Physical Education
Hossein TaheriChadorneshin; mysam alipour raz; Mohammad Reza Yousefi; Sakineh Mokhtari-Motameni-Shivan
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 441-450
Abstract
Background: Bruce and Cooper tests are used to determine the maximum oxygen consumption. However, the response of the indicators of muscle cell damage (Lactate dehydrogenase, Creatine kinase), cardiac (Creatine kinase-MB), and liver (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase and Alkaline phosphatase) ...
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Background: Bruce and Cooper tests are used to determine the maximum oxygen consumption. However, the response of the indicators of muscle cell damage (Lactate dehydrogenase, Creatine kinase), cardiac (Creatine kinase-MB), and liver (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase and Alkaline phosphatase) have not been compared following Bruce and Cooper tests.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 18 sedentary male students (age: 20.88 ± 2.27 years, body mass index 22.67 ± 1.36 kg/m2), performed Bruce and Cooper protocols in two separate periods (one month interval). Blood sampling was taken before, immediately, 24 and 48 hours after each test. Serum concentrations of dependent variables were determined by commercial kits. Repeated measure and covariance analysis has been used to evaluated statistical difference in inter and intra group at P
Biophysics & Radiotherapy
Mehrdad Yadegari; Amin Bigham-Sadegh; Ali Saberi; Ali Parvizi; Elham Moghtadaiee-Khorasgani
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 483-491
Abstract
Introduction:Tendon rupture is one of the most common problems in livestock and human. Tendon has a special blood flow network that is fed from outside to inside. The most important factor in tendon healing is blood flow which is very slow. Various methods that have been implemented to treat and repair ...
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Introduction:Tendon rupture is one of the most common problems in livestock and human. Tendon has a special blood flow network that is fed from outside to inside. The most important factor in tendon healing is blood flow which is very slow. Various methods that have been implemented to treat and repair these raptures are time-consuming.
Materials and Methods: 10 male New Zealand rabbits with weight 1-2/5 kg were selected and kept for one month. The posterior organs of the rabbits were shaved and anesthetized. Then, under sterile conditions, the SDFT tendon was cut through the skin, the rabbits were divided into two groups of five and the control group and received three groups of samples at a dose of 1μg/kg of Theranekron, and during the days of 3, 10 And 30 ultrasound examinations. After 30 days, the samples were euthanasia for pathological investigations, and the lesion was removed and sent to the lab.
Results: The results of the thirtieth day of ultrasound examination showed a significant improvement in the tendon fibroblasts, similar to the normal area of the damaged region of echogenicity. Histopathologic results show the beneficial effects of Theranekron during this study. Therefore, the number of collagen fibers accumulated in the tissue in the treated group significantly increased.
Conclusion: It was concluded that Theranekron was effective in healing tendons and reducing inflammation.
Mohammad Malakootian; Marzie Javdan; Farnaz Iranmanesh; Kamyar Yaghmaeian
Volume 23, Issue 3 , July and August 2016, , Pages 540-549
Abstract
Background Intake of high concentration of fluoride causes health problems in human. Therefore, finding a way for removing excessive fluoride from water is among the most important tasks in water supply projects. How to remove excess fluoride from water is the objective of this project, and as a case ...
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Background Intake of high concentration of fluoride causes health problems in human. Therefore, finding a way for removing excessive fluoride from water is among the most important tasks in water supply projects. How to remove excess fluoride from water is the objective of this project, and as a case study, it was carried out with the aim of investigating the efficiency of bauxite ore in Tash mine in removing fluoride.Materials & Methods The study was performed in a laboratory scale on a synthetic sample collected from the water of Kuhbonan region in the Environmental Health Research Center of Kerman. The adsorbent was prepared from bauxite of Tash mine in Semnan Province. Bauxite analysis was carried out by X-ray fluorescence and diffraction spectrometry methods. The effects of such parameters such as pH, contact time, the adsorbent amount, and different fluoride concentrations on the removal process were investigated. The experiments were performed on real water sample under optimal conditions. To better understand the adsorption process, kinetics and isotherm of the adsorption were investigated, too. The level of fluoride was determined by SPADNS method. For data analysis, Excel software was used.Results The maximum obtained fluoride removal efficiency was 68.20% in a synthetic sample, at pH=7, contact time of 120 minutes, by using 25 g/L bauxite. This level was obtained 45.84% in the real sample under optimal conditions. Adsorption of fluoride followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.991 and second-order model with a correlation coefficient of 0.985.Conclusion Without preliminary preparation, the bauxite of Tash mine can be used as an inexpensive and effective absorbent for removing fluoride from groundwater with low concentrations of fluoride.
