Original Article
matin noroozi; hamed ghorani; Negin Ghafarzadeh; Arash Khameneh Bagheri
Abstract
Background and Objective
The abnormal buildup of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is known as ascites. It is practically crucial to evaluate the characteristics of ascitic fluid in order to distinguish its etiology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of tapped ascitic fluid in the ...
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Background and Objective
The abnormal buildup of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is known as ascites. It is practically crucial to evaluate the characteristics of ascitic fluid in order to distinguish its etiology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of tapped ascitic fluid in the Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital’s interventional radiology department from 2019 to 2022.
Material and method
We gathered the medical records of ascites patients who had paracentesis in the interventional radiology unit for this retrospective descriptive-analytical analysis. Age, gender, ascitic fluid’s total protein and albumin levels, white and red blood cell counts, and fluid culture outcomes were among the variables under investigation. Transudate and exudate fluid were distinguished using the serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG).
Results
Patients were 54.8 years old on average (SD = 14.4). Malignancies were the leading cause of ascites (32.04%), followed by heart failure (7.04%) and liver cirrhosis (16.9%). 8.06% of patients had a positive ascitic fluid culture, while 91.93% had a negative one. Patients with malignancies had SAAG levels below 1.1 g/dL, whereas those with cirrhosis and heart failure had SAAG levels above 1.1 g/dL.
Conclusion
In the population under study, cirrhosis and cancer were the most frequent causes of ascites. While combining SAAG with additional diagnostic techniques improves accuracy, SAAG is still a useful tool for distinguishing between transudative and exudative ascites.
Original Article
Nursing
hanie honarbakhsh; Ali Taj; zahra parsaei mehr; Mohammad hassan Rakhshani; Mostafa Rad
Abstract
Introduction:Due to the varying prevalence of workplace bullying across different cultures and its potential impact on physical health problems such as headaches, along with the lack of sufficient information in this area, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of workplace bullying, ...
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Introduction:Due to the varying prevalence of workplace bullying across different cultures and its potential impact on physical health problems such as headaches, along with the lack of sufficient information in this area, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of workplace bullying, related factors, and its association with tension-type headache among nurses working in hospitals in Sabzevar.
Materials and Methods:This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 421 nurses employed in Sabzevar hospitals. Stratified sampling was carried out from October to December 2024. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, the revised Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-R), and a headache screening questionnaire to assess tension-type headache. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.
Results: The mean age of the nurses was 33.57 ± 6.84 years. A total of 127 individuals (30.2%) had experienced workplace bullying. Moreover, 164 nurses (39%) reported probable tension-type headache, and 34 (8.1%) reported definite tension-type headache. Logistic regression analysis revealed that factors such as age, work unit, monthly income, and average working hours per month significantly predicted the occurrence of workplace bullying.
Conclusion:The results indicated that individuals with fewer working hours, less work experience, and higher income levels were more likely to become victims of workplace bullying. Higher income level and older age were associated with increased likelihood of victimization.
Original Article
Nursing
seyed hossein hosseini; Rezvan Rajabzadeh; Mostafa Rad
Abstract
Background: Military service is a critical transitional period for newly graduated male nurses, often accompanied by psychological stress and role challenges that may affect their professional performance, including compassionate care delivery.This study aimed to determine the association between military ...
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Background: Military service is a critical transitional period for newly graduated male nurses, often accompanied by psychological stress and role challenges that may affect their professional performance, including compassionate care delivery.This study aimed to determine the association between military service and compassionate nursing care in selected teaching and therapeutic hospitals in Mashhad and Sabzevar iran in 2025.
Methods:This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 305 novice male nurses (work experience ≤48 months) working in clinical wards of selected hospitals. Participants were recruited using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the validated Compassionate Care Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, employing Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U,and Spearman correlation tests.A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results:A statistically significant difference was found in the mean compassionate care score based on military service type (p<0.001). The "Health Ministry Ambassador" group achieved the highest scores across all dimensions (professional performance, continuous follow-up, patient-centered performance, and empathetic communication), followed by the "Exempt from Service" group. The lowest scores were observed in the "Conscripted Soldier" and "Garrison Nurse" groups. No significant relationship was found between compassionate care and educational level or marital status. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between work experience and patient-centered performance (rho = -0.15, p=0.01).
