclusions: Dietary perceptions in the framework of perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and knowledge could explain of total fat and saturated fat and energy intake in acceptable range.