Mehdi Jamali Nik; Kazem Maskani; Mohsen Koushan; MohammadHasan Rakhshani
Volume 22, Issue 4 , September and October 2015, , Pages 708-715
Abstract
Background and purpose: cardiac catheterization is one of the most common diagnostic and therapeutic methods of heart disease, Teaching methods such as group training creates the feeling of comfort and make the patients more relax, as well as it changes their psychological and physiological responses. ...
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Background and purpose: cardiac catheterization is one of the most common diagnostic and therapeutic methods of heart disease, Teaching methods such as group training creates the feeling of comfort and make the patients more relax, as well as it changes their psychological and physiological responses. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of group emotional expressions, on stress level of patients awaiting for cardiac catheterization. Materials and Methods: This interventional study (randomized trial) was carried out on 80 patients undergoing coronary angiography for the first time, in Vasee Hospital of Sabzevar in 2014. The samples were selected according to patients available on random days. In the intervention group, emotional expression method was performed. Data were collected via State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and standard anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Chi-square, Fisher exact and analysis of covariance. (Significant level=0.05) Results: The average age of participants in this study was about 54.11±10.67 years. Among all patients, 39 participants (48.8%) were male and 41 participants (51.2%) were females. In the intervention group, mean score of STAI decreased significantly in comparision to the control group (p‹0.010). Conclusion: Group expression of emotions affect patient’s anxiety undergoing first time coronary angiography. Therefor it's recommended to use this method befor cardiac catheterization performance.
Hossein Samadi; Fateme Sadat Hoseini; Reza Bidaki
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 724-731
Abstract
Background Little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions on Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis response and sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of 6-week mindfulness training on salivary cortisol concentration as a reliable ...
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Background Little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions on Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis response and sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of 6-week mindfulness training on salivary cortisol concentration as a reliable physiological marker of shooter's competition stress and their sport performance.Methods & Materials This study was a quasi-experimental study by pretest-posttest design with a control group. Statistical group comprised all men shooter athletes with an age range of 17-22 years in Yazd Province. To do this test, 16 male elite shooters were randomly allocated into experimental and control groups (8 in each). We used salivary cortisol kit (Germany IBL company model RE 52611 model) to evaluate amount of precompetition stress and special forms to evaluated sport performance. We used the Independent t test to compare performance score and repeated measure of ANOVA for comparison of salivary cortisol concentration in experimental and control group. The results were analyzed with SPSS 20. Results The findings showed significant reduction in salivary cortisol concentration and significant increase in sport performance in experimental group in comparison with the control group after 6 weeks of mindfulness training. Conclusion The results suggest that mindfulness training can be uses as a new and promised method in reduction of shooter's precompetition stress and enhancing their sport performance.
Seyyed Hossein Hosseini; Ahmad Hosseini; Ahmad Allah abadi; Abolfazl Rahmani sani; Zakiyeh Mojarrad
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 879-892
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Despite the great importance of determination of radioactive elements in the environmental samples, most of analytical instruments have not the necessary sensivity for this purpose. Pre-concentration and separation of elements from the sample matrixes is the best and often ...
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Background & Objectives: Despite the great importance of determination of radioactive elements in the environmental samples, most of analytical instruments have not the necessary sensivity for this purpose. Pre-concentration and separation of elements from the sample matrixes is the best and often the only practical method for solving this problem and the purpose of the present research is solidphase extraction of uranium and thorium, using a selective and suitable sorbent, and precise determination of their ultra-trace concentrations in the environmental samples.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, Amberlite XAD-7 resin was impregnated with Clayton yellow and used for pre-concentration and determination of uranium and thorium in the environmental samples and, after investigating the optimum conditions of pH and ionic strength and studding equilibrium aspects of sorption process, determination of uranium and thorium was performed, using arsenazo III procedure, after their pre-concentration by the column method. In the column method, some variables such as sample flow rate, eluent type, eluent concentration, elution rate, eluent volume and tolerable concentration of interference ions were also optimized precisely.
Results: Optimization of pH and ionic strength showed that uranium and thorium can be simultaneously sorbed at pH 5. The equilibrium data obtained from the sorption experiments were adjusted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.9999)better than Freundlich (R2≤0.8979) and Tempkin (R2≤0.9705) models and the calculated maximum sorption capacities in terms of monolayer sorption were 0.609 and 0.571 mmol g-1 for uranium and thorium, respectively. The flow rates in both sorption and elution processes was desirable.The studies showed that, after simultaneous adsorption, the analyte ions can be separated by sequential elution with 0.5% (w/v) Na2CO3 for uranium and 2.0 mol L-1 HCl for thorium. The limits of detection for U(VI) and Th(IV) were as low as 50 and 25ng L-1, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=7) for U(VI) and Th(IV) were 3.1% and 2.9%, respectively. The interference effects of foreign ions on the retention of the analyte ions were ignorable. The method was successfully applied to determination of ultra trace amounts of U(VI) and Th(IV) in different real matrices including industrial wastewater samples and environmental waters.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is proposed that CY/XAD-7is very desirable for pre-concentration and determination of ultra-trace amounts of U(VI) and Th(IV) in the environmental samples.
