Physical Education
sajad karimi por; mahmood Fazel Bakhsheshi; shila Nayebi far
Volume 27, Issue 5 , November and December 2020, , Pages 700-707
Abstract
Introduction: Research has shown that various exercises may have different effects on serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, there is little information on the interactive effect of intense interval exercises through the effect on weight, body mass index, and waist to hip ...
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Introduction: Research has shown that various exercises may have different effects on serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, there is little information on the interactive effect of intense interval exercises through the effect on weight, body mass index, and waist to hip on BDNF. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training on serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and body composition of inactive male students. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 16 non-athlete male students from Sistan and Baluchestan University were divided into two groups of 8 as control and training through simple randomization. The training group, performed 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training, in a 20-meter shuttle run for 30 seconds with a 90 percent maximum heart rate and 30 seconds active rest between each repetition was performed. The control group did not perform activity. BDNF values were measured 24 hours before and 48 hours after the first and last training sessions of exercise using ELISA method by commercial kits. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and t-paired test at p≤0.05level. Results: In the present study, the findings showed that after 6 weeks, weight (p = 0.008) and body mass index (p = 0.005), decreased in high-intensity interval training group compared to control one, which was consistent with a significant increase in serum levels of BDNF (p = 0.031). While, none of the variables significantly changed in control group (p >0.05), in addition, there was a significant increase in serum contents of BDNFin HIIT group compared to control (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Regarding the parameters of study, it can be concluded that high-intensity interval training improve BDNF through reduction in weight and BMI in inactive male students.
Physical Education
Ladan Hosseini Abrishami; Seyed Mahmud Hejazi; Amir Rashid Lamir
Volume 27, Issue 5 , November and December 2020, , Pages 710-718
Abstract
Introduction: Adhesive molecules are cellular markers that identify the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation in the endothelial wall of arteries. The aim was evaluation of changes in E-selectin and P-selectin in men with heart failure after eight weeks of continuous and intermittent aerobic exercise.
Materials ...
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Introduction: Adhesive molecules are cellular markers that identify the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation in the endothelial wall of arteries. The aim was evaluation of changes in E-selectin and P-selectin in men with heart failure after eight weeks of continuous and intermittent aerobic exercise.
Materials and Methods: 42 men with heart failure were selected by sampling method as volunteers and were divided into three equal groups (14 subjects) continuous aerobic, intermittent aerobic exercises and control groups. Continuous training (45-70% of Maximum Heart Rate) and intermittent training (45-80% of MHR with 5-10 minutes rest between each period) were done for 8 weeks (three days a week). Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects before and after eight weeks of aerobic exercise and adhesion molecules were measured by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA at significance levels of P<0.05.
Results: Comparison of the groups with covariance analysis showed that the levels of E-selectin (P=0.002) and P-selectin (P=0.022) levels was significant in all three groups. The Bonferroni test showed, There was a significant difference between the intermittent and control (P=0.005) and between continuous and control groups (P=0.006) at the level of Eselectin and the intermittent aerobic and control groups (P=0.032) at Pselectin level, However, there was no significant change despite a decrease between the control and continuing aerobic (P=0.083) in Pselecteine. Also, there was no significant difference in the studied variables in both intermittent and continuous aerobic groups.
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise with reducing levels of adhesion molecules may play an important role in the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in men with heart failure.
Physical Education
hamid yazdazar; nosratollah hedayatpour; Mahta Sardroodian
Volume 27, Issue 4 , November and December 2020, , Pages 534-540
Abstract
Introduction: Selective muscle strengthening of quadriceps synergistic muscles is important to improve muscle performance specially to prevent Patella- femoral syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of the Vastus medialis and Vastus lateralis activity in response to ...
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Introduction: Selective muscle strengthening of quadriceps synergistic muscles is important to improve muscle performance specially to prevent Patella- femoral syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of the Vastus medialis and Vastus lateralis activity in response to the intensities of super maximal eccentric and submaximal concentric contractions.
Materials and Methods: 12 healthy men students randomly selected (21±2 years, 173±12 cm, and 71±8 kg) from University of Bojnord. Electromyography activity of quadriceps muscles was measured during contraction by using electromyography system. To evaluate the date, the Multivariate variance (MANOVA) and post hoc test (TUCKY) were applied at p˂0.05.
Results: The data analysis was demonstrated the electromyography activity of Vastus medialis and Vastus lateralis were significantly increased with an increased work load during the eccentric contraction rather than concentric contraction which suggests that progressive resistance training using super maximal eccentric contraction is more effective than submaximal concentric contraction to create the neuromuscular adaptations.