Conclusion: The type of military service significantly influences compassionate care among novice nurses. Addressing the psychological and supportive needs of conscripted nurses and designing targeted educational programs may facilitate successful transition to clinical practice and enhance compassionate care quality
Original Article
Surgery
Negar Shadabmehr; Fatemeh Ghardashi; Abolfazl Shakiba; Yaser Tabarraie; Mahtab Khajeh
Abstract
Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most important postoperative complications of surgical procedures, associated with increased length of hospital stay and increased treatment costs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of surgical site infection and its associated ...
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Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most important postoperative complications of surgical procedures, associated with increased length of hospital stay and increased treatment costs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of surgical site infection and its associated factors in hospitalized patients.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the teaching hospitals of Sabzevar in 2024. Sampling was performed using a census method, and data were collected from the hospital infection control unit and review of medical records of patients with surgical site infection. The data collection tool was a checklist of demographic variables and infection characteristics. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests including t-test, chi-square, and logistic regression.
Results: Out of a total of 14,329 surgical procedures performed, 218 cases of surgical site infection were reported. The analyses showed that factors such as advanced age, prolonged hospital stay, high preoperative blood glucose levels, and high body mass index were all significantly associated with greater severity of infection. Additionally, alcohol and cigarette consumption, as well as preoperative anemia, increased the risk of infection. Underlying diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, kidney problems, and immunosuppression also played a prominent role in exacerbating infection.
Conclusion: Although the prevalence of infection in this center is relatively low, focusing on blood glucose control, management of underlying diseases, and avoidance of prolonged antibiotic use can be effective strategies for reducing this complication.
Original Article
Nursing
mojtaba rad; nasymeh setayesh
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Military crises place considerable psychological and organizational demands on nurses. Understanding their experiences is essential for improving preparedness and support strategies during emergencies.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis ...
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Abstract
Background: Military crises place considerable psychological and organizational demands on nurses. Understanding their experiences is essential for improving preparedness and support strategies during emergencies.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nurses who provided care during the 12-day military crisis in a teaching Hospital in Tehran. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively. Trustworthiness was established through member checking and peer review.
Results: Seven themes emerged: managerial and organizational challenges, work–family role conflict, psychological burden of war, human resource challenges, organizational injustice, perceived support, and professional resilience. Participants reported shortages of resources, increased workload, security concerns, emotional distress, and persistent worries about family safety. Perceived inequity and insufficient managerial support reduced motivation. However, support from colleagues and family, professional commitment, teamwork, and resilience helped nurses maintain patient care despite adverse conditions.
Conclusion: Nurses experienced significant psychological, organizational, and family-related challenges during the military crisis. Nevertheless, resilience, social support, and professional commitment enabled them to sustain care delivery. Strengthening crisis preparedness, organizational support, and resilience-building interventions may improve healthcare workforce performance during future military emergencies.
Original Article
Mostafa Roshanzadeh; Ali Taj
Abstract
Introduction: Ethical decision-making is the most fundamental component of the professional performance of health professionals. It faces serious and conflicting challenges in war situations. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explain the experiences of health professionals of the challenges ...
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Introduction: Ethical decision-making is the most fundamental component of the professional performance of health professionals. It faces serious and conflicting challenges in war situations. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explain the experiences of health professionals of the challenges of ethical decision-making in war situations.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach. 15 health professionals (physicians, nurses, emergency medical technicians, and other healthcare workers) were included in the study through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The duration of each interview was between 45 and 75 minutes.
