Psychology
Fatemeh Azizi Ganjehei; Isaac Rahimian Boogar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 April 2024
Abstract
Background: Adjustment disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, and it is important to determine the factors involved in it. This study investigated the predictive role of individual, social, and psychological determinants in adjustment disorder.
Materials and Methods: The current research ...
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Background: Adjustment disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, and it is important to determine the factors involved in it. This study investigated the predictive role of individual, social, and psychological determinants in adjustment disorder.
Materials and Methods: The current research design is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research includes 402 people living in Tehran, who were selected through the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ), Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), Fear of Covid-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) was collected and analyzed using SPSS-26 software with multiple linear regression analysis in a stepwise method.
Results: The results of the correlation test showed a significant relationship between predicting variables of fear of infected by Covid-19, perceived social support, resilience, and marital status with adjustment disorder, and the results of multiple linear regression showed that adjustment disorder was explained by the highest contribution of resilience variables (0.220). β=-, P=0.000), perceived social support (β=-0.153, P=0.003), fear of infected by Corona (β=0.150, P=0.002) and status Marriage was (β=0.109, P=0.031).
Conclusion: Resilience, perceived social support, fear of infected by COVID-19 and marital status play a role in adjustment disorder and can explain the variability of adjustment disorder. As a result, it seems important to consider these variables in people with adjustment disorder.
immunology & Biochemistry
Mohammad Shafi Mojadadi; Nastaran Zakeralhosseini; Azam Khosrogerdi; Mostafa Roshanzadeh; Ali Taj
Volume 31, Issue 1 , March and April 2024, , Pages 13-20
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus epidemic has caused a lot of confusion and tension in the health, economic, and political systems of the world, and its impact on society has led the governments' policy to support the production of drugs and related vaccines, Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate ...
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Introduction: The coronavirus epidemic has caused a lot of confusion and tension in the health, economic, and political systems of the world, and its impact on society has led the governments' policy to support the production of drugs and related vaccines, Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the findings of vaccination of people infected with covid-19 hospitalized in Vasei Sabzevar Hospital in 2022.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the year 2022 at Sabzevar city. 3686 people were included in the study by available sampling method. Information was extracted from Sib system using a demographics questionnaire and checklist and analyzed with SPSS 26 software.
Results: The results showed that %64.7 people had not been vaccinated. The number of hospitalized unvaccinated people was about 1.8 times the number of vaccinated people. There was no significant difference between the number of hospitalized men and women according to the vaccination status (P=.38), although there was a significant difference in the age of people (P=.001). The frequency of diabetes was higher in the vaccinated population. There was no significant difference between the number of hospitalized men and women in terms of the number of doses received (p=0.23). Also, the mortality rate in non-vaccinated people was significantly higher and this difference was significant (P=0.017).
Conclusion: Vaccination reduces mortality and hospitalization rates, so encouraging this and proper planning to prepare vaccines in similar critical situations is recommended.
Nursing
Ziba Raisi Dehkordi; Hadis Sourinejad; Elham Adib Moghaddam; Masoumeh Rahimi; Shahriyar Salehi Tali
Volume 30, Issue 5 , November and December 2023, , Pages 561-572
Abstract
Background: Preparation for a crisis is necessary. The experiences of nursing and midwifery professors and students involved in the Covid-19 pandemic have helped us clarify and better prepare for future crises, particularly for biological crises. Therefore, the present research aimed to explore the views ...
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Background: Preparation for a crisis is necessary. The experiences of nursing and midwifery professors and students involved in the Covid-19 pandemic have helped us clarify and better prepare for future crises, particularly for biological crises. Therefore, the present research aimed to explore the views and experiences of nursing and midwifery instructors and students regarding in-hospital crisis management during the Covid-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, data collection was done using semi-structured interviews with 14 nursing and midwifery instructors and students with experience in caring for coronavirus patients during the covid-19 pandemic; data analysis was conducted according to the conventional content analysis approach.Results: The analysis of the interviews was accompanied by 425 inference codes, which finally ended in 9 categories and 3 main categories after merging the repeated cases (integrated management, professional ethics and development of specialized knowledge).Conclusion: In order to prepare for biological crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the cooperation of various organizations is necessary for a more proper management of the situation. It is also necessary for health managers to recruit workers after assessing the severity of the crisis, and to help them develop their knowledge and skills with evidence-based training, while sticking to the principles of professional ethics, and paying special attention to maintaining and improving the mental health of the workers.
