Fahimeh saadat Jamali; Mahtab Moazemi; Nahid Bijeh; Homan Kamranian
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 199-205
Abstract
Background and aim: Pain is one of the most common reasons that oblige people to refer to a doctor. With regard to beta-endorphin effect on pain reduction, the aim of this study is investigation of the effect of beta -endorphin serum level on amendment of dysmenorrhea factors after eight weeks aerobic ...
Read More
Background and aim: Pain is one of the most common reasons that oblige people to refer to a doctor. With regard to beta-endorphin effect on pain reduction, the aim of this study is investigation of the effect of beta -endorphin serum level on amendment of dysmenorrhea factors after eight weeks aerobic exercise. Materials and Methods: This is a Clinical Trial. The sample included 22 subjects with moderate to severe dysmenorrhea, which randomly divided to two control group (n=10) and exercise group (n=12). Aerobic exercise program included aerobic activity with severity of 60-75% of maximum heart rate for 24 sessions (three sessions per week, each session lasting 45-60 minutes). Serum level of beta-endorphin was measured before and after the exercise intervention. Dependent and independent student t-test was used to investigate the intragroup and intergroup differences of beta-endorphin. Pearson correlation test was used to estimate the relation of variables of study. Results: Findings of study showed that exercise intervention made a significant increasing on the serum level of beta-endorphin. Also there is a significant negative relationship between serum level of beta-endorphin and intensity and perception of pain. But any significant relation with duration of pain was not observed. Conclusion: In general, it seems that increasing of beta-endorphin levels, which was created following the exercise, can have a role in analgesia and reduction of the indicators of dysmenorrhea pain.
Seyyedeh Akram Hosseini; Mehdi Golafrooz shahri; Hajar Sadeghi; MohammadHasan Rakhshani; Azam Barabadi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 359-367
Abstract
Background: although, Self-esteem can improve mental health, studies indicated that nursing students'Self-esteem level, especially in female is not desirable. Exercise may be influenced on enhancing self-esteem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on ...
Read More
Background: although, Self-esteem can improve mental health, studies indicated that nursing students'Self-esteem level, especially in female is not desirable. Exercise may be influenced on enhancing self-esteem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on self-esteem of female nursing students.
Method: This randomized control trial(single blinded) study was performed on 62 female nursing students at medical sciences university of sabzevar 2014. After selecting participants via convenience method, they were divided randomly into an experimental (n= 32) and a control(n = 30) group. The experimental group did the Pilates exercise twice a week for 2 months while, the control group continued their daily activities. Then, self-esteem level assessed and abtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 18) using descriptive statistics, paired t-test and covariance test.
Result: before intervention, the average score of self-esteem in experimental group was 90/09± (8/20) and in control group was 92/80±)9/22),whereas at the end of intervention these scores for experimental and control groups was observed as observed as 100/34± (7/72) and 94/10±)9/22), respectively which this difference was significant statistically (p=0/002).
Conclusions: in the present study, performance of pilates exercise was effective to improve female nursing students' self-esteem, therefore, there is suggested to use this as an attractive and harmless method for enhancing the students’ self-esteem level.
Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini; Tovhid Jafari Kashki; Masoud Amini; Elham Faghih Imani
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 368-376
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which its subsequent complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, ulcers, disability, and amputation increase the burden of the disease. Patient-knowledge-improving programs are employed to prevent disease progression and to improve the patients’ ...
Read More
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which its subsequent complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, ulcers, disability, and amputation increase the burden of the disease. Patient-knowledge-improving programs are employed to prevent disease progression and to improve the patients’ quality of life. In this way, we need to characterize the groups of patients with urgent need for more and rich in content programs. In the present study, we used Piecewise regression to evaluate the trends in diabetic nephropathy prevalence among patients registered in Sedigheh-Tahereh Research Center and also identify patients needing more attention.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1935 registered patients in the center during 1992-2010.Piecewise regression was fitted using Joinpoint program 3.5.3 to identify change points.