Results: After analyzing the data from the interviews, 468 semantic units were extracted. These units were reduced to 123 initial codes in the initial coding stage. By comparing and merging similar codes, 20 sub-concepts were identified, which were organized into 5 main concepts. At a higher abstract level, these concepts were placed under a central theme titled erosion of professional ethics in the context of inevitable war decisions.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that ethical decision-making in wartime is a complex, multi-layered, and exhausting process that confronts health professionals with constant conflict between ethical principles and field realities, pressure from resource constraints, and triage challenges. These experiences leave lasting psychological and ethical consequences on individuals' professional and personal lives, leading to a redefinition of the meaning and priorities of professional ethics in the context of crisis.
Review article
Gyneocology
nasrin fazel; shohreh shahrouyan; sina shahrooyan
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Wars and armed conflicts are among the most critical public health crises, particularly in the field of women's reproductive health.
Objective: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the impact of war on women’s reproductive health and well-being.
Material ...
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Abstract
Introduction: Wars and armed conflicts are among the most critical public health crises, particularly in the field of women's reproductive health.
Objective: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the impact of war on women’s reproductive health and well-being.
Material and method: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and SID databases between 2000 and 2026 using Persian and English keywords related to war, reproductive health, and sexual violence. After screening, 34 original articles with statistical data were selected for analysis.
Result: The most common consequences of war included sexual violence, unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, increased prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, reduced access to maternity care, and higher maternal and neonatal mortality.
Conclusion: War has profound and multilayered effects on women’s health. Strengthening care systems, establishing mobile services, and implementing gender-sensitive policies are among the key intervention priorities.
Keywords: reproductive health, pregnancy, Maternal mortality ,Infant mortality, Violence Against Women, War, Prenatal Care
Original Article
Nursing
Razieh Keyvan; samira foji
Abstract
Introduction :. Ambulance response time is an important variable in evaluating the quality of EMS services. This study aimed to determine the mean ambulance response time to trauma patients and to investigate the relationship between ambulance response time and variables related to the injured patient, ...
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Introduction :. Ambulance response time is an important variable in evaluating the quality of EMS services. This study aimed to determine the mean ambulance response time to trauma patients and to investigate the relationship between ambulance response time and variables related to the injured patient, accident scene, and prehospital emergency medical services system.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 379 emergency medical services (EMS 115) missions involving trauma patients injured in road traffic accidents in Sabzevar County. Census sampling was performed over a three-month period, from the beginning of Tir to the end of Shahrivar 1402. Data were collected using a checklist and analyzed using Stata version 17. The Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and simple linear regression tests were used for data analysis.
Results: The mean ambulance response time to the scene was 8.60 minutes, with a standard deviation of 7.64 minutes. A statistically significant relationship was observed between response time and the accident location, educational level, traffic congestion, and distance traveled. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between response time and the day and time of the accident, type of dispatched vehicle, or work experience of EMS personnel.
Conclusion: Mean ambulance response time is one of the most important factors in evaluating the quality of emergency medical services. This study showed that the mean response time in Sabzevar County was close to the recommended standard.
Letter to the Editor (Policy Brief)
Aging
Raha Salehabadi; Vahideh MoghaddamHosseini
Abstract
Elder abuse is a major public health and social challenge, with important implications for the health, safety, autonomy, and quality of life of older women. Older women may face greater vulnerability to abuse because of intersecting demographic, economic, social, and cultural factors, including longer ...
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Elder abuse is a major public health and social challenge, with important implications for the health, safety, autonomy, and quality of life of older women. Older women may face greater vulnerability to abuse because of intersecting demographic, economic, social, and cultural factors, including longer life expectancy, widowhood, economic dependency, caregiving responsibilities, and gender-related social norms. Importantly, a recent analytical cross-sectional study conducted in 2023 among 400 adults aged 60 and older attending urban health centers in Golestan Province (IR.MEDSAB.REC.1400.122), Iran, provides a clear gender-specific rationale for this policy focus. The study found that 61.8% of participants had experienced at least one form of elder abuse, and multivariable analysis showed that women had a 1.84-fold higher likelihood of reporting elder abuse than men. These findings highlight the need to address elder abuse not only as a general issue of healthy ageing but also as a gender-responsive health and social policy priority. Accordingly, this policy brief integrates national and international evidence to propose practical measures specifically relevant to the health, protection, and empowerment of older women, including gender-sensitive screening in primary health care, economic empowerment, promotion of mental health and self-esteem, caregiver support, insurance coverage for counseling services, workforce training, legal protection, and culturally tailored programs.
