MR KHAN MOHAMMADI; M SAMAVI; GH.R HASANZADEH; B RAJABLOO
Volume 12, Issue 1 , March and April 2005, , Pages 11-14
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Determination of the effect of an expensive and non-absorbable element named as gold on spermatogenesis can justify the reason for its being religiously unlawful for men.
Materials and Methods: 36 male Rats were divided into three groups. After the animals were made anesthetized, ...
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Background and Purpose: Determination of the effect of an expensive and non-absorbable element named as gold on spermatogenesis can justify the reason for its being religiously unlawful for men.
Materials and Methods: 36 male Rats were divided into three groups. After the animals were made anesthetized, at the back of neck of group I, a piece of gold measuring 2x1 cm and similarly non-absorbable plastic was attached to the back of neck of second group. Neither a metal nor anything was placed on the third group. Place of cut was sutured. After first and third months, animals were made anesthetised and specimens were taken from testis and were stained with H&E staining and were examined for the structure of seminiferous tubules with the help of image tool-2 software.
Results: There was no significant change in the somniferous tubules or interstitial tissue of all three groups were found.
Conclusion: Probably gold in not unlawful for its organic effect but might be prohibited as an ornamenful object for men.
Mikhtar Mokhtari; Mehrdad Shariati; Sadaf Rastegar
Volume 16, Issue 1 , March and April 2009, , Pages 12-17
Abstract
Background and Purpose: While aloe vera has the capability of reducing libido regulating menstruation and being widely used there is scarce information on the effect of its alcoholic extract on the functions of pituitary-gonad axis. Therefore the present study aims at investigating the effect of Aloe ...
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Background and Purpose: While aloe vera has the capability of reducing libido regulating menstruation and being widely used there is scarce information on the effect of its alcoholic extract on the functions of pituitary-gonad axis. Therefore the present study aims at investigating the effect of Aloe vera alcoholic extract on spermatogenesis in male rat. Methods and Materials: In this experimental; study 45 male Wistar rats were divided in to five groups including 1 control 1 sham and three experimental groups. Each rat in the experimental groups was treated orally with 50 100 and 150 (mg/kg) doses of Aloe vera alcoholic extract for twenty one days after the extract was prepared via percolation. The sham group received distilled water and alcohol; while control rats received nothing. After twenty one days blood samples were taken from each group directly from ventricles. Blood samples were used to measure the concentration changes of LH FSH and testosterone hormones. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using Tukey test and LSD. Results: Concentrations of FSH in the average and maximum experimental groups (2.963.51 and 2.154.85 respectively) significantly reduced in comparison with the control group (3.112.16). Also concentrations of testosterone in the average and maximum experimental groups (6.183.41 and 3.925.27 respectively) significantly reduced in comparison with the control group (6.857.19). However no significant changes were observed in the concentrations of LH across experimental and control groups. Conclusion: Based on the results Aloe vera extract probably has anti-gonadotropin and antiandrogenic characteristics because of beta-sitosterol ascorbic acid P-coumaric acid coumarin and aloe emodin. It can cause disorders in the secretion of gonadotropin hormone (FSH) and testosterone.
Zeynab Amiri; Mehrdad Modaresi
Volume 18, Issue 1 , March and April 2011, , Pages 13-20
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Oxcarbazepine is a widely used novel antiepileptic drug. In vitro electrophysiologic studies indicate that oxcarbazepine can block voltage-sensitive sodium channels، enhance the functioning of the neural membranes، and inhibit the propagation of synaptic impulses. It is also ...
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Background and Purpose: Oxcarbazepine is a widely used novel antiepileptic drug. In vitro electrophysiologic studies indicate that oxcarbazepine can block voltage-sensitive sodium channels، enhance the functioning of the neural membranes، and inhibit the propagation of synaptic impulses. It is also necessary to investigate the effect of oxcarbazepine on sex hormones because of its effects on the nervous system and the close neuro-hormonal association of this system with reproduction. In this research، the effect of oxcarbazepine was studied on the amount LH، FSH، testosterone Hormones and male reproductive physiology.
Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental research involved 40 adult male volunteers aging from 25 to 45 years old. They suffered from epilepsy and were selected from those admitted to the neurological clinics of Shiraz، Iran، and were assigned into four groups of 10: Control group receiving no materials، and experimental groups receiving 150، 300، and 600 mg/day oxcarbazepine as oral tablets for 30 days. The study was conducted upon the permit of the ethics committee and after the informed consent was signed by the participants. After the termination of this period، the levels of LH، FSH، and testosterone Hormones in the blood were measured. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using Tukey، Duncan tests and ANOVA.