Results: The results showed an upward trend with 2 change points in females (p-value= 0.06). There was 1 change point with an increased trend in recent years in elderly patients, older than 70 years (p-value=0.038).The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was in rise without any change point among patients with academic education. In addition, patients with family history of diabetes showed the decreased trend with 2 change points (p-value= 0.040). Hypertensive patients experienced a fall in the trend up to 1997 and then this reminded stable.
Conclusion: Evaluating of a disease trend and its complications can lead to developing new theory and innovation. However, this is suggested to conduct further studies to exploring other subgroups and discovering the reasons for increased trend of disease in some subgroups.
Fatemeh Zihreh; Siam Nasri; Parisa Karishchi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 377-386
Abstract
Background and purpose: Antioxidants such as Quercetin protect sperm cells from free radical damage. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of Quercetin on spermatogenesis in male rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 50 male rats were used. Quercetin was injected daily ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Antioxidants such as Quercetin protect sperm cells from free radical damage. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of Quercetin on spermatogenesis in male rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 50 male rats were used. Quercetin was injected daily at doses of 5, 10, 15, 20 (mg/kg) for two weeks intraperitoneally. One week after the last injection, blood samples were collected and the left testis of rats were removed and weighed. Epididymal sperm and testicular sections were also studied. Data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA at the significant level of 0.05 in SPSS 19 software.
Results: No significant difference was found in serum level of gonadotropins, but testosterone has increased at dose of 20 mg/kg (6.52±0.50, P=0/0079).Significant difference in testicular weight wasn’t seen. The number of sperm (51.35±1.68, P=0.0251) and also sperm mobility (73.88±5.91, P= 0.0002) in the epididymis especially at dose of 20 mg/kg has increased. No significant difference was found between the groups in the number of spermatogonia cells. But the number of primary spermatocytes (118.25±7.04, P=0.0171), spermatids (106.75±6.28, P=0.0032) and Spermatozoa (101.75±6.30, P= 0.0008) were increased at dose of 20 mg/kg.
Conclusion: No significant change in gonadotropins was seen, which indicates that probably Quercetin has not affected PG axis. Quercetin is believed to improve the quality and quantity of germ cells with its antioxidant effects and increasing of testosterone.
Omid Bahmani; Seyyedeh Al Mohammad; Afshin Bahmani
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 387-396
Abstract
Background: Point and non-point Pollutions (agricultural and urban) are among the major reasons of the decrease of the groundwater quality.The aim of this study was the assessment of nitrate pollution and usage management of irrigation and drinking water in forbidden Hamedan- Bahar plain.
Materials ...
Read More
Background: Point and non-point Pollutions (agricultural and urban) are among the major reasons of the decrease of the groundwater quality.The aim of this study was the assessment of nitrate pollution and usage management of irrigation and drinking water in forbidden Hamedan- Bahar plain.
Materials and Methods: In this study 69 data of Nitrate pollution levels were evaluated with ArcGIS software then the amount of Nitrate pollutionand also the pollution of drinking water were compared with California and EPA standards, respectively, during two periods, before and after the growing season, in 1389.
Results: According to the results, the average of Nitrate during May and September were12.14 and 15.13 mg/litter of nitrogen ions, respectively. The plain area percentage that had the Nitrate concentrations between 5 to 30 mg/litterwere 99.17 and 96.24 during June and September, respectively. Comparing with California standard, the results indicated the moderate contamination of irrigation water. The highest level of DO in September was 17.2 mg/l and in June on the same place was 2.28 mg/l. Also in September the area that located in the range of5 - 10 mg/lhad 4.81 percent of the plain.
Conclusion: The most contaminated section scontainedyekn- Abad village, the suburb of Hamedan and parts of the Central Plains due to excessive use of fertilizer, transfer of sewage and industrial centres. According to California standard the pollution of irrigation water was in the moderate range and according to EPA standard the drinking water was in the hazard range.