Conclusion: Furthermore, it was observed a significant interaction between muscle type and contraction intensity for muscle electromyography activity. Since, during the submaximal contraction, the EMG activity of Vastus medialis was significantly higher than Vastus lateralis, while it was not the case during super maximal contraction, which could indicate the possibility of selective muscle strengthening of Vastus medialis in sub-maximal intensity to prevent patella-femoral syndrome.
Physical Education
behnam masoudian; Akbar Azamian Jazi; mohammad faramarzi; ardeshir talebi
Volume 27, Issue 4 , November and December 2020, , Pages 586-591
Abstract
Introduction: Exercise trainings have beneficial effects on myocardium by changing the concentration of growth factors and their receptors and reduces the risk of heart failure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an Eight-week resistance training on ActRIIβin the myocardial left ...
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Introduction: Exercise trainings have beneficial effects on myocardium by changing the concentration of growth factors and their receptors and reduces the risk of heart failure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an Eight-week resistance training on ActRIIβin the myocardial left ventricular and plasma levels of GDF11, GDF8 in old male rats.
Materials and Methods: After the familiarization period, fourteen old male rats with age range 24 to 27 months were randomly divided into control (n= Seven) and training (n= Seven) groups. Resistance training was included eight weeks and five sessions per week climbing from a 1-meter ladder. GDF11 and GDF8 were measured by ELISA method and ActRIIβin the myocardial left ventricular was measurement by IHC method. Independent t-test was applied for statistical analysis of the data (p≤0.05).
Results: Comparisons between groups showed a significant difference between the training and control groups in GDF11 (p≤0.001), GDF8/GDF11 (p≤0.001), GDF8 (p≤0.027) and heart weight (p≤0.031). Between groups comparisons not showed a significant difference between the training and control groups in myocardium ActRIIβ (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that resistance training is effective in Seniors cardiac physiological hypertrophy with beneficial effects on growth factors. Therefore, these trainings can be used to reduce the incidence of heart failure; however, more studies are needed in this regard.
Physical Education
Mohammad Hoseinzadeh; Amir Rashidlamir; farida sadeghi fazel; Rambod Khajei
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 340-346
Abstract
Background and purpose:Irisin, which is released in response to physical activity, has recently been reported as the therapeutic target in metabolic disorders. The present study attempts to discover the effect of eight weeks’ resistance or endurance training on the irisin level in rats’ gastrocnemius ...
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Background and purpose:Irisin, which is released in response to physical activity, has recently been reported as the therapeutic target in metabolic disorders. The present study attempts to discover the effect of eight weeks’ resistance or endurance training on the irisin level in rats’ gastrocnemius and liver.Materials and methods:To this purpose,15 male rats were randomly assigned to three groups of 5: the resistance group, the endurance group, and the control group. For 8 weeks, the resistance group did the activities on the treadmill and the endurance group on a one-meter-long ladder with 85 steep, while the control group did not receive any training. 72 hours after their last training session, the subjects were anaesthetized and their liver and gastrocnemius were removed. A Shapiro-Wilk test was run to determine the normal distribution of data, and a one-way ANOVA and a Tukey test were applied to analyze the data(P ≥ 0.05).Results: The normal distribution having been approved via the Shapiro-Wilk test, the one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the irisin levels between the groups’ livers and gastrocnemii (P =0.001 and P -0.016, respectively). The Tukey test revealed a significant rise in the liver tissue of the resistance group and endurance group in comparison to the control group (P =0.001 and P =0.742, respectively).Conclusion:According to this study, both resistance and endurance training can help significantly increase the irisin level of both the liver and the gastrocnemius, indicating how physical activity can help in the prevention and treatment of metabolic illnesses.
Physical Education
Saber Saed-Mocheshi; Marziyeh Saghebjoo; Zakaria Vahabzadeh; Dariush Sheikholeslami Vatani
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 394-401
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Lifestyle modification is an important aspect of preventing various diseases, including various types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and green tea extract on NF-κB, COX-2 and suppressor protein ...