Nursing
Bita Koushki; Zohreh Mohamadzadeh Tabrizi; elham navipour; arezoo davarinia
Volume 30, Issue 5 , November and December 2023, , Pages 596-608
Abstract
Background: Covid-19 has become one of the most important challenges to health care systems, causing various complications and death in severe cases. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the complications of the Covid-19 disease in patients admitted to 16-hour centers ...
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Background: Covid-19 has become one of the most important challenges to health care systems, causing various complications and death in severe cases. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the complications of the Covid-19 disease in patients admitted to 16-hour centers in Sabzevar, Iran.Materials and Methods: The current research is descriptive-analytical, which investigated 220 patients selected by random sampling from among those admitted to the 16-hour centers for Covid-19 in 2022. After recording the patients’ information, verbal consent was obtained from them to join the study. Four weeks after the PCR test, they were asked some questions over the phone by a trained researcher and the questionnaires were instantly completed.Results: The results of the study showed that the remaining symptoms after recovery in the participants are physical fatigue (27.3%), weakness (14.1%), cough (23.6%), diarrhea (2.7%), mental fatigue (9.1%), anxiety (5%) and others. There was a statistically significant relationship between gender and residual complications from the Covid-19 disease. But there was no significant relationship between the recovery rate and anxiety symptoms such as restlessness and heart palpitation. Also, 40.5% of the patients had full recovery, 51.8% had moderate recovery and 0.9% had poor recovery.Conclusion: Patients with Covid-19 disease may recover from the disease but will face clinical manifestations and psychological disorders. Remote follow-up based on a telephone call program can be very useful in the management of recovered patients by establishing simple communication between patients and therapists.
Nursing
Narjes Heshmatifar; fatemeh borzoee; sara ahmadi; arezoo davarinia; zohreh mohamadzadeh tabrizi; mohammad hosein zadeh hesari
Volume 30, Issue 3 , September and October 2023, , Pages 325-335
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus is an infectious disease that is faced by the large nursing community today, especially nurses working in the intensive care unit. Along with other job stressors in the nursing profession, the nature of this disease has affected the quality of Work Life (QWL) of nurses. Therefore, ...
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Introduction: Coronavirus is an infectious disease that is faced by the large nursing community today, especially nurses working in the intensive care unit. Along with other job stressors in the nursing profession, the nature of this disease has affected the quality of Work Life (QWL) of nurses. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Benson relaxation on nurses' QWL in caring for Covid 19 patients.Materials and Methods: This study was a two-group clinical trial. The research units included 62 nurses working in the intensive care units of Vasi Sabzevar Hospital, who were divided into two Benson sedation and control groups by census method and random assignment in 2019. The intervention group performed relaxation exercises twice a week for one month and each time for 20 minutes. Data collection was done through WRQoL-2 quality of work-life questionnaire. The data was analyzed by spss-16 software.Results: The mean score of QWL of all nurses before the intervention in the crisis conditions was 53±4.4 which is at the low quality of life levels. The quality of life of intensive care nurses increased after Benson relaxation compared to the control group (p <0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that Benson relaxation increases the QWL in nurses in the face of Covid-19 patients, so it is suggested that nursing managers while using relaxation techniques, by creating a calm work environment and Low stress conditions provide the active participation of nurses to achieve the goals of the health system.
Educational
asiyeh namazi; Marzieh Masjoudi
Volume 30, Issue 1 , May and June 2023, , Pages 51-63
Abstract
Introduction: The covid-19 pandemic caused many changes in the educational methods of the country's universities, and many educational institutions created and launched virtual classes or developed their traditional systems. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the satisfaction of ...