Marjan Vejdani; Raha Salehabadi; Seyyed Ehsan Saffari; Maryam Barabadi; Marziyeh Vejdani; Zohreh Nejatzadehgan-Eidgahi; Samira Fovji
Volume 22, Issue 6 , January and February 2016, , Pages 1105-1117
Abstract
Background: Elderly patient's length of stay in hospitals is very important and similar research is low. This study was aim to determine the factors affecting on length of stay of hospitalized elderly Vaseie hospital in Sabzevar (2014) using numerical regression models. Materials: This study was a cross-sectional ...
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Background: Elderly patient's length of stay in hospitals is very important and similar research is low. This study was aim to determine the factors affecting on length of stay of hospitalized elderly Vaseie hospital in Sabzevar (2014) using numerical regression models. Materials: This study was a cross-sectional study for modeling of length of stay in elderly patients in Vaseie hospital during second 6 months of 1392 in Sabzevar. 3330 elderly were selected using convenient sampling and the amount of length of stay was considered as the response variable and demographic variables as independent variables. Count regression models were used to analyze the data at a significant level of 0.05 using SAS software (version 9.2). Result: The mean age was 74/2 ± 8/4, 50/3% were male and mean length of stay of elderly patients was 4/8 ± 3/5 days. Also according to the regression model, there was not a statistically significant relationship between length of stay with sex, but relationship between age with length of stay was statistically significant (P= 0/008). So that the number of hospitalization days were increased approximately one day for one-year increase in age. Conclusion: Since the hospitalization stay is a count variable, count regression models introduced in this study are functional and very suitable statistical models and recommend for similar cases.
genetics
Sonia Faridi; Narges Zeinal zadeh
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 259-269
Abstract
Background and objective: Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death among Iranian women. Human RAD51 protein, play a central role in homologous recombination repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and is essential for maintaining genomic stability. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5′-untranslated ...
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Background and objective: Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death among Iranian women. Human RAD51 protein, play a central role in homologous recombination repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and is essential for maintaining genomic stability. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5′-untranslated region of RAD51 gene (RAD51 135G˃C) is reported to modulate breast cancer risk. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of this SNP with breast cancer risk among Iranian Azeri Turkish women.Materials and methods: This case-control study was performed on 127 breast cancer cases and 125 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted and the RAD51 135G > C genotype was determined using a PCR–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) based assay and confirmed by sequencing. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: The frequencies of CC, CG and GG genotypes of RAD51 135G˃C were 1.613%, 20.161% and 78.225% in control group and 2.362%, 24.409% and 73.228% in patients, respectively. The results showed no significant differences among patients and controls groups.Conclusion: The data presented here may suggest that the RAD51 135G > C polymorphism is not associated with breast cancer risk in Iranian Azeri population.
Physical Education
Asra Askari; Amir Rashidlamir; Nahid Bijeh; Majid momeni-moghaddam
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 451-460
Abstract
Background:Neurotrophin-3 is among the biomarkers studied in MS.Regarding the fact that Exercise training has been proposed as an effective non-drug way of treating Multiple Sclerosis(MS),the present study aims at investigatingthe effect of eight weeks’ aquatic exercise and resistance training ...
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Background:Neurotrophin-3 is among the biomarkers studied in MS.Regarding the fact that Exercise training has been proposed as an effective non-drug way of treating Multiple Sclerosis(MS),the present study aims at investigatingthe effect of eight weeks’ aquatic exercise and resistance training programs on the plasmatic levels and gene expression of neurotrophin-3in MS patients.Materials and methods:To the aims of the present study,30women with MS were randomly selected and assigned to three groups:the control group,resistance training group,and aquatic exercise group. Resistance training and aquatic exercise programs were used for 8weeks.After separating plasma and PBMNcells,plasmatic levels and the expression of neurotrophin-3gene were measured via ELISA and real-timePCR,respectively.Inorder to compare the means,plasmatic levels and the gene expression of neurotrophin-3of the three groups were Analyzed by the ANCOVAtest at the significance level of p≤0.05through SPSS18. Results:The results showed a significant increase in plasma levels neurotrophin-3of the three groups (p=0.001).The Scheffe post hoc test was significant in two by two comparisons of the aquatic group and resistance training group with the control group (p=0.001,p=0.001,respectively).However,the difference between the aquatic and resistance groups was not significant(p=0.329).Moreover,there was a significant increase in the gene expression of neurotrophin-3of the three groups(p=0.001).Based on the Scheffe test,the mean differences between the aquatic and resistance groups,and the control group were(p=0.053,p=0.001,respectively).However,non-significant differences in the gene expression of neurotrophin-3were shown between the aquatic group and the resistance group(p=0.08).Conclusion:The findings of the present study indicated that both the resistance training and the aquatic exercise can increase plasmatic levels and the gene expression of neurotrophin-3in MS patients.