Results: According to the findings، plasma concentration of LH showed a significant increase (p
Mostafa Sadeghi; AliReza Saliminai; Ali movafegh
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 13-20
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Use of intrathecal opioids causes an increase in the block depth of anesthetics and duration of analgesia. Intrathecal opioids are associated with side effects such as itching, nausea and vomiting. However, the use of NSAIDs reduces itching induced by intrathecal opioids. Therefore, ...
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Background and Purpose: Use of intrathecal opioids causes an increase in the block depth of anesthetics and duration of analgesia. Intrathecal opioids are associated with side effects such as itching, nausea and vomiting. However, the use of NSAIDs reduces itching induced by intrathecal opioids. Therefore, the present study intends to determine and compare the effects of nanogram celecoxib on reducing the incidence and intensity of intrathecal meperidine-induced pruritus. Methods and Materials: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients undergoing caesarean section. Patients were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 25ng/kg or 100ng/kg celecoxib and the control group received oral placebo. Patients under spinal anesthesia received meperidine 10mg with intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5%. Then, pruritus was assessed 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery, and were recorded by scoring criteria. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using one-way ANOVA, chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Values below 5% were considered significant. Results: The difference of the two groups in their age, weight and oral intake was not significant (confidence interval 95%). The incidence of itching in the experimental groups of 25ng/kg (p=0.049) or 100ng/kg celecoxib (p=0.001) in 0 and 2 hours after surgery were significantly lower than the control group; also, the intensity of itching 2 hours after surgery was significantly lower then the control group (p=0.001). Conclusion: Nanogram doses of Celecoxib can be used for reducing the incidence and intensity of meperidine induced pruritus.
M TAHERI; AA DADGAR; MH NAJAFI; M RADVAR
Volume 11, Issue 4 , January and February 2005, , Pages 13-21
Abstract
Purpose: Nifedipine is a calcium blocking agent of the dihydropyridine group widely used as a vasodilating agent for the treatment of hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Gingival enlargement is a known side effect of nifedipine use. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of periodontal ...
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Purpose: Nifedipine is a calcium blocking agent of the dihydropyridine group widely used as a vasodilating agent for the treatment of hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Gingival enlargement is a known side effect of nifedipine use. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and gingival enlargement in nifedipine treatment patients.
Methods and Material: In a cross sectional study data from 16 patients taking nifedipine were compared with those of 20 patients with cardiac disorder who had not been treated with nifedipine. All patients were examined for the presence of periodontal disease and gingival enlargement using 3 different indices: Periodontal index (Russel), Plaque index (Silness and Loe) and gingival overgrowth index (GO) (Miller and Damm).
Results: Between the nifedipine and control groups, there was no significant difference for age, sex, PI (Russel), and PI (Silness & Loe). But prevalence of gingival overgrowth and its severity were greater in the anterior and inferior teeth in the nifedipine group (P=0.05). Prevalence of clinically significant overgrowth related to chronic medication with nifedipine is low.
Conclusion: Severity of hyperplasia induced by nifedipine directly depended on the level of education and oral hygiene.
GH.R DASHTI; R GOLMOHAMMADI; P VAHEDI
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March and April 2008, , Pages 14-19
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Technological Progress and urbanization have caused lead pollution in air water and earth and higher lead intakes into the body have renal and nervous disorders. Since ascorbic acid acts as a can antioxidant can it reduce the toxic effects of lead in kidneys? In order to answer ...
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Background and Purpose: Technological Progress and urbanization have caused lead pollution in air water and earth and higher lead intakes into the body have renal and nervous disorders. Since ascorbic acid acts as a can antioxidant can it reduce the toxic effects of lead in kidneys? In order to answer this question this study was designed to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic effects of ascorbic acid on the kidney of male rabbits exposed to lead.
Methods and Materials: This experimental research was conducted on 40 white male rabbits at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Iran. After adapting to the new environment rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups of ten: a control group exclusive ascorbic acid group exclusive lead group and the fourth group receiving both lead and ascorbic acid. After a 40-day diet they were anaesthetized by pentobarbital and their kidneys were extracted. Tissue processing was conducted after kidneys were weighed and measured. Also five-micron sections were prepared through serial sections stained with H&E. The slides were studied using a light microscope. ANOVA and t-test were used in data analysis.
Results: Mean weight and dimension of the Kidneys were not significantly different across the four groups. Proximal convoluted tubules were observed in the exclusive lead group but not in other three groups.
Conclusion: Ascorbic acid was effective in reducing the toxic effects of lead on kidney tissues.
A MAKHLOGH; M JAMSHIDI; V MOKHBERI
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March and April 2006, , Pages 14-18
Abstract
Background and purpose: Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients. As adequate amount of carnation is essential for fatty acids metabolism and prevention of hyperlipidemia, This research was conducted to study the effect of carnitine on serum lipids ...
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Background and purpose: Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients. As adequate amount of carnation is essential for fatty acids metabolism and prevention of hyperlipidemia, This research was conducted to study the effect of carnitine on serum lipids in hemodialysis patients.