Golshan Mahmoodi; Parvaneh Shokrani; Alireza Amo Heidari; Maryam Atared; Ali Hosseinzadeh
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 397-409
Abstract
Back ground and purpose: To treatment of malignant pleural mesoteloma, in the absence of IMRT, photon beam and lung shield was used for treatment and then electron beam was used to treat shielding area. Photon dose distribution is influenced by inhomogeneity media, lateral electronic disequilibrium at ...
Read More
Back ground and purpose: To treatment of malignant pleural mesoteloma, in the absence of IMRT, photon beam and lung shield was used for treatment and then electron beam was used to treat shielding area. Photon dose distribution is influenced by inhomogeneity media, lateral electronic disequilibrium at interfaces, the block in middle of the field and narrow field. This study compares Monte Carlo (MC) with conventional treatment planning system (TPS) calculations for photon beam radiation therapy of malignant pleural mesoteloma (MPM) using lung island shield.
Methods and Materials: Photon dose distribution using lung island shield calculated by three methods: 1) MC 2) TPS 3) Film dosimetry in anthropomorphic phantom. MC commissioned by film dosimetry and TPS dose calculation accuracy investigated by MC simulation.
Results: Accuracy of treatment head simulation and tomographic phantom dose distribution was verified by matching percent depth dose (PDD) and dose profile in water phantom and film dosimetry in anthropomorphic phantom in two fields of with and without lung shield respectively.
Conclusion:Compare to MC, TPS: 1) overestimates pleura dose coverage (90% prescribed dose) 3-12 mm and the dose in under the lung shield region 10-50% and 2) underestimated the dose profile width 1-16 mm in low dose region (< 50% prescribed dose) and the dose in out of field region 6-100%.
Mohammad Fahiminia; Gharib Majidi; Hamidreza Tashee; Shahram Nazari; Behnam Vakili; Hossein Aghababaee; Vahideh Fahiminia; Ebrahim Abbasi; Hasn Izanloo
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 410-418
Abstract
Background: Rural areas of Qom are encountered with problems such as water scarcity, rationing of water in summer and low quality water. The aim of this study was investigation of water consumption pattern, maximum and minimum daily and hourly factors and unaccounted for water in rural areas of Qom and ...
Read More
Background: Rural areas of Qom are encountered with problems such as water scarcity, rationing of water in summer and low quality water. The aim of this study was investigation of water consumption pattern, maximum and minimum daily and hourly factors and unaccounted for water in rural areas of Qom and offering some strategies for optimum management of consumption.
Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive – analytical study. 15 out of 111 rural areas of Qom with certain criteria were selected which were representative of the whole areas. Water consumption pattern was determined in selected rural areas. In order to determine the amount of unaccounted for water and maximum and minimum daily and hourly factors, 3 villages of (Dastgerd, Vrjan and Toghrod) which had safe volumetric flow meters were selected. They were representatives of 15 villages. SPSS 16 software was used for data analysis.
Results: In 15 Rural areas of Qom, average domestically consumption per capita (LPCD), average general uses per capita (LPCD), average industrial and commercial per capita (LPCD) and total consumption per capita (LPCD) were 173, 4.6, 3 and 180.6, respectively. Average minimum and maximum daily factors were equal to 0.72 and 1.23 respectively. Also, average minimum and maximum hourly factors were equal to 0.63 and 2.43, respectively. The average of unaccounted for water per capita was 28.2% (71.6 LPCD).
Conclusion: Average of total consumption per capita (LPCD) and unaccounted for water were high in comparison with the standards of Ministry of Energy. In order to optimize the management of water some strategies are recommended. Strategies such as: training, reduce the water pressure in the network, use of accessories for reducing water consumption, separation of water used in green areas from sanitary uses, identifying, repairing or replacing faulty flow meters, repairing and rehabilitation of water distribution networks and reservoirs and prevention from the creation of illegally connections.