Fatemeh Bahrami; Fatemeh Motaharinejad; Saeid Samadi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 732-739
Abstract
Background Nurses, as the frontline hospital staff, have a substantial effect on the patients’ satisfaction; therefore, investigating the effective factors on nurses’ behaviors and attitudes is of great importance. Organizational justice is one of the influencing factors on nurses’ ...
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Background Nurses, as the frontline hospital staff, have a substantial effect on the patients’ satisfaction; therefore, investigating the effective factors on nurses’ behaviors and attitudes is of great importance. Organizational justice is one of the influencing factors on nurses’ behaviors and attitudes; lack of understanding organizational justice can result in unpleasant consequences such as job burnout, counterproductive behavior, and job stress. The objective of the present study was to investigate the intermediate role of job stress and job burnout concerning organizational justice and counterproductive behaviors among the nurses of Sabzevar Medical Centers.Methods & Materials The present research was an applied and descriptive type; a periodical one presented in structural equations format. The study population comprised all nurses of the Sabzevar Educational and Medical Centers in which 100 subjects were randomly selected. For data collection, the instruments of the study included Niehoff and Moorman organizational justice, Phillip L. Ricejob stress, Maslach et al. job burnout, as well as Spector and Fox counterproductive behaviors. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL Software. LISREL was used to analyze confirmatory factor and model test.Results The findings indicated that organizational justice has a negative and significant effect on job burnout (-0.57), job stress (-0.43) and counterproductive behavior (-0.35). Besides, job burnout (0.39) and job stress (0.36) have positive and significant effect on counterproductive behaviors.Conclusion In addition to directly influencing the counterproductive behaviors, organizational justice indirectly influences them via job burnout and job stress. Accordingly, job burnout and job stress variables can be considered as the intermediate variables between organizational justice and counterproductive behaviors.
Mansoureh Fathani; Monavvar Afzal Aghaee; Mosareza Tadayyon far
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 893-902
Abstract
Background& Objectives:Heart failure is a chronic and progressive disease, which causes serious challenges for patients and affects on the quality of their life. Education based on self-care needs results in their success on the self-care and positive impact on the quality of their life. This study ...
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Background& Objectives:Heart failure is a chronic and progressive disease, which causes serious challenges for patients and affects on the quality of their life. Education based on self-care needs results in their success on the self-care and positive impact on the quality of their life. This study was conducted to assess the effect of a self-care needs - based educational program on the quality of life in heart failure patients. Materials & Methods: Inthis experimental study, 120 patients with heart failure in Ghaem cardiac hospital of Mashhad in 2014 randomly selected and divided into two groups: control (n= 60) and intervention groups(n= 60).In intervention group training program based on self-care needs was performed, and thedata were collected using the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire at baseline and one month after the intervention, which was completed by both groups. To analyze the obtained data, the software spss (version=16) and statistical tests (Chi-Square, Mann WhitneyU, Independent T-Test,Paired T-Test and Wilcoxon) were used at 95 confidence interval percent. Results:The results showed that there wasn't any statistical significant difference in the mean score of quality of life between the two groups before the intervention. But after the intervention the values of mean and standard deviation of quality of life were obtained 63.62±3.93 and 72.62±3.51, respectively for control and intervention groups, andthere was a significant difference between the two groups, which indicated by statistical test of independent T-Test(p<0/001). Conclusions:Self careneeds-based training can improvethe quality of lifeof patients withheart failure.
Simin Namvar Aghdash; Roya Mirzaee
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 902-908
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. It affects, at least, on 0.5–2% of people worldwide. It causes serious physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. Despite a variety of current procedures for treatment of epilepsy, ...
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Background & Objectives: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. It affects, at least, on 0.5–2% of people worldwide. It causes serious physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. Despite a variety of current procedures for treatment of epilepsy, research for discovering new drugs has been continued. Although medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine for treatment of epilepsy, only a few of the medicinal plants have been examined scientifically. The aim of this study was to study the effect of Thymus vulgaris extract in the treatment of seizure.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 48 mice have been chosen randomly and divided into 6 groups, including control group, sham group that received distilled water, and 4 experimental groups that received aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris in doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg for 4 weeks. 30 minutes after gavage with different doses of the extract or distilled water, pentylenetetrazol was injected to experimental and sham groups. Animals immediately transferred to a special cage and the seizure behaviors and parameters were recorded by a camera. Then the different phases of seizure were evaluated.