Methods and Materials: 20 patients with at least 3 months hemodialysis duration participated in this double-blind clinical trial. Randomly and equally, they were divided into two (case and control) groups. Cases received 1g carnitine and controls received placebo daily. Cholesterol and Triglyceride levels were measured prior to the study as well as 3 and 6 months after administration. SPSS package and ANOVA, t-test and chi-squre tests were used far analysis.
Results: There were not significant difference in mean of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in two groups as well as in repeated measurements. Also, no significaut changes were observed in each group 3 and 6 months after administration.
Conclusion: Carnitine did not have any effect on serum lipids in hemodialysis patients.
L YEKEH FALLAH
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January and February 2006, , Pages 14-19
Abstract
Background and purpose: Many researches have indicated that physical exercise can improve the pulmonary function and play a paramount role in enhancing the quality of life in asthmatic patients by reducing the symptoms of asthma and shortness of breath through mechanisms such as strengthened respiratory ...
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Background and purpose: Many researches have indicated that physical exercise can improve the pulmonary function and play a paramount role in enhancing the quality of life in asthmatic patients by reducing the symptoms of asthma and shortness of breath through mechanisms such as strengthened respiratory muscles, decreased hospitalization and decreased consumption of bronchodilators. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of physical exercises on the pulmonary function and quality of life in asthmatic patients.
Methods and Materials: In this single-group, pre test–posttest quasi-experimental study, 21 asthmatic adults referring to Alzahra Clinic in Isfahan, Iran were selected by purposive sampling. Standard Quality of life questionnaire and spirometry test were used for data collection. The physical exercise program was given for four weeks three times a week, each session lasting 45 minutes under direct supervision of the researcher in three phases: waming up, exercises and cooling down. Before and after the four-week period, the questionnaire was completed and spirometry was conducted. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used in SPSS for data analysis.
Results: A significant increase was observed in the mean score of quality of life in respiratory condition (P=0.0001), mood function (p=0.0001), physical performance (p=0.0001), social performance (p=0.0001) and general perception of health in asthmatic patients (p=0.0001) after the physical exercise program was completed. Also, PEF mean was increased after treatment (p
J MALEKZADEH
Volume 12, Issue 2 , July and August 2005, , Pages 14-19
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Arterial blood gases measurement are the most frequently performed blood test in ICU. Sodium Heparin, which is vastly used as an anticoagulant in analyzing blood gases, Causes different densities of heparin in blood samples which in turn changes the test results when samples are ...
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Background and Purpose: Arterial blood gases measurement are the most frequently performed blood test in ICU. Sodium Heparin, which is vastly used as an anticoagulant in analyzing blood gases, Causes different densities of heparin in blood samples which in turn changes the test results when samples are of various volumes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of heparin density on the arterial blood gases.
Methods and Materials: This experimental study was doue on 30 arterial blood samples with three groups of 7.5% , 15% and 30% volume of heparin to blood sample (heparinized with 1cc=5000 u) and a control group (120 samples) heparinized with 1cc=1000 u.
Results: No significant change was found in the changes by ABG parameters to the density of 75 ou per- 1cc of blood but it was significant in the density of 1500 unit per 1cc of blood in most measured parameters.
Conclusion: According to the findings, it is suggested that, in order to reduce the error, in sampling the arterial blood gases the amount of the blood drawn into syringes after heparinizing must be more than 10 times the amount of residual heparin in syringes. In other words, if heparin amounts to 75-375u in 1cc of blood, the density of heparin will not affect the results of arterial blood gases.
Ali Moghimi; Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh; Seyyed Mehdi Beheshti Nasr
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March and April 2012, , Pages 14-25
Abstract
Background: Minocycline is an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, its neuroprotective effects have been shown. Since there is interaction between cell death and seizure, the aim of this study is examination of the role of minocycline on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat.
Materials and ...
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Background: Minocycline is an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, its neuroprotective effects have been shown. Since there is interaction between cell death and seizure, the aim of this study is examination of the role of minocycline on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, three groups of animals (18 rats), after stereotaxic surgery and 1-week recovery period, received twice daily kindling stimulations. In fully kindled animals of groups 1-3, minocycline was injected intraperitoneally in doses 12.5 (n = 7), 25 (n = 5) and 50 (n = 6) mg/kg, respectively, 60 minutes before stimulation. Afterdischarge duration (ADD), stage 4 latency (S4L), Stage 5 Duration (S5D) and Seizure Duration (SD) were recorded and compared with related control groups (the same animals that had received saline 1 day before). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to represent a significant difference.