Fatemeh Nemati nikoo; Korosh Godarzvand Chegini; Nematollah Gheibi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 419-426
Abstract
Background and purpose: Calprotectin is a participant factor in innate immune system which, with its subunits, interferes in inflammatory and tumorigenesis processes. This study performed in order to evaluate thermal stability of native and modified recombinant calprotectin subunits in presence of Calcium ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Calprotectin is a participant factor in innate immune system which, with its subunits, interferes in inflammatory and tumorigenesis processes. This study performed in order to evaluate thermal stability of native and modified recombinant calprotectin subunits in presence of Calcium ligand.
Methods and materials: Recombinant subunitsin two native and modified forms, S100A8 & S100A9, were denatured by fluorescence spectroscopy in the temperature range of 20-95˚c after incubation with Calcium. Using Excel program, Gibbs free energy changes and Tm were calculated with fluorescence intensity of native and denatured forms and the stability of different forms of protein was indicated.
Results: The chart of fluorescence intensity against temperature changes in three forms, native, DEP modified and Calcium incubated ones. Also the calculateed Gibbs free energy showed increasing stability of both DEP modified and Calcium incubated protein in comparison with native form.
Conclusion: Stability or instability of protein affects its performance and it can be useful or harmful. According to dual properties of calprotectin and its subunits in cancer process, structure and stability changes of this protein can be affect its performance in cancer process. Therefore, study of calprotectin can be useful for inhibition of cancer by a natural resource.
Zahra Estaji; Bahman Jafari; Mohammadhasn Rakhshani; Maryam Hatami
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 427-435
Abstract
Background & Purpose: Poor sleep quality is common among hemodialysis patients. On the other hand, hemodialysis patients are encountered with carnitine deficiency. L-carnitine is a dietary supplement that has various metabolic functions and decreases the complications during dialysis. The purpose ...
Read More
Background & Purpose: Poor sleep quality is common among hemodialysis patients. On the other hand, hemodialysis patients are encountered with carnitine deficiency. L-carnitine is a dietary supplement that has various metabolic functions and decreases the complications during dialysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral L-carnitine supplementation on sleep quality in hemodialysis patients.
Materials & Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 59 qualified hemodialysis patients were gone under investigation in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Shirvan during 2013. Patients were divided into intervention and control groups by permutation blocking method. Patients in the intervention group received 500 mg of L-carnitine supplement twice a day, and the placebo group was similarly taking placebo for 12 weeks. Tools for data collection consist of demographic form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index which were completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software version 11.5 and using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square, Fisher, Wilcoxon tests, Analysis of Covariance and significance level of P0.05.
Results: Before intervention, the mean PSQI scores were 9.6±4.2 and 10.1±4.13, respectively in the drug group and the placebo group and, after the intervention, the scores were, respectively, 6.4±2/8 and 9/7±3/48 that showed significant differences in both groups, compared to baseline(P0.05). Also, The PSQI score decreased by 33% in the intervention group and by 3/9% in the control group. Based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the lower score demonstrates a better condition of sleep qualiy.
Conclusion: This study showed that oral L-carnitine supplementation can improve sleep quality in hemodialysis patients.
Alimohmmah Naemi; Samaneh Faghihi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 436-447
Abstract
Background: Awareness of status of General health of students and identifying cases that are at risk due to lack of appropriate social support and the signs of vulnerability can help university officials to provide more effective prevention interventions programs to promote mental health of students. ...
Read More
Background: Awareness of status of General health of students and identifying cases that are at risk due to lack of appropriate social support and the signs of vulnerability can help university officials to provide more effective prevention interventions programs to promote mental health of students. This research aimed to study general health of Sabzevar universities students and its relationship with high-risk behaviors.
Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive correlation that was conducted on921 students in the year 2011-2012. Data were collected by a written questionnaire that includes the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Youth Risk-Taking Scale (YRS). Pearson correlation, independent “t-test”, analysis of variance and scheffe were applied to analyze the data through the SPSS.