Results: Data analysis indicated that the aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris had a significant effect on PTZ-induced seizure. The results showed that therapy by this extract increases latency time for onset of seizure and prevents progress of seizure phases.
Conclusion: The attained results showed that Thymus vulgaris extract has anticonvulsant effect on PTZ-induced seizure. Thus, it may be used in seizure treatment.
Mehdi Rasafiani; Parvaneh Shamsi Pour dehkordi; Fereshteh Ghorat; Robab Sahhaf
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 909-918
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to the effect of training intervention on physical activity levels on personnel of University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 91 employed of University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences were sampling ...
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Background: The aim of this study was to the effect of training intervention on physical activity levels on personnel of University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 91 employed of University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences were sampling method. Data were collected by using measure pedometer to assess objective physical activity. Start using the pedometer, step duration, the average number of employees sitting in two weeks, to determine baseline physical activity staff and employees who have a benchmark to calculate the minimum amount of physical activity in this research were practice. The program includes 10 weeks of training (five phases) practice walking and recording the number of steps counted by the pedometer. Using an intervention program, during each phase of the stair steps were added each week.
Results: Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that recorded the number of steps in each phase, there are significant differences in the final phase (two late weeks) intervention steps to increase the number of employees was reduced and the time to sit down.
Conclusion: Probably, this study was the first study assessed physical activity in personnel by using pedometer And results showed that use an exercise intervention in the workplace can lead to increased levels of physical activity in staff of workplace.
Bagher Seyyed Alipour; Moghaddeseh Fazeli; Salman Ahmadi Asb Chin; Hamid Cheshomi; Leila Saadat Aldaghi
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 919-926
Abstract
Background and objective: Chalcones are belonged to an important group of flavonoids which has proven anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic effects. Assessing cellular Cytotoxicity effect of new synthetic chalcone on HeLa cell line is the aim of present study. Materials and Methods: In this experimental ...
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Background and objective: Chalcones are belonged to an important group of flavonoids which has proven anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic effects. Assessing cellular Cytotoxicity effect of new synthetic chalcone on HeLa cell line is the aim of present study. Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, HeLa cells were treated with various concentrations of chalcone for 72 hours and cell death rates was evaluated by MTT test. Results were analyzed by Student T-Test and morphological changes were assessed by Acridine orange and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: Our results showed that new synthetic chalcone in studied concentrations inhibited tumor cell growth. Highest percent (50.44%) of growth inhibition was seen in 40 µg/ml concentration and after 72 hours IC50 was 40µg/ml. morphological changes of HeLa cells after 24 hours were also strengthened the probability of cellular apoptosis. Conclusion: The results showed that new chalcone has inhibitive effects on HeLa tumor cell line and a probable mechanism of apoptosis can causes cellular death.
Aziz Kamran; Gholamreza Sharifi rad; Siamak Mohebi; Heshmatollah Heidari; Sadegh Hazrati
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 927-936
Abstract
Background: Nutrition is considered as the most important in hypertension control however, little information is available about the nutritional status of hypertensive patients in our country. This study was aimed to determine the predictive power of perceived benefits, barriers, self efficacy and knowledge ...
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Background: Nutrition is considered as the most important in hypertension control however, little information is available about the nutritional status of hypertensive patients in our country. This study was aimed to determine the predictive power of perceived benefits, barriers, self efficacy and knowledge from fat intake and received dietary energy.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 671 rural hypertensive patients with using multistage random sampling method in Ardabil city in 2013. Data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire with interview method. Nutritional data were extracted by Nutritionist 4 software and analyzed the SPSS 18 software using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regressions, ANOVA and independent T-test.
Results: the mean of total fat, saturated fat and energy were 92.1±27.1, 32.3±9.7 and 2539.4±398.9 respectively. Total fat, saturated fat and energy had a negative significant correlation with perceived benefits and self efficacy and a positive significant correlation with perceived barriers. Perceived barriers, benefits, efficacy and knowledge predicted 20.9% of the energy change variations, 32.42% of the changes in saturated fat intake and 25.7 of the change in fat intake.
Conclusions: Dietary perceptions in the framework of perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and knowledge could explain of total fat and saturated fat and energy intake in acceptable range.
Educational
Reza dihim; younos vakil alroaia
Abstract
Introduction: By increasing competition and expanding the development of human resources development strategies, the Ministry of Cooperation, Labour, and Social Welfare experts are working to maintain talented employees and raise entrepreneurial spirit among their employees to achieve the best performance ...