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Background and Objectives: Lifestyle modification is an important aspect of preventing various diseases, including various types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and green tea extract on NF-κB, COX-2 and suppressor protein of p53 in prostate tissue of healthy rats.Materials & Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: green tea extract, exercise training, green tea extract + exercise training, and control. The exercise training program included aerobic training on a low to moderate intensity on the treadmill (at a speed of 3-10 m/s, 3 sets of 15 min with 2 min of rest between sets, 5 days a week). Green tea extract was gavaged at a dose of 1.3 ml of solution at a concentration of 10 mg/100 ml (3 sessions per week). Scarify was performed 48 hours after the end of the intervention. The results were analyzed using parametric statistical methods of analysis of covariance and one way ANOVA.Results: Aerobic training significantly increased NF-κB level compared to the control group (P = 0.02). The combination of aerobic training and consumption of green tea extract did not significantly change the level of NF-κB. The COX-2 and p53 levels were not significantly different after aerobic training and green tea extract (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Green tea supplementation seems to modulate NF-κB level following aerobic training, which can reflect the anti-inflammatory effects of green tea and its role in preventing prostate cancer.
Physical Education
Nasrin Jahanshiri; nahid bijeh
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 173-181
Abstract
Introduction:Menopause is natural phenomenon and it is a stage of a woman's life in which, the menstruation period ends as a result of the reduction of the ovaries activity and the lack of estrogen. Since blood pressure and insulin resistance is a major problem in older women, The purpose of this study ...
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Introduction:Menopause is natural phenomenon and it is a stage of a woman's life in which, the menstruation period ends as a result of the reduction of the ovaries activity and the lack of estrogen. Since blood pressure and insulin resistance is a major problem in older women, The purpose of this study would be studying the The effect of combined training with and without consuming the flaxseed on the Insulin resistance and blood pressure of postmenopausal womenmethods:this quasi-experimental study,27postmenopausal women with the age group of 50 to 60 years old and the BMI equal to 25 to30kg/m2, were selected using the available sampling method. Then they were randomly divided into two groups called the combined training(12people)and the combined training plus flaxseed(15people).The aerobic exercise was preformed with the intensity of 60to80 percent of the maximal heart rate and the resistance exercise with the intensity of60to80 percent of a maximal repetition .complementary was given by using25 gr of the milled flaxseed.The blood samples were collected for measuring insulin resistance and analyzed using SPSS software and Independent and independent t test, respectively, to compare intra-group and inter-group differences at a significant level of P
Physical Education
fatemeh abbaspour; Seyed kazem Mousavi sadati; Reza Behdari
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 219-226
Abstract
AbstractBackground and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of eight weeks of endurance training with ginger supplementation on CRP and TNF-α in young girls aged 20 to 30.Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study,32 young girls 20-30 years old were randomly ...
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AbstractBackground and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of eight weeks of endurance training with ginger supplementation on CRP and TNF-α in young girls aged 20 to 30.Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study,32 young girls 20-30 years old were randomly assigned in four groups (control, supplement, practice and practice + supplement). The weight mean and standard deviation of participants were (61.17 ± 11.1) kilograms, and their body mass index were (23.45 ± 2.7). Training program was planned for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Each session consisted of 45 – 60 minutes with an intensity of 65-75 Vo2 max. The supplement and practice + supplement groups received daily one gram of ginger (Four 250 mg capsules) for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken 48 hours after the last training session. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene's Test, Covariance (ANCOVA) And Bonferroni and by SPSS 20.Findings: The findings showed that endurance training decreases significantly TNF-α in Young girls 20-30 years old (P
Physical Education
Meysam Pourmohamadi; Marzieh Nazari; Ramin Shabani
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 227-235
Abstract
Purpose: Intensive, long-term activity can damage the immunity system and cause inflammation. So, a natural anti-inflammatory intermediate like green tea has attracted the interests. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of green tea consumption and intensive aerobic exercise training ...
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Purpose: Intensive, long-term activity can damage the immunity system and cause inflammation. So, a natural anti-inflammatory intermediate like green tea has attracted the interests. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of green tea consumption and intensive aerobic exercise training on body composition, creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase parameters in sedentary young men.Materials and methods: Thirty-eight sedentary young men (age: 19.87±1.63 years) were participated in study and were randomly divided into four groups: green tea + aerobic training, aerobic training, green tea, and control. The subjects took three mg green tea or placebo a day with their meals. Also, green tea + aerobic training and aerobic training groups had aerobic training with 55-85% of maximum heart beat rate three sessions a week for one month. Blood samples were taken before and after four weeks and 24 hours after El-Estado test and their creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. Data were analyzed with t-paired test and covariance test.Results: It was revealed that fat percentage was significantly lower in green tea group (p < 0.001) but, no significance was observed in other variables.Conclusion: It seems that green tea consumption with regular, short aerobic activities can favorably affect subcutaneous fat percentage.