Results: The results showed that the mean scores of students are in high risk behavior 46/36 ± 15/29 General Health 80/27 ± 8/71. Also there was significant relationship between students' mental health and high-risk behaviors (p
Zahra Emamimoghaddam; Elham Khosh raftar roudi; Eshagh Ildarabadi; Mohammadreza Behnam Vashani
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 444-452
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Today increased life expectancy and lower fertility rates have increased elderly population. Around the world, old age people are faced with several chronic diseases including hypertension which is the most important public health problem in many countries. With ready to ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: Today increased life expectancy and lower fertility rates have increased elderly population. Around the world, old age people are faced with several chronic diseases including hypertension which is the most important public health problem in many countries. With ready to the challenges of the new century, for having better life quality, we study the quality of elderly people life to take the best decisions on basis of the results obtained. The purpose of this study is evaluating the quality of life in elderly patients with hypertension (hypertensive elderly patients).
Materials & Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of life quality in 60 elderly patients with hypertension who referred to health centers in Mashhad and they were eligible for the study in 1393, using a standard questionnaire SF-36 and data analyze with statistical software SPSS 18.
Results: The mean age of the elderly persons was 66.78±4.01. Demographic variables on quality of life and quality of life among elderly men and women found a statistically significant association (p>0.05). The life quality of elderly persons was moderate (50.13±15.5).
Conclusion: Since the quality of life can easily be threatened at this age level, it is significantly important to consider those potential factors that may affect the quality of the life of the elderly. Thus proper planning for increasing the health quality of the elderly is highly advisable.
Mitra Eftekhar Yazdi; Vahideh Moghaddam Hosseini; Nasrin Hashemian nejad
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 444-449
Abstract
The incidence of molar pregnancy and a live fetus is extremely low; however, since it can lead to some sever complications in pregnancy, its correct diagnosis is really vital. Moreover, making decision about termination or continuation of pregnancy is yet controversial. This study presents a dizygotic ...
Read More
The incidence of molar pregnancy and a live fetus is extremely low; however, since it can lead to some sever complications in pregnancy, its correct diagnosis is really vital. Moreover, making decision about termination or continuation of pregnancy is yet controversial. This study presents a dizygotic twin pregnancy with a partial mole and a coexistent fetus which resulted a live neonate with some abnormalities
Alireza Pakghalb; Abas Ali Pour Momeni; Roksana Bazaz Behbahani; Gholamreza Raeessi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 453-460
Abstract
Background: Researches has shown that doing the appropriate defecation exercise with biofeedback is the treatment for dyssynergic defecation, but since in many researches it has been indicated that every treatment such as medication, physical therapy & even surgery has a kind of placebo effect on ...
Read More
Background: Researches has shown that doing the appropriate defecation exercise with biofeedback is the treatment for dyssynergic defecation, but since in many researches it has been indicated that every treatment such as medication, physical therapy & even surgery has a kind of placebo effect on patients; therefore, in this study we made a comparison on the effectiveness of therapies between biofeedback and placebo feedback by measuring recovery level of patients suffering from dyssynergic defecation.
Materials and Methods: In this study we implemented clinical trial method in such a way that from totally 42 patients complaining of constipation, 30 patients were selected on the basis of ROMEIII inclusion criteria and were randomly placed in two groups to receive biofeedback & placebo feedback therapies, so that we could measure and compare the ability to defecate the balloon (volume & time) before and after the treatment.
Results: The signs of dyssynergic defecation were improved in both groups in comparison to their pre-therapy time and an advantage was observed in quantitative variables among the patients who received biofeedback therapy. There were significant and positive changes in the criteria of: defecate balloon time& volume in biofeedback group (p
Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhasani; Tahmineh Barfeh
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 461-471
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Improving quality of service and reducing hospital costs are not possible without excellence evaluation based on scientific management. Since the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is an one of assessment tools, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of public and social ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: Improving quality of service and reducing hospital costs are not possible without excellence evaluation based on scientific management. Since the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is an one of assessment tools, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of public and social security hospitals by using this tool.