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Introduction: The covid-19 pandemic caused many changes in the educational methods of the country's universities, and many educational institutions created and launched virtual classes or developed their traditional systems. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the satisfaction of virtual education and its relationship with academic enthusiasm in the students of the Azad University of Rasht during this pandemic.Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which 425 students were in two medical and non-medical sciences groups by stratified random sampling and completed a self-report questionnaire on satisfaction with virtual education and Fredericks' academic enthusiasm. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, an independent t-test, one-way variance, and Pearson's correlation.Results: The average score obtained from the satisfaction scale was 78.70±22.89 and academic enthusiasm was 51.12±11.58. The least satisfaction was found in the medical sciences group and also their academic enthusiasm was reported to be lower than others. The level of satisfaction with the virtual education method was higher among non-native and graduate students than among other students. Also, a statistically significant correlation was observed between the satisfaction score and the academic enthusiasm of students (p=0.004).Conclusion: Considering the importance of academic enthusiasm, especially in the fields of medical sciences, which work by saving people's lives, there is a need to empower and train the skills of using virtual education to increase the satisfaction and proper communication between professors and students to improve the situation of creating caused by the epidemic.
Educational
Fatemeh Gholami; Nematullah Shomoossi; ABDURRASHID KHAZAEI FEIZABAD; Farahnaz Yousefi
Volume 30, Issue 1 , May and June 2023, , Pages 78-87
Abstract
Introduction: Following the announcement of Covid-19 as a pandemic. High authorities of world health systems including the Minister of Health in Iran shared their findings and achievements with public through media. The present qualitative study aimed at analyzing the news reports of the minister of ...
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Introduction: Following the announcement of Covid-19 as a pandemic. High authorities of world health systems including the Minister of Health in Iran shared their findings and achievements with public through media. The present qualitative study aimed at analyzing the news reports of the minister of Health on Covid-19 focusing on word collocation and discourse and communicative strategies.Materials and Methods: This review study was conducted on news reports released from December 11, 2019 till January 20, 2021 (end of the third rise) on Mehr News Agency. The extracted data were chronologically ordered in 316 reports (155800). Then the frequency of the related expressions was checked. The themes were extracted in following six steps using Clark and Braun Model (2013): familiarity with data, encoding, searching the themes, reviewing the themes, introducing and naming the themes, and finally rounding out and writing the final analysis.Results: The concepts were put in nine categories: clarifying the duties of the Health Ministry, assignment for people, uniting the public forces, hope creation, focusing on the ideological foundations, expressing virtual education methods, using metaphors, expressing international dimensions, and using emotional devices.Conclusion: The extracted concepts show the efforts of the Iranian Corona National Headquarters to clarify the issue, attract the public cooperation and accompaniment.
Nursing
zohre mohamadzade tabrizi; aliasghar jesmi; fatemeh borzoee; Narjes Heshmatifar; elham navipour; arezoo davarinia
Volume 29, Issue 5 , November and December 2022, , Pages 616-626
Abstract
Introduction: In relation to mental health, self-efficacy indicates that a person with high Self-efficacy has the ability to change their negative mental states, in other words, strong self-efficacy beliefs bring peace and can be an appropriate predictor for mental health. Therefore, the current research ...
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Introduction: In relation to mental health, self-efficacy indicates that a person with high Self-efficacy has the ability to change their negative mental states, in other words, strong self-efficacy beliefs bring peace and can be an appropriate predictor for mental health. Therefore, the current research was conducted to investigate the effect of virtual training of relaxation methods on self-efficacy and mental health of medical students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences during the outbreak of the Covid 19.Materials and Methods: The present study is an intervention type that was conducted by random method based on double replacement blocks in 2019 on 26 samples (14 in the intervention and 12 in the control group) from undergraduate students of anesthesiology and operating room. The criteria for entering the study included not suffering from mental disorders and taking psychoactive drugs, as well as willingness to participate in the study. Checklist of demographic characteristics and standard questionnaires of mental health and self-efficacy were completed in both groups before and after the intervention.Results: The results of the study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between self-efficacy (P-Value >0/05) and mental health (P-Value >0/05) of students in both groups before and after the intervention.Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that Benson's relaxation technique had no effect on students' self-efficacy and mental health, so other relaxation methods can be used.