Physical Education
Mojgan Zaminafshan; Amin Isanejad; Mahmoud Nikseresht; Fatemeh Izaddoust
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 237-244
Abstract
Background Leptin is mainly produced in adipose tissue and plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism. It seems that exercise training can improve glucose homeostasis and leptin level in human. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic interval, non-liner ...
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Background Leptin is mainly produced in adipose tissue and plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism. It seems that exercise training can improve glucose homeostasis and leptin level in human. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic interval, non-liner resistance and concurrent training on the level of serum leptin and insulin resistance in overweight women. Materials and Methods In this semi-experimental study, 40 volunteers women were randomly assigned (n = 10 each) to non‐training control, aerobic interval training, non-liner resistance training, or concurrent training group. Subjects in Exercise group were on 12-week supervised exercise training program of four three per week, whereas the control group maintained a sedentary lifestyle. Insulin resistance and leptin were assessed from fasting blood samples before and after 12-week of intervention. All data were analyzed using Statistical software version 24 and the levels of statistical significance were set at P
Physical Education
Mohammad Ali Gharaat; Majid Kashef; Leila Eidi Abarghani; Mohsen Sheykhlouvand
Volume 27, Issue 1 , May and June 2020, , Pages 73-81
Abstract
Scope: According to the role of beta-alanine in buffering, this study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic beta-alanine ingestion on rowing performance.Materials & Methods: Twenty-four elite male rowers (age:23.4 ±3.3 years, height: 186.1± 7.9 cm, body fat percentage: 8.9 ± ...
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Scope: According to the role of beta-alanine in buffering, this study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic beta-alanine ingestion on rowing performance.Materials & Methods: Twenty-four elite male rowers (age:23.4 ±3.3 years, height: 186.1± 7.9 cm, body fat percentage: 8.9 ± 2.1) randomly divided into beta-alanine (40 milligrams. Kilogram-1 body weight per day), placebo (dextrose) or no-supplement for 21 days (n=8). After evaluating Volume of O2 maximum (VO2max) and velocity in VO2max (vVO2max), test of 6 min rowing ergometer for assessing mean power output, mean velocity in 6 minutes rowing maximum (vRmax) and Time at vRmax (TvRmax), and test of 6min ergo rowing with 90% of vRmax were executed in a pre- posttest procedure Power output (P), time to exhaustion (TvRmax), lactate concentration (LA) and heart rate (HR) were recorded from ergo rowing. For analysisng the outputs, ANOVA was utilized. Findings: Significant differences were shown in power output in 6 min@24str, vRmax (p= 0.00), TvRmax and LA in Post-test between beta-alanine and placebo or control (P= 0.00 and P= 0.04 respectively). Conclusion: It can be concluded that ingesting beta-alanine might delay lactate accumulation and increases time to exhaustion in rowing performance.
Physical Education
Ladan Hosseini Abrishami; Seyed Mahmud Hejazi; Amir Rashdlamir; Rambod Khajei
Volume 26, Issue 4 , November and December 2019, , Pages 495-504
Abstract
IntroductionEvidence showed that adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of continuous and periodic aerobic exercise on the serum level of C-reactive protein and some ...
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IntroductionEvidence showed that adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of continuous and periodic aerobic exercise on the serum level of C-reactive protein and some adhesive molecules in men with heart failure. Materials and MethodsIn this study, 42 middle-aged men with heart failure were purposeful and randomly divided into three equal groups(14 subjects): continuous aerobic exercise, periodic aerobic exercise and control groups. Continuous training(45-70% of Maximum Heart Rate) and periodic exercise (45-80% of MHR with 5-10 minutes rest between each period) were done for 8 weeks(three days a week). Before and after exercise, blood samples were taken from three groups, ELISA method was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS (20 version) at a significant level of P≤0.05. ResultsAfter eight weeks of training, the level of C-reactive protein, adhesion molecule -1 and vascular adhesion molecule -1 had a significant decrease in the two training groups(P ≤ 0.05). but no significant difference was observed in the control group. There was a significant difference between the levels of hs-CRP(P = 0.023) and VCAM-1(P = 0.0001) in all three groups, but there was not a significant difference in ICAM-1 level(P = 0.17).ConclusionAerobic exercise by decreasing the levels of hs-CRP and VCAM-1 may play an important role in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease in men with heart failure.
Physical Education
mehdi yadegari; Simin Riahy; Shadmehr Mirdar; Gholamreza Hamidian
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September and October 2019, , Pages 393-402
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the effect of 3-weeks Taper in hypoxic environment on the ratio of Bax / Bcl2 and alveolar epithelial cells populations in the lung.Materials and Methods: Thirty-five rats (4 weeks old, weighing 8 ± 72 g) were divided in five groups: control (6 weeks), training ...