Materials & Methods: This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive which conducted in 2011. Firstly, 20 indicators were extracted with BSC Framwork and then they were studied on hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) and Kerman Social Security Organization (KSSO). Three KUMS and KSSO hospitals were perposefully selected. Data was received from the statistical senter of KUMS and treatment deputy of KSSO. Frequency and percentage were used to analyze the data
Results: In KUMS hospitals, bed occupancy rate and average length of stay were 64.45 and 2.83, respectively. Percent of hospital discharge with personal satisfaction was 14.96, and the annual cost and revenue per active bed were 757.30 and 112.9 million Rials, respectively, and also, the number of staff per bed was 2.76. Bed occupancy rate and average length of stay for KSSO hospitals were, respectively, 67.21 and 2.37. Percent of hospital discharge with personal satisfaction was 11.55, and the both of annual cost and revenue per active bed were 764, 192, 764 million Rials and, also, the number of staff per bed was 2.76.
Conclusions: In comparison to KUMS, KSSO hospitals had better performance in process and customer satisfaction area and KUMShospitals had a better performance in the financial and manpower field compared to KSSO. This study also showed that BSC is a useful tool for assessting hospitals performance.
Saeed Sadeghieh Ahari; Zahra Tazakori; Shahram Habib zadeh; Oktay Yahyavi; Vadod Novrozi; Maryam Namadi Vosogh
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 472-480
Abstract
Background: The issue of patients’ rights has become the spotlight of attention over the two past decades. Expectations’ of patients from health centers and respecting their rights are of importance. This study was performed to evaluate respecting patients’ rights and expectations’ of patients ...
Read More
Background: The issue of patients’ rights has become the spotlight of attention over the two past decades. Expectations’ of patients from health centers and respecting their rights are of importance. This study was performed to evaluate respecting patients’ rights and expectations’ of patients in hospitals of medical science university of Ardabil.
This study performed to determine the extent to which patients' rights and expectations’ are respected in hospitals of Ardabil when judged against national patients’ rights charter.
Methods and Materials: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 hospitalized patients in three major hospitals of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2012 (hospitals of Ardebil University of Medical Sciences; Imam Khomeini, Fatemi, and Bu-Ali hospitals). The sample of patients was distributed based on the ratio of the number of beds in each ward to the total number of beds in each hospital. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview at discharge time and analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistics methods, utilizing IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software.
Results: The results of this study have shown that; the overall adherence level to the patients’ rights charter was 50.69% and overall patients’ expectations was 85/5%. Levels of respecting and patients expectations to the factors “Communication with patients”, “Providing information for patients”, “Privacy”, “Access to good healthcare services”, “Free choice of services and the right of refusal”, “Right to have informed consent”, “Access to health education”, “Confidentiality of patients’ information” and “Handling of complaints” were (68.5%, 90%) , (4.5%,74.46%), (56.37%,83%), (54%,88.5%), (19.12%,81.9%), (61.16%,87.6%), (64%,88%), (46.16%,82.6%) and (42.5%,93.2%) respectively. Respecting to the charter have significant differences according to sex and age, also there were significant differences between expectations, education, age and residency of patients (p
Seyyed Mehdi Hosseini; Hekmatollah Hemat Fard; Parvaneh Esfahani; Iman Moradpour
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 481-489
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nowadays a large population in the world use internet. Unfortunately, despite many advantages and its positive changes in communication, Internet is condemned to have dangerous side effects, like Internet addiction that can be the most destructive one. Comparing with average users, ...