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Introduction: By increasing competition and expanding the development of human resources development strategies, the Ministry of Cooperation, Labour, and Social Welfare experts are working to maintain talented employees and raise entrepreneurial spirit among their employees to achieve the best performance in the implementation of justice as one of the basic human needs. This study aimed to investigate the strategic role of the seven organizational justice aspects in enhancing entrepreneurial expertise.Materials and Methods: The method of implementing the present study is a descriptive - survey using a questionnaire. The research population consists of managers and experts of the ministry of cooperation, work, and social welfare as a number of 600. In this study, the sample size of managers and experts was measured by the Cochran formula and the number of 234 people were selected. Reliability and validity of tools were investigated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis, which had the reliability and validity required for instruments.Results: Findings showed that the procedural, interactive, distributive, informational, linguistic, emotional, and observational dimensions of organizational justice enjoy a significant effect on promoting entrepreneurial skills (technical, managerial, innovative, and personal maturity) of human resources.Conclusion: The results suggest that entrepreneurship education is increasingly important in shaping society in emerging economies by empowering people to advance in their careers and lives.
Physical Education
fatemhe parsifar; Majid Vahidian-Rezazadeh; Mohsen Saravani; Hossien Nakhaie
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, which is a fatal neurological disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training and Ginkgo biloba supplementation on the neurotrophic factor derived (BDNF) level from the hippocampus ...
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Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, which is a fatal neurological disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training and Ginkgo biloba supplementation on the neurotrophic factor derived (BDNF) level from the hippocampus brain in the Alzheimer's experimental model.
Materials and Methods: This research was of laboratory type. 50 male Wistar rats weighing 250±20 grams were prepared and divided into seven groups including healthy control, Alzheimer's control, intermittent endurance exercise, Ginkgobiloba supplement, Ginkgobiloba supplement+exercise, shock Surgery, and placebo. To induce Alzheimer's disease in the patient groups, amyloid-beta solution was injected into both sides of the ventricles of the rats' brains. For eight weeks, the exercise groups ran on a treadmill 5 days a week, and the supplemented groups received Ginkgo biloba solution. 24 hours after the last exercise session, the hippocampus tissue was extracted and the BDNF protein level was measured using ELISA method.SPSS software version 22 was used to analyze the data at a significant level (P<0.05).
Results: In the comparison between the groups, the level of BDNF factor was higher in the training+supplement group than in the healthy control, Alzheimer's control, surgical shock, and placebo groups, no increase was observed in the training and supplement alone groups, and the level of the factor was also decreased in the surgical shock and placebo groups.
Conclusion: Intermittent endurance exercise and Ginkgo Biloba supplement consumption at the same time can be an effective treatment to increase the level of BDNF to slow down the process of Alzheimer's disease.
Health and environment
mostafa baghani; Abolfazl Rahmani Sani
Abstract
Introduction: Population growth causes the need to produce more agricultural products. And the lack of water causes people to use unconventional waters, including treated sewage. Improper quality of wastewater can be harmful to the soil, plants and the health of consumers. Therefore, it is necessary ...
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Introduction: Population growth causes the need to produce more agricultural products. And the lack of water causes people to use unconventional waters, including treated sewage. Improper quality of wastewater can be harmful to the soil, plants and the health of consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and check their quality.Materials and Methods: In this study, the factors of EC, BOD, COD, TSS, TN, TP, PH, Ecoli, TC, CL,Ca, Mg, Na, SAR in effluent treatment plants, Sabzevar stabilization pond, activated sludge (Factory sanitary wastewater) and rural Wetland with Tested by standard methods. (according to 2017 version of the book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater) and compared with Wilcox, Ayers and Westcot, FAO, WHO, USEPA standards.To determine the competence of three different types of effluent for agricultural use.Results: In accordence with the standards of Iran, Wilcox, Ayers and Westcot, FAO and WHO, all three types of effluent can be used for irrigation with low to moderate negative impacts. However, in the more stringent standards (USEPA), stabilization pond and Wetland did not meet the BOD, TSS factors threshold, and the activated sludge effluent did not provide the BOD factor.Conclusion: According to the results, the activated sludge treatment system meets the standards of wastewater consumption in agriculture better than the other two systems. Over time, the standards will become stricter. Choosing the type and correct operation of the treatment system has a significant impact on providing the quality standards of effluent for irrigation.
immunology & Biochemistry
Mohammad Shafi Mojadadi; Nastaran Zakeralhosseini; Azam Khosrogerdi; Mostafa Roshanzadeh; Ali Taj
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus epidemic has caused a lot of confusion and tension in the health, economic, and political systems of the world, and its impact on society has led the governments' policy to support the production of drugs and related vaccines, Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate ...
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Introduction: The coronavirus epidemic has caused a lot of confusion and tension in the health, economic, and political systems of the world, and its impact on society has led the governments' policy to support the production of drugs and related vaccines, Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the findings of vaccination of people infected with covid-19 hospitalized in Vasei Sabzevar Hospital in 2022.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the year 2022 at Sabzevar city. 3686 people were included in the study by available sampling method. Information was extracted from Sib system using a demographics questionnaire and checklist and analyzed with SPSS 26 software.