Nursing
Zahra Abedini; Maryam Saeedi
Volume 29, Issue 3 , September and October 2022, , Pages 369-378
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has created the most health challenge in the recent years. Understanding the symptoms is important in the recognition of severity of disease and identification of its palliative factors. Spiritual health is known an important factor in reducing distress of patients, ...
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has created the most health challenge in the recent years. Understanding the symptoms is important in the recognition of severity of disease and identification of its palliative factors. Spiritual health is known an important factor in reducing distress of patients, this study was designed to determine the relationship between spiritual health and symptoms of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic.
Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a cross-sectional design to select COVID-19 patients of a special hospital in Qom. Convenience sampling was carried out during the May– June 2020. Participants were asked to fill out the demographic questionnaire. The spiritual health and symptoms of patients were measured using the Paloutzain and Ellison Spiritual Health and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scales respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA was conducted to data analysis.
Results: The findings demonstrated that most of the participants had high-average levels of spiritual health 70.14 (2.96) and average levels of symptoms 60.79(21.07). Spiritual health were negatively correlated with lack of Well-being (r= -.131, p < .05) and Anxious symptoms (r=-.115, p < .05). Religious health was correlated with Anxious symptoms (r= -.109, p < .05) and Drowsy (r= -.114, p < .05) and lack of Well-being (r= -.115, p < .05).
Conclusion: This research confirmed the relationship of Spiritual health with some symptoms. Single patients and older adults had higher levels of symptoms and their management is a priority during the pandemic.
Occupational Health
Akbar Ahmadi Asour; Fatemeh Fasih Ramndi
Volume 28, Issue 5 , November and December 2021, , Pages 634-649
Abstract
Introduction: Emerging Covid-19 disease has been described as an occupational disease especially for healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors affecting the prevalence of Covid-19 disease in healthcare workers (HCWs).
Materials and Methods: In this review ...
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Introduction: Emerging Covid-19 disease has been described as an occupational disease especially for healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors affecting the prevalence of Covid-19 disease in healthcare workers (HCWs).
Materials and Methods: In this review study, indexed studies from December 2019 to January 2021 with the keywords such as Covid-19, Coronavirus, Healthcare and Risk Factor were searched in the electronic databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Based on the search results 22 studies were included in the study.
Results: The risk factors for the outbreak of this disease among HCWs can be divided into 5 groups, including psychological, underlying, occupational, social and disease transmission risk factors. HCWs, as a high-risk group, in direct or indirect exposure to patients or infectious substances, they have a large share in transmitting the disease to others. For example, the probability of transmission from physicians to family members is 20.8% and to others is estimated at 25%. An important factor in the transmission of the disease is distance. Distances <20 cm in routine examinations and <5 cm in detailed examinations by physicians provide the potential for high transmission of the disease to ophthalmologists. Age, lack of hand care, comorbidities and autoimmunity, poor sleep quality, work stress, lack of PPE, workload and close contact to COVID-19 disease have been identified as risk factors for the transmission the disease.
Conclusion: HCWs, can by observing health tips and educating patients, will play an important role in controlling COVID-19 disease.
Internal Medicine
hassan Ramshini; afsaneh kaffash
Volume 27, Issue 6 , January and February 2021, , Pages 852-859
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has become the current health concern to the entire world. Initially appeared in Wuhan, China around December 2019, it spread to almost 216 countries due to its high contagious nature, so the World ...