Read More
Background and Aim: Nowadays a large population in the world use internet. Unfortunately, despite many advantages and its positive changes in communication, Internet is condemned to have dangerous side effects, like Internet addiction that can be the most destructive one. Comparing with average users, addicted users' public health are in great danger. The aim of this study is to survey the status of Internet addiction among [Payame Noor University] students and its relationship with their mental health.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study assessed 120 students of [Payame Noor University] by means of two questionnaires: the Mental Health Questionnaire (SCL-25) and addiction internet (IAT). The obtained data were analyzed by using statistical Pierson tests, linear Regression and T test and p
Mojtaba Azad Bakht; Parisa Taheri Tanjani; Gholamreza Garmaroudi; Robab Sahhaf; Davood Shojaee
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 490-498
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Self-efficacy is one of the main contributing factors in adoption of healthy behaviors Measure of self-efficacy measurement is important in health planning and interventions. Current study examined the reliability and validity of Selfe rated Abilities for Health Practice ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: Self-efficacy is one of the main contributing factors in adoption of healthy behaviors Measure of self-efficacy measurement is important in health planning and interventions. Current study examined the reliability and validity of Selfe rated Abilities for Health Practice Scale for Health Practice Scale (SRAHPS) in the Iranian elderly.
Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive study - applied that conducted on 310 elderly in Tehran. The applied instrument was SRAHPS questionnaire. Forward-Backward method used for the translation. CVI index and factor analysis were used to assess the content validity and construct validity , respectively. Ten percent of study population selected for test-retest reliability and have been interviewed following two weeks. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was tested by Cronbach's alpha and SPSS-18 software used for data analysis.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 67.1±5.9 years. Content validity Index of the questionnaire and all of its domains were greater than 0.82 . Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a four-factor model explaining 63.89% of the variation. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed fitness of good. Cronbach's alpha for the instrument and its subscale was ranged between 0.73 to 0.84. The ICC for the instrument 0.76 and for its subscale ranged between 0.76 to 0.84.
Conclusion: The present study showed that the SRAHPS questionnaire has acceptable reliability and validity for the assessment of self-efficacy in the Iranian elders.
Hajar Sadeghi; Zahra Talebi; Maryam Jadid Milani; Seyyed Jamal Mirmosavi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 506-515
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Nursing education and attention to the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the promotion is of particular importance. Many factors are involved in the education process that each alone can have an effect on learning the most important is learning environment prevailing ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: Nursing education and attention to the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the promotion is of particular importance. Many factors are involved in the education process that each alone can have an effect on learning the most important is learning environment prevailing and space. The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between clinical environment and clinical self-efficacy from viewpoint of the nursing students.
Materials & Methods: This analytical - correlation was performed on all103 nursing student of third and fourth years at the Sabzevar university. Sampling method was census and three questionnaires: personal information, Dundee ready educational environment measure (DREEM ) and clinical self-efficacy were used. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 18 and descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation and independent T test by 0.05 in significant area.
Results: Mean score of self-efficacy was 50.42±16.19, the most score was for patient assessment subscale (53.59 ± 16.97) and the lowest score was for patient care planning subscale (46.05 ± 20.90). There was not significant relationship between self-efficacy and educational domains. However, there was significant and positive relationship between educational subscales (p< 0.0001).
Conclusion: Although there was no significant relationship between self-efficacy and educational environment, but learning environment plays an important role in the self-motivation of students. Theredore, the authorities in the areas of nursing education, research and nursing management should pay attention to the quality of educational environment and its impact on nursing motivation.
Mona Masoudi; Alireza Davoodian; Mehdi Pajoohesh; Fahimeh Mircholi; Mohammafata Mirsoleimani; Marziyeh Keihanpanah
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 516-522
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Limitation of water resources and probability increase of waters pollution resulted from human activities have leaded intensification of control plans for quality of waters. Excremental pollution of water resources is one of substantial problems which their recognition is ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: Limitation of water resources and probability increase of waters pollution resulted from human activities have leaded intensification of control plans for quality of waters. Excremental pollution of water resources is one of substantial problems which their recognition is of great importance in preventing epidemic digestive microbial diseases.