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Background: This study investigated the effect of 3-weeks Taper in hypoxic environment on the ratio of Bax / Bcl2 and alveolar epithelial cells populations in the lung.Materials and Methods: Thirty-five rats (4 weeks old, weighing 8 ± 72 g) were divided in five groups: control (6 weeks), training (6 weeks), hypoxia (3 weeks), hypoxia - taper (3 weeks) and control (9 weeks). Samples entered to the hypoxia after six weeks of interval training and lived there for 3 weeks. another group with exposure to hypoxic environment , implementation Taper technique.Bax/Bcl2 ratio of lung measured by immunohistochemistry and type II and type I pneumocytes population of pulmonary alveolar measured with stereologically.Results: Bax/Bcl2 ratio and type II pneumocytes population Increased and type I pneumocytes population Decreased After six weeks high intensity interval training (P≤0.5).Bax/Bcl2 ratio and type I pneumocytes population of hypoxia group decreased compared with training group (P≤0.5). three weeks taper in hypoxia group, Led to decrease of Bax/Bcl2 ratio , type II population pneumocytes and Increase of type I pneumocytes (P≤0.5).Conclusion: It seems high intensity interval training and subsequent hypoxia can increase pulmonary alveolar apoptosis. also appears taper is a Efficient Method to decrease of apoptosis lung.
Physical Education
Ghader Rahimzadeh; Mohammadali Azarbaijani; Hassan Matin homaei
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July and August 2019, , Pages 161-170
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Today, the use of supplements and herbal extracts has been widely used to prevent exercise induced apoptosis and improve exercise training adaptations. Thus, the present study examined the effect of the 12 weeks aerobic training with Origanum vulgare ethanolic Extract supplementation ...
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AbstractBackground: Today, the use of supplements and herbal extracts has been widely used to prevent exercise induced apoptosis and improve exercise training adaptations. Thus, the present study examined the effect of the 12 weeks aerobic training with Origanum vulgare ethanolic Extract supplementation on the myocardial apoptosis in young male rats.Methods: In this experimental study,40 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old)with an average(weight 129±17.86 in gr)randomly divided in five equal groups:basic(n=8),control(n=8),Origanum vulgare(n=8), aerobic training(n=8)and aerobic training-Origanum vulgare(n=8).The aerobic training and aerobic training - Origanum vulgare groups participated in a 12-week program (5 sessions of 10-60 minutes each week, with an intensity of 75-80% of maximum oxygen consumption) running on animal treadmill (15% incline and 24-33 m/s).Also,Origanum vulgare Ethanolic extract was used for supplementation.Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session,a part of the left venticular tissue of the heart was removed and expression of Bax,Bcl2 and caspase-9 proteins was investigated using RT-PCR method. Data were analyzed byTwo-way ANOVA test (P
Physical Education
Fatemeh Rostami; Ramin Shabani
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July and August 2019, , Pages 185-193
Abstract
Background: It seems that exercise training can be effective in improving glucose homeostasis and blood lipids by inducing circulating level of irisin. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight week aerobic training on serum irisin, blood lipid and blood sugar in untrained ...
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Background: It seems that exercise training can be effective in improving glucose homeostasis and blood lipids by inducing circulating level of irisin. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight week aerobic training on serum irisin, blood lipid and blood sugar in untrained women. Materials and Methods: This semi- experimental study was conducted on 20 sedentary volunteer women among a university of Rasht city in two groups. The control group conducted the routine daily activities, but the experimental group participated in 65 min aerobic training, three times a week for eight consecutive weeks. Blood lipids, glucose homeostasis and circulating irisin were assessed at baseline, and after 8 weeks of interventions. Data were analyses using SPSS version 22 and A P-value of P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In the training group, insulin (p=0.02) and HOMA (p=0.04) were decreased and HDL-C (p=0.00) was increased following 8-weeks of intervention. However, there were no significant changes in fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-C and irisin (P>0.05). In the control group, fasting blood sugar (p=0.04), insulin (p=0.01), HOMA (p=0.00), triglyceride (p=0.03) and irisin (p=0.03) were increased following 8-weeks of study period. After intervention, participants undergoing exercise training had significantly lower cholesterol (p=0.00), triglyceride (p=0.02), insulin (p=0.00) and HOMA (P=0.00) and higher HDL-C (p=0.00) compared with the control group.Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training in sedentary women is associated with an improvement in glucose homeostasis and HDL-C independently of the irisin changes.