Results: The results showed that %64.7 people had not been vaccinated. The number of hospitalized unvaccinated people was about 1.8 times the number of vaccinated people. There was no significant difference between the number of hospitalized men and women according to the vaccination status (P=.38), although there was a significant difference in the age of people (P=.001). The frequency of diabetes was higher in the vaccinated population. There was no significant difference between the number of hospitalized men and women in terms of the number of doses received (p=0.23). Also, the mortality rate in non-vaccinated people was significantly higher and this difference was significant (P=0.017).
Conclusion: Vaccination reduces mortality and hospitalization rates, so encouraging this and proper planning to prepare vaccines in similar critical situations is recommended.
Aging
Nastaran Asgari; hasan khalaji; jalil moradi
Abstract
Introduction: Aging is a very sensitive period of human life and paying attention to the needs and issues of this stage is a universal necessity. Therefore, the purpose of this research was the effect of individual and team sports on the working memory and attention of the elderly.
Materials and Methods: ...
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Introduction: Aging is a very sensitive period of human life and paying attention to the needs and issues of this stage is a universal necessity. Therefore, the purpose of this research was the effect of individual and team sports on the working memory and attention of the elderly.
Materials and Methods: The current research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of this research was the elderly of Arak city, among them 102 elderly with an age range of 60 to 70 years were purposefully selected and participated in this study. They were divided into three groups of elderly active in individual sports, elderly active in team sports, and inactive elderly. N-back test and continuous performance test (CPT) were used to measure working memory and attention respectively. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS-26 software.
Results: The results showed that in the working memory and attention, individual and team sports had better performance than the non-exercise group (P≤0.05), but no significant difference was observed between individual and team sports (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: Team and individual sports improve the working memory and attention of the elderly. Therefore, it can be suggested that to improve the health of the elderly, exercise in a team or individually should be included in their weekly schedule.
Psychology
Zahra karimian; Seyed Abbas Haghayegh; Seyed Mohammad Hassan Emami-Najafi-Dehkordi; Mostafa Raisi
Abstract
Introduction: Using new psychological approaches along with biological treatments is an effective measure to reduce secondary mental symptoms caused by biological diseases. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of extra diagnostic treatment and treatment based on acceptance ...
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Introduction: Using new psychological approaches along with biological treatments is an effective measure to reduce secondary mental symptoms caused by biological diseases. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of extra diagnostic treatment and treatment based on acceptance and commitment to the quality of life of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.Materials and Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with irritable bowel syndrome who were referred to Hakim Poursina Center in Isfahan in 2018-2019, out of which 45 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 people). and the quality-of-life questionnaire of Patrick et al (1998) was used. For of the experimental groups, meta-diagnostic treatment packages and treatment based on acceptance and commitment were provided in eight 90-minute sessions. The data were analyzed by univariate covariance analysis using SPSS19 software.Results: Both trans-diagnostic interventions and acceptance and commitment were effective in improving the quality of life of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (p<0.05), while the examination of the difference in means in the follow-up test indicated higher effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment on quality of life.Conclusion: With the effectiveness of both approaches used, the conclusion shows that doctors and the treatment team can prevent the severity of secondary symptoms caused by chronic diseases by using psychological treatment approaches along with biological treatments and thereby facilitate the treatment process.
Microbiology
Kimia Saremi; Zahra Dehghani; Mahmood Vakili; Maryam Sadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent infectious conditions affecting individuals in their youth and middle age. The increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and the growing resistance to these drugs emphasize the necessity of understanding bacterial resistance patterns in the ...
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Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent infectious conditions affecting individuals in their youth and middle age. The increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and the growing resistance to these drugs emphasize the necessity of understanding bacterial resistance patterns in the context of treatment. This study aimed to identify the resistance patterns of bacteria causing UTIs in patients attending two medical diagnostic and treatment centers in Yazd, Iran.Materials and Methods: Conducted for one year (2018), this descriptive-cross-sectional study involved analyzing 3563 samples of UTI agents collected from the microbiology department of the Central Diagnostic Laboratory and Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd. Identification of isolated bacteria utilized phenotypic methods, and antibiotic resistance assessments were performed using the disk diffusion method.Results: Among 3563 positive isolates, 80.4% originated from outpatients, while 19.6% were from inpatients. The most prevalent bacteria causing UTIs in both centers were Escherichia coli (57.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.1%), Streptococcus agalactiae (7%), and Acinetobacter (0.2%). Escherichia coli isolates exhibited the highest antibiotic resistance, particularly against amoxicillin-clavulanate (62.9%) and nalidixic acid (61.9%). In hospitalized patients, resistance to ampicillin (86%) and cotrimoxazole (72%) was notable, with over half of these isolates displaying ESBL positivity.Conclusion: Given the varying distribution of antibiotic resistance among UTI-causing isolates in both inpatient and outpatient settings, understanding antibiotic resistance patterns in diagnostic-treatment centers across diverse geographical areas is imperative.
genetics
SAEED PIRMORADI
Abstract
Introduction: Autism is a set of environmental and genetic disorders in the nervous system that result in defects in social behaviors, social communication, stereotyped behaviors and difficulty in motor skills and inability to plan motor. These factors are the severity of the disease and how affect its ...