Materials & Methods: For the purpose of conducting study and determining the quality of waters in wells and springs existing in north-west area of Eghlid, sampling was performed from 10 wells and springs in north-west of Eghlid in July 2013 and March 2014, and the water samples of this region were assessed respecting to existed indexes of coliform.
Results: The results showed that the microbial pollution of springs in July was rather than March. Also, the results indicated that average coliform existing in springs was more than the world standards, and some of the springs did not have appropriate quality, so that 10% of samples had coliform pollution, which were related to Ghormas-Beigi spring, and 10% of samples had non-coliform microbial pollution, which were related to Hosseinak aqueduct.
Conclusion: The reason for further average of coliform in springs, in comparison to the world standards, is the pollution of springs with different types of human and bestial sewages which are resulted from the residency of nomads and farmers in the environment of springs.
Rahim Akrami; Mansoureh Feizabadi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 523-531
Abstract
Background and Objective: Libraries are the main levers of supporting educational programs in any university. A university without a good library cannot be successful in fulfilling its educational and research programs. The current condition of a library should be studied to find out whether it plays ...
Read More
Background and Objective: Libraries are the main levers of supporting educational programs in any university. A university without a good library cannot be successful in fulfilling its educational and research programs. The current condition of a library should be studied to find out whether it plays its part well as one of the main components of the university.
Materials and Methods: In the present research, the condition of the central library of the Medical University in Sabzevar was studied based on four quantitative indices of budget, human resources, collection, building and equipments. The library condition in 2012 was investigated in this study and descriptive statistics (the mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency) was used to obtain the required information.
Findings: The findings showed that the library has observed 71.42 and 38.5 percent of the required standards of human resources and the collection, respectively. On the other hand, the budget index has been reported to be 3.2 times higher than the standard amount (320%). The standard index of building and equipments has been observed up to 51.48 percent.
Conclusion: In general from among the four quantitative standards (budget, human resources, collection, building and equipments), only the budget standard has been completely observed by the central library of the Medical University of Sabzevar and other aspects are far from the standards.
Alireza Shams; Hossein Jorab Bafan; Mohammadreza Darabi; Fatemeh Haj Manochehri; Amir Haji Abbasi Zarrabi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, Pages 532-542
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis, an erosive bone defect, is one of the major problems among adults over fifty which makes high expenses and many body psychotic and also causes lots of social side effects on people. Antioxidants and some minerals especially trace elements like zinc may be useful as treatment ...
Read More
Background: Osteoporosis, an erosive bone defect, is one of the major problems among adults over fifty which makes high expenses and many body psychotic and also causes lots of social side effects on people. Antioxidants and some minerals especially trace elements like zinc may be useful as treatment for osteoporosis. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of co-treatment of vitamin E and zinc on bone healing parameters.
Materials & Methods: 39 female Vistar rats with weight range of 180-200 gram were studied. 7 rats were selected as control group and others were ovariectomized and divided to 3 experimental groups: treated with Vit. E daily 200 IU / kg (n=9), treated with zinc daily 22 mg/ lit(n=8) , treated with Vit. E & Zinc(n=9) and finally 8 rat as sham group. After 1 month levels of Calcitonin, Estrogen, Progesterone, Zinc and Calcium in blood samples were measured and evaluated.
Results: Calcitonin levels in blood serum in groups treated with Zinc and Vit. E & Zinc were significant comparing to sham & control groups. Estrogen and Progesterone levels decreased in all experimental groups comparing to control group and occurred changes were significant but Calcium levels in these groups did not show any difference comparing to control and sham groups. Zinc level in serum of all treated groups was altered significantly comparing to control group, although some increased in sham group but not significant.
Conclusion: Our result showed using new treatment methods like Vit. E with zinc could prevent bone loss as the serum index measured changes in treatment of osteoporosis.