Original Article
Microbiology
Melody Omraninava; مرادی moradi; عشق دوست Esh-gh Doost Shalmani; iraj mohammadi; Mojtaba Nabili; Niloufar Ghasemimaher
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections and may asymptomatically colonize the anterior nares, particularly among individuals exposed to healthcare environments such as medical students. Due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains, identification ...
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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections and may asymptomatically colonize the anterior nares, particularly among individuals exposed to healthcare environments such as medical students. Due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains, identification of nasal carriers and evaluation of their resistance patterns are of great importance. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 medical students (interns and trainees) at Valiasr Hospital, Qaemshahr, in 2024. Nasal swab samples were collected from the anterior nares of participants and cultured on blood agar and mannitol salt agar media. Bacterial identification was performed using biochemical tests including catalase, coagulase, and DNase. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and associations between variables were evaluated using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.
The results showed that 21 participants (20%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. Among these isolates, 8 cases (38%) demonstrated antibiotic resistance. No significant association was found between carrier status and variables such as gender, blood group, or underlying diseases (p>0.05). However, previous antibiotic use (p=0.02) and older age (p=0.044) were significantly associated with nasal carriage.
These findings suggest that medical students may serve as potential reservoirs for S. aureus transmission in hospital settings. The observed antibiotic resistance highlights the need for regular screening programs, infection control education, and continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance among healthcare-associated populations.
Original Article
Internal Medicine
Vahideh MoghaddamHosseini; abolfazl Kargari; Najme Rahimi; Nazanin Fekri; Roghayeh Javan
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders, particularly in women. It is associated with metabolic alterations, including dyslipidemia. Beyond its classical role in bone metabolism, vitamin D also regulates metabolic and inflammatory processes. This study ...
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Background and Objectives: Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders, particularly in women. It is associated with metabolic alterations, including dyslipidemia. Beyond its classical role in bone metabolism, vitamin D also regulates metabolic and inflammatory processes. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D level and lipid profile in women with hypothyroidism.
Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 92 women who were newly diagnosed and attending an endocrinology subspecialty clinic in Sabzevar were selected through convenience sampling. obtaining informed consent,, demographic information was recorded, and serum vitamin D and lipid profile levels were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Spearman correlation, and multivariable linear regression.
Results: The mean age of participants was 40.52 ± 10.48 years. The mean vitamin D level was 22.29 ± 8.24 ng/mL, and 82.6% of women with hypothyroidism had vitamin D levels below the sufficiency threshold. Vitamin D level was significantly associated with HDL-C (r = 0.287, P = 0.007). This association remained significant after adjustment for age,, BMI, and TSH (B = 0.329, P = 0.007). No significant association was found between vitamin D and total cholesterol, triglycerides, or LDL-C (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The frequency of vitamin D deficiency was high among women with hypothyroidism. After adjustment for confounding variables, vitamin D level showed a significant direct and independent association only with HDL-C. This finding emphasizes the need to consider vitamin D status in the cardiovascular risk assessment of these patients.
Letter to the Editor (Policy Brief)
Traditional medicine
Seyed Majid Ghazanfari
Abstract
I thank Faezeh Karimi Moghaddam et al. and their colleagues for presenting their article titled "Investigating the Effect of Different Groups in the Food Pyramid on Human Health from the Perspective of the Quran, Hadiths, and Modern Medicine: A Comparative Study." The following additional explanation ...
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I thank Faezeh Karimi Moghaddam et al. and their colleagues for presenting their article titled "Investigating the Effect of Different Groups in the Food Pyramid on Human Health from the Perspective of the Quran, Hadiths, and Modern Medicine: A Comparative Study." The following additional explanation is presented.