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Introduction: Autism is a set of environmental and genetic disorders in the nervous system that result in defects in social behaviors, social communication, stereotyped behaviors and difficulty in motor skills and inability to plan motor. These factors are the severity of the disease and how affect its response to treatment.Materials and Methods: In this study, we sought to identify a common list of different genes expressed (DEG) using a meta-analysis method by bioinformatics tools. Three microwave studies were identified, including 109 samples, of which 90 were sick and 19 were healthy. These studies were analyzed by software and meta-analysis was performed on them.Results: After isolation of genes with different expression with the help of statistical analysis by R software, genes (EIF1AY, EIF2S3, IL32, ARPC4-TTLL3, LILRA5, EIF5A, XIST, RARA, TXLNG,) were obtained and then by examining their gene ontology from the final results were obtained through the enrichr database and the association of their interaction pathways with pathways and interaction networks with other genes involved in autism.Conclusion: By identifying genes with different expression in different studies that had a significant decrease or increase in expression and examining them in biological, molecular and cellular pathways in general, it was found that this set of genes can be used in autism and some pathways in the functional process. This disease has a role, so it is possible to provide desirable treatment strategies to control them by examining the targets of their effects and products.
immunology & Biochemistry
mahsa saeedpour; mohamad fazilati; zolfaghar lotfi
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus, has emerged as one of the most pressing healthcare challenges of this century. The role of laboratory data in diagnosing severe forms of COVID-19 remains inconclusive. This research aimed to find ways to quickly prevent COVID-19.Materials ...
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus, has emerged as one of the most pressing healthcare challenges of this century. The role of laboratory data in diagnosing severe forms of COVID-19 remains inconclusive. This research aimed to find ways to quickly prevent COVID-19.Materials and Methods: This research involved 43 COVID-19 patients monitored from March 2022 to May 2022 at the Mehregan Private Center in Khuzestan Province. Hematological and biochemical tests of the patients were performed. Measurements of D-dimer and Interleukin-6 were performed using the Biotek ELX 800TS analyzer, while fibrinogen levels were determined through the Clauss coagulation method. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22 and GraphPad Prism version 9.Results: There is a significant difference in the levels of interleukin 6, D-Dimer, and fibrinogen, which was equal to 0.0001 (P<0.05). Threshold level and area under the receptor operating characteristic curve (ROC) interleukin-6 was 20.06 pg/ml and 0.837, D-dimer 952.5 ng/ml and 0.929, and fibrinogen was 206.5 mg/dL and 0.768, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of predicting the severity of COVID-19 interleukin 6 were 67.44% and 100%, D-dimer 60.47% and 97.67%, and fibrinogen 53.49 % and 95.35%, respectively. Interleukin-6 and D-dimer had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID-19, but for fibrinogen, this level was not as obvious as the other two factors.Conclusion: D-dimer and interleukin-6 had more pronounced effects on the severity of this disease, while fibrinogen had a lower impact.
Educational
asiyeh namazi; Marzieh Masjoudi
Abstract
Introduction: The covid-19 pandemic caused many changes in the educational methods of the country's universities, and many educational institutions created and launched virtual classes or developed their traditional systems. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the satisfaction of ...
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Introduction: The covid-19 pandemic caused many changes in the educational methods of the country's universities, and many educational institutions created and launched virtual classes or developed their traditional systems. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the satisfaction of virtual education and its relationship with academic enthusiasm in the students of the Azad University of Rasht during this pandemic.Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which 425 students were in two medical and non-medical sciences groups by stratified random sampling and completed a self-report questionnaire on satisfaction with virtual education and Fredericks' academic enthusiasm. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, an independent t-test, one-way variance, and Pearson's correlation.Results: The average score obtained from the satisfaction scale was 78.70±22.89 and academic enthusiasm was 51.12±11.58. The least satisfaction was found in the medical sciences group and also their academic enthusiasm was reported to be lower than others. The level of satisfaction with the virtual education method was higher among non-native and graduate students than among other students. Also, a statistically significant correlation was observed between the satisfaction score and the academic enthusiasm of students (p=0.004).Conclusion: Considering the importance of academic enthusiasm, especially in the fields of medical sciences, which work by saving people's lives, there is a need to empower and train the skills of using virtual education to increase the satisfaction and proper communication between professors and students to improve the situation of creating caused by the epidemic.