Physical Education
Nafise Mofidi Sadr; Roya Askari; Amir Hossein Haghighi
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July and August 2019, , Pages 203-211
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of combined exercise on bone mineral density and some blood parameters in postmenopausal women with overweight.Materials and Methods: 29 inactive postmenopausal women with an age range of 58 to 46 years participated in this study. ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of combined exercise on bone mineral density and some blood parameters in postmenopausal women with overweight.Materials and Methods: 29 inactive postmenopausal women with an age range of 58 to 46 years participated in this study. Subjects were placed in one of the two exercises (resistance-aerobic) and control (without exercise). Before and after the training period, weight, body mass index, fat percentage, bone density of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral head (in dexas), calcium and serum phosphorus were measured. The exercise protocol included upper and lower resistance exercises in 3 sets with 12 to 8 repetitions, and aerobic training including running and waving alternately for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The data with normal distribution were analyzed using ANOVA and T-Paired methods and data without normal distribution using KruskalWallis and Wilcoxon. Finding: The experimental group showed a significant increase in serum calcium, bone density in the lumbar spine and neck (P
Physical Education
Abbas Mohammadi; Kazem Khodaei; Neda Badri
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 53-61
Abstract
Background: The purpose of present study was investigated of association between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and physical activity at work, leisure time and during exercise among over 30 years old male students in Sabzevar.Material and methods: 200 male students over 30 years old of University ...
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Background: The purpose of present study was investigated of association between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and physical activity at work, leisure time and during exercise among over 30 years old male students in Sabzevar.Material and methods: 200 male students over 30 years old of University of Applied Sciences in Sabzevar city randomly were selected. Components associated with the metabolic syndrome were measured. The physical activity levels of the participants in the three domains measured by "the Baecke Physical Activity questionnaire". The mean of each component of the metabolic syndrome in three BMI groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components with physical activity levels.Results: weight, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride, prevalence of metabolic syndrome significantly were high in overweight and obese subjects than normal weight people but, total physical activity and domains significantly were low (p˂0.05). The risk of increased abdominal obesity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in active and relative active people than inactive people (p˂0.05). The chance of having a metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in inactive people during exercise than active peoples (p˂0.05). Conclusion: it seems that in obese and overweight Sabzevar male students the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components more than normal weight males. Also, Inactive people are more likely to be exposed to metabolic syndrome and some of its components than active people.
Physical Education
Abbas Salhikia; Mohammad Parastesh
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 89-97
Abstract
Background: The aim of present study was to investigate effects of endurance training on surfactant protein-D in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study، thirty-six adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 200±48gr, randomly ...
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Background: The aim of present study was to investigate effects of endurance training on surfactant protein-D in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study، thirty-six adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 200±48gr, randomly assigned in to four groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic endurance training and healthy endurance training. For induction of diabetes, intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide solution (120 mg/kg) and STZ solution (65 mg/kg) was used. The endurance training protocol was performed for 8-week and Twenty-four hours after the last training session blood serum samples were examined for evaluating reproductive hormones. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s Post Hoc test at 0.05%. Results: Endurance training caused a significant decrease in blood glucose in the endurance diabetic training group compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.000). Serum Protein-D Surfactant (SPD) serum levels in the diabetic control group significantly decreased (P=0.001) and the insulin resistance index (P=0.000) was significantly lower than healthy controls. 8 weeks of endurance training significantly increased in SPD (P=0.041) in endurance diabetic training group compared to diabetic control group. Also, exercise significantly decreased insulin resistance index (P=0.000) and insulin (P=0.029) in endurance diabetic training group compared to diabetic control group.Conclusion: It seems that Endurance training by increasing the levels of serum SPD improve insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic mice.Keywords: Streptozotocin–nicotinamide, Surfactant protein-D, Insulin, Training.
Physical Education
Hossein TaheriChadorneshin; Mohammad Esmaiel Afzalpour; Ehsan Afroozi-Gerow; Seyed Hosein Abtahi-Eivary; Meysam Alipour-Raz
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 99-107
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) result in serious damage oxidation of proteins, lipids and genomic structures. Studies have shown that production of ROS increases during intensive exercise training. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of two type sprint and endurance exercise trainings ...