The World Health Organization does not consider health to be merely the absence of disease or defect; it encompasses a person's complete health, including physical, mental, social, and spiritual aspects. In the meantime, one of the main needs of the human body is the issue of food and nutrition, which can be examined from various viewpoints, including the type and composition of foods, their consumption, the appropriate amount for each person, and the source of their preparation (in terms of plant, animal, or mineral sources).
Traditional Persian Medicine is one of the oldest documented and experienced medical schools with unique scientific terms and propositions. It is based on four elements (including fire, air, water, and earth) and four specific phlegms (including Dam, Balgham, Soda, and Safra). The discussion of Mizag (temperament) and the factors necessary to recognize it is one of its most important and technical topics. This medical school has classified the types of available food in nature based on the type and amount of phlegm created, and in order to provide the necessary recommendations to different people, it also pays special attention to the specific conditions of each individual's needs.
Original Article
Biophysics & Radiotherapy
Ruhollah Ghahramani-Asl; Sajjad Binabaji; Sajedeh Jamalabadi; Seyed Amir-Hossien Moghadas-Sani; batol Keykhosravi; Seyed Alireza Javadinia
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cancer can be considered the second leading cause of death worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with various types of cancer in Sabzevar city during the years 2016-2017.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional-retrospective ...
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Background and Objective: Cancer can be considered the second leading cause of death worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with various types of cancer in Sabzevar city during the years 2016-2017.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional-retrospective study, the files of 1,075 cancer patients referred to the chemo-radiotherapy departments of Vasei hospital in Sabzevar during the years 2016-2017 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data including age, gender, type and stage of cancer were extracted from the complete patient files.
Results: In this study, 1,075 patients (59.6% female) with a mean age of 57.77±7.50 years were reviewed. The most common cancer was breast (346 cases, 32.2%), followed by esophagus, brain and rectum. The highest mortality was observed in lung (58.5%), stomach (52.8%), bladder (52.8%), and brain (50%) cancers. The trend of referrals increased from 31 cases in 2016 to 307 cases in 2019 and decreased to 242 cases in 2019. The peak incidence was in the age group of 60-70 years (23.8%), and more than 78% of patients were in the age range of 40-80 years.
Conclusion: The most common cancer in patients referred to Vasei Hospital of Sabzevar was breast cancer. The peak incidence was in the age group of 60-70 years. The trend of referrals was increasing until 2019. The most lethal cancers included lung, stomach, bladder, and brain. Given the lack of regional studies, these results can pave the way for future research.
Original Article
Gyneocology
Fatemeh Fakharzadeh; Mitra Tadayon Najafabadi; Mohammad Hosein Haghighizadeh; Esmaeil Mousavi Asl
Abstract
Introduction: Most adolescents are not physically or psychologically prepared for pregnancy and childbirth, which may lead to serious health complications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Based on Mindfulness on Concerns of Nulliparous Adolescent Pregnant ...
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Introduction: Most adolescents are not physically or psychologically prepared for pregnancy and childbirth, which may lead to serious health complications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Based on Mindfulness on Concerns of Nulliparous Adolescent Pregnant Women
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 61 adolescent pregnant mothers attending Kian Abad health centers in Ahvaz. Participants were selected using random numbers and block randomization with blocks of six and a 1:1 allocation ratio into intervention (31) and control (30) groups. The intervention group received eight in person MBCT based cognitive behavioral counseling sessions. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PDQ). Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann–Whitney, Chi square, Fisher’s exact test, independent t test, and repeated measures tests. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, and the significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: The results showed that the mean total score of pregnancy-related worries in the intervention group significantly decreased compared to the control group after the implementation of mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral counseling (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of MBCT based cognitive behavioral counseling in reducing pregnancy related concerns among Nulliparous adolescents, the use of this method by midwives in healthcare centers is recommended.
Keywords: Counseling, anxiety, Nulliparous adolescent, pregnancy, mindfulness
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