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Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has become the current health concern to the entire world. Initially appeared in Wuhan, China around December 2019, it spread to almost 216 countries due to its high contagious nature, so the World Health Organization recently declared the pandemic feature of the infection. SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) which is genetically similar to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an enveloped, single and positive-stranded RNA virus with a genome comprising 29,891 nucleotides, which encode the 12 putative open reading frames responsible for the synthesis of viral structural and nonstructural proteins which are very similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV proteins. Currently, there are no approved treatments for COVID-19. For this reason, we reviewed existing publications about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatments. Materials and Methods: Given the various investigations on the Virus (15928 publications in MEDLINE database, Until May 26, 2020) and various clinical data generated by the large number of laboratories, clinicians need accurate evidence regarding effective medical treatments for this infection. In this review, MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles. Results: Since the emergence of COVID-19 infection there was a large interest in the development of an effective therapy for this disease. In this review, we summarized the available literature on possible therapeutic options including in vitro, animal and human studies. This review has presented a picture of the current findings on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and prevention of COVID-19. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic represents the world's biggest public health crisis. Clinical trials that have begun to look for potential treatments for COVID-19 are very high, but unfortunately have not yet led to the development of an effective drug. Thus, to overcome on this crisis preventive and coordinated emergency measures between all countries are needed.
Microbiology
Mahdieh Emadi; Javid Taghinejad; Ayda Ghaffarzadeh
Volume 27, Issue 5 , November and December 2020, , Pages 614-619
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus that can be transmitted from person to person through close contact. The aim of the present study is to investigate new information in the field of COVID-19 immunology. Materials and Methods: The present ...
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Introduction: COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus that can be transmitted from person to person through close contact. The aim of the present study is to investigate new information in the field of COVID-19 immunology. Materials and Methods: The present study uses Google and Google Scholar search engines and articles indexed by reputable international scientific databases including Pub Med, MedLine, and the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, published articles about COVID-19 and field of immunology were reviewed, and articles that did not have free access (Open Acess) and only access to abstracts were excluded from the study. Results: In total, studies have been suggested that the amount of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-7, IL-2, G-CSF, and TNF-α has been reported at high levels in patients. The ACE2 receptor is the target receptor for the Covid-19 virus, which binds to it after entering the lungs then IFN-I inhibit the primary replication and inhibition of the virus. Conclusion: After reviewing the articles, it was found that strengthening the immune system against viral infections is very important. The virus weakens the immune system by disrupting the production of type I interferon and reducing expression in the production of MHC-I, II. One of the best ways to fight COVID-19 is to get the right vaccine to boost immune system and produce T cells and cytokines.
Gyneocology
farzaneh rahimi; shadi goli
Volume 27, Issue 4 , November and December 2020, , Pages 522-531
Abstract
Introduction: Emerging infections have a great impact on the health of pregnant mothers and their fetuses. Due to the importance of contracting this virus during pregnancy and due to the emergence of this virus and the limited number of studies on the consequences of contracting this disease during pregnancy, ...
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Introduction: Emerging infections have a great impact on the health of pregnant mothers and their fetuses. Due to the importance of contracting this virus during pregnancy and due to the emergence of this virus and the limited number of studies on the consequences of contracting this disease during pregnancy, this review study aims to summarize the reported studies on covid-19 infection. Performed during pregnancy and childbirth.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a review of all studies conducted in English on covd-19 in pregnancy and childbirth from 2019 to March 2020, in the databases Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane, and keywords covid-19, sars-cov-2, coronavirus-2019, 2019-ncov, pregnancy, delivery.
Results: In these studies, a total of 103 pregnant mothers with covid-19 and their maternal and neonatal outcome and the incidence of infants of mothers with covid-19 were studied. Most of the studies reported in different cities of China were. Pregnant mothers have been examined.
Conclusion: Based on the reported findings, vertical transmission of mother to fetus has not been reported so far and maternal and neonatal outcome have been reported in all well-studied studies, all samples of amniotic fluid, placenta, breast milk and vaginal discharge samples based on studies. COVID-19 was negative and no maternal deaths were reported at the time of this study. Currently, due to the lack of effective treatment and vaccines, the best way to deal with this disease is to avoid infection and prevent its spread through protective measures and personal hygiene.