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) result in serious damage oxidation of proteins, lipids and genomic structures. Studies have shown that production of ROS increases during intensive exercise training. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of two type sprint and endurance exercise trainings on 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the brain and liver of Wistar rats. 24 adult Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into sedentary control, sprint exercise training, and endurance exercise training groups. Rats in sprint and endurance exercise training groups ran on treadmill for 6 weeks, 6 days per week, at 80 to 100 percent of maximal oxygen consumption. OGG1 and 8-OHdG levels were measured using sandwich ELISA assay. Data analyzed using one way ANOVA at P≤0.05 level. Results showed that both of sprint and endurance exercise trainings result in significant increase in OGG1 levels in brain and liver. Sprint exercise training resulted in greater increase in brain OGG1 than endurance exercise training. However, sprint and endurance exercise training had no significant effect on 8-OHdG levels in brain and liver tissues. OGG1 content correlated negatively with 8-OHdG levels. Collectively, sprint and endurance exercise trainings prevents from genomic structure through an increase in OGG1 contents.
Physical Education
Mohammad Hoseinzadeh; Amir Rashidlamir; Seyed Mahmud Hejazi
Volume 25, Issue 5 , November and December 2018, , Pages 629-637
Abstract
Background and purpose: Fibronectin transmembrane type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is a characteristic factor in distinguishing skeletal muscle cells. Since the productive effects of regular exercise are conveyed through the skeletal muscle, this study aims to compare the effects of progressive ...
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Background and purpose: Fibronectin transmembrane type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is a characteristic factor in distinguishing skeletal muscle cells. Since the productive effects of regular exercise are conveyed through the skeletal muscle, this study aims to compare the effects of progressive endurance and resistance training on FNDC5 gene expression in male rats’ gastrocnemius muscles.Materials and Methods: 15 male rats were randomly assigned to three equal groups of: control, endurance training and resistance training. The endurance group performed 8 weeks of training on the treadmill. The resistance group did their exercises for eight weeks on a three-session-per-week basis on a one-meter-high ladder with 85○ slope. All subjects were anesthetized 72 hours after the experiment finished and the gastrocnemius removed. The level of FNDC5 expression was measured through real-time PCR method and one-way ANOVA applied to analyze the data. Level of significance was set to P≥0.05.Results: One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in FNDC5 expression among the groups (P=0.001, F=31.791). A subsequent Tukey test application showed FNDC5 gene expression of the gastrocnemius muscle was significantly higher in the resistance and endurance training groups than in the control group (P
Physical Education
hasan parsa shkooh; Marziyeh Saghebjoo; Samad Nazemi; Mehdi Hedayati
Volume 25, Issue 5 , November and December 2018, , Pages 669-677
Abstract
The physical activity as a therapeutic tool is rapidly growing in the diabetic neuropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks endurance training on the; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and pain in sensoty roots of spinal cord of rats with diabetic neuropathy. fourty ...
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The physical activity as a therapeutic tool is rapidly growing in the diabetic neuropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks endurance training on the; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and pain in sensoty roots of spinal cord of rats with diabetic neuropathy. fourty rats (10 w; 230- 260 g) were study sample. Thirty rats, received interperitoneal injection of Sterptozotocin (STZ) solution (45 mg/kg, pH=4.5). Rats ranodmly assigned to three groups: diabetic continous training, diabetic interval training, diabetic control. ten rats were assigned in healthy control group. Training protocol was a six weeks aerobic training with 60- 70% VO2max treadmill run. 48 h after the last training session, the sensory part of spinal cord sampled. Data Analysed with Oneway Analysis of variance test (P
Physical Education
Amir Delshad; Amir Hossein Haghighi; Seyed Alireza Hosseini kakhak
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 461-472
Abstract
Introduction:. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of the effectiveness of two methods of operational-skills and combined exercises training of immunity systems in male firefighters. Materials and methods: 36 men firefighters were selected voluntarily. The participants of first ...
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Introduction:. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of the effectiveness of two methods of operational-skills and combined exercises training of immunity systems in male firefighters. Materials and methods: 36 men firefighters were selected voluntarily. The participants of first experimental group were participated in one program of operational-skills training about eight weeks. This program was consisted of stair climb, equipment carry, victim rescue, ladder heel and raise, forcible entry, and hose drag. The treatment of the combined training program was included 15 minutes of aerobic running with 60 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate and five selected strength training for upper and lower parts of the body. Blood test was obtained with all the samples in fasted stated to determine the parameters of IL6, CD40 and cortisol before starting the training period and 48 hours after the last training sessions. The collected data were analyzed according to paired-samples t and analysis of variance with the significant level of P< 0.05. Results: The collected data revealed that the level of cortisol and serum IL6 were decreased significantly in two experimental groups in comparison with the control group. But the level of soluble CD40 had significantly differences in the first experimental group in contrast with the other groups, and there were no differences between two other groups. Conclusions: the results of this study suggested that, it is better the male firefighters use operational- skills training to strengthen the immune system and reduce risk factors in cardiovascular disease
Physical Education
Leili Zeiaadini Dashtkhaki; Amir Rashidlamir; Said Naghibi
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 473-485
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation program aimed at reducing secondary risk factors and improving function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting run which finally may delay or reduce mortality patients. A key component of this program is exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect ...
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Cardiac rehabilitation program aimed at reducing secondary risk factors and improving function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting run which finally may delay or reduce mortality patients. A key component of this program is exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aquatic and dryland training on ABCG8 gene expression in middle-aged women’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells after coronary artery bypass grafting. 30 middle-aged women with cardiovascular disease were divided into three groups including control, aquatic and dryland resistance training. The program lasted for eight weeks of resistance training (3 sessions per week/ 60 minutes per session) and started with 60% of 1RM. Fasting blood samples were taken from all participants 48 hours both prior to the beginning of the training program and after the last training session. ABCG8 relative gene expression was detected by Real-time PCR method. Repeated measures and paired t-test with a significance level of p≤ 0.05 were used to determine differences between and within groups. Repeated measures test showed a significant increase in the relative ABCG8 gene expression in both the aquatic and dryland training groups (P= 0.001). Moreover, paired-samples t-test showed a significant difference in aquatic and dryland training groups regarding ABCG8 gene expression (P= 0.001; P= 0.001). It can be concluded that both training programs on land and water training, increase ABCG8 gene expression in middle-aged women after coronary artery bypass and a possible reverse cholesterol transport process can be improved.
Physical Education
Ozra Ahmadi; Valiollah Dabidiroshan
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 495-506
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this paper is to use a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the effectiveness of aerobic and resistance training on blood Flow mediated dilationMethods: In this study, flow mediated dilation was selected as valid index for vascular endothelial function. Search was done in databases ...
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Aim: The aim of this paper is to use a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the effectiveness of aerobic and resistance training on blood Flow mediated dilationMethods: In this study, flow mediated dilation was selected as valid index for vascular endothelial function. Search was done in databases PubMed, science direct, Scopus, Web of science, SID, Magiran and google Scholar with specified keywords among articles that were published in the years 1986 to 2016 both in Persian and English. After initial screening, full text search and critical appraisal, studies which pass the inclusion criteria were analyzed.Results: From a total of 1562 articles that were analyzed, 23 received the study inclusion criteria for the systematic review. 14 study, which included 17 trials with meta-analysis inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results of the meta-analysis of studies showed that exercise can improve Flow mediated dilation in healthy subjects (SMD= 0/84, 95 % CI 0/55–1/13, p=0/001) and patients with coronary artery disease (SMD= 0/49, 95 % CI 0/30–0/68, p=0/001). Although the effect size obtained for different sports are different, but considering the low number of studies, we cannot make an absolute statement about the superiority of one method of training.Conclusion: The exercise can be effective in improving endothelial function, although still high-quality research studies with sufficient sample size is needed.
Physical Education
Rambod Khajei; 1. Amir Hossein Haghighi; mohamad reza hamedinia; amir rashid lamir
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 507-517
Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise is the most popular sport activity in cardiac rehab center for increase aerobic ability and decrease in fat mass of cardiovascular disease , the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on LXR gene expression and lipid profile in middle ...
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Background: Aerobic exercise is the most popular sport activity in cardiac rehab center for increase aerobic ability and decrease in fat mass of cardiovascular disease , the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on LXR gene expression and lipid profile in middle aged men after CABG.Materials and Methods: The subjects were 20 CABG middle aged male patient were randomly assigned into two group : control (N=10), and aerobic training (n = 10) groups. Exercise group performed aerobic exercises for 8 weeks with an intensity 60% to 80% of heart rate. 48 hours before exercise and 48 hours after the last training session, all subjects blood samples were taken and plasma and monocyte isolation were performed to measure the indices. Data analysis were performed by using t-test and independent t-test, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were performed at a significant level of p≤0.05.Results: Significant increase in expression of LXR gene value and HDL and significant decrease in total cholestrole, apo A and B ratio, LDL,TGS in experimental group compared to the control group compared to the control group has seen.Conclusion: Improvement of lipid profiles levels and enhancing the expression of LXR gene after 8 weeks of aerobic exercises showed that Performing regular aerobic exercises as part of the cardiac rehabilitation can be effective in reducing the incidence of atherosclerosis and preventing recurrence of the patient.