Results: In fully kindled animals who had received minocycline (50 and 25 mg/kg), ADD decreased significantly. When minocycline was delivered, S5D decreased 38.3% (p < 0.001), 34% (p
H ESMAEILI; M KORDI; A MANSOURI; F NAZARI
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March and April 2007, , Pages 15-22
Abstract
Background and purpose: Attention to labor pain and its sedation are important parts of maternity care. Mother positioning seems to be effective in pain intensity and positions that women choose in order to become more comfortable are often those that tend to promote the baby's progress through the birth ...
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Background and purpose: Attention to labor pain and its sedation are important parts of maternity care. Mother positioning seems to be effective in pain intensity and positions that women choose in order to become more comfortable are often those that tend to promote the baby's progress through the birth canal.
Women often describe less pain when the fetus and pelvis are better aligned. This study investigated the effects of mother's selected positions on the intensity of several types of pain in the first stage of labor.
Methods and Materials: This is a clinical trial on 68 pregnant women with singleton fetus in vertex presentation, 38-42 weeks gestational age and normal labor progress at Zeinab hospital in Mashad in 2004-5. They were randomly allocated to selective positions group and routine positions group. Mothers in selective positions group changed position as they wished while mothers in routine positions group were cared in bed. Pain intensity of low back and abdomen were measured hourly by visual analog scale. Data were gathered by using forms of interview and observation, and visual analog scale and analyzed in SPSS using Student ttest, Chi-square, Mann-whitney and Fisher's exact test.
Results: Scores of total pain (average of low back pain and abdominal pain) and low back pain were significantly lower for the selective positions group than those for the routine positions group (p=0.007 and p
S NAGHIBI
Volume 12, Issue 1 , March and April 2005, , Pages 15-19
Abstract
Background and purpose: Brain tumors represent 10% of primary neoplasms of the central nervous systems. Great achievements have been made today using CT-Scan in diagnosis such tumors.
Methods and materials: This analytical prospective research was conducted in two hospitals in Mashad on 50 patients ...
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Background and purpose: Brain tumors represent 10% of primary neoplasms of the central nervous systems. Great achievements have been made today using CT-Scan in diagnosis such tumors.
Methods and materials: This analytical prospective research was conducted in two hospitals in Mashad on 50 patients with primary diagnosis of brain tumors. All Ct- scans were interpreted by the same radiologist. The interpretations were compared with postoperative pathological results.
Results: Mean age of the subjects was 41.03±18.8 years, ranging from 6 to 71. Tumors were most common in the 4th, 5th and 7th decade and least common in the first and second decades of life.
Tumor prevalence in biopsy results were GBM (30%), meningioma (18%), asterocytoma (12%), metastasis and hypophyse adenoma (each 6%). Chi-square analysis revealed no significant relationship between the type of tumors and sufferer's sex.
Conclusion: The Findings indicated that CT- Scan is of high diagnostic value in diagnosing large tumors and that they are consistent with Pathological results in 68% of the cases.
AM HASANZADEH; SM MOOSAVI TAKIEH; SR MAZLOOM
Volume 11, Issue 3 , September and October 2004, , Pages 15-20
Abstract
Postoperative Shivering, reported to be of up to 66% prevalence, can cause serions complications such as over consumption of oxygen , vascular cowstriction, myocardial disorders and cerebral pressure increase. In this study, the effect of oral clonidine on postoperative shivering has been studied. 86 ...
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Postoperative Shivering, reported to be of up to 66% prevalence, can cause serions complications such as over consumption of oxygen , vascular cowstriction, myocardial disorders and cerebral pressure increase. In this study, the effect of oral clonidine on postoperative shivering has been studied. 86 patients of class I and II surgery were randomly assigned into clonidine and placebo groups in this clinical trial. The former received 5 g/kg oral clonidine 90 to 120 minutes prior to surgery and the latter received similar pills with no clonidine. Anaesthesia was the same. The patients were observed at recovery for their shivering. The results indicated that the two groups were homogeneous across their age, sex, BMI, type and duration of surgery, bp and body temperaturye. Postoperative shivering in placebo group was 24.1% while it was reduced to 6.3% in the Clonidine group. Therefore, oral Clonidine is Recommended as a supplement to pre - and Post operative caregivings in order to decrease shivering and its complications.
Keramt Noori Jaliani; Hojat Zerati; Kazem Mohammad; Mohaammadhasan Rakhshani; Hasan Hashemi; Akbar Fotohi
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March and April 2013, , Pages 15-24
Abstract
Background: To determine the familial aggregation, Co-aggregation and within person association of myopia and four phenotypes of astigmatism by a conditional model in Tehran Eye Study.
Materials and Methods: Myopia, Total, ATR, WTR and oblique astigmatism were studied through a population based, cross ...
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Background: To determine the familial aggregation, Co-aggregation and within person association of myopia and four phenotypes of astigmatism by a conditional model in Tehran Eye Study.
Materials and Methods: Myopia, Total, ATR, WTR and oblique astigmatism were studied through a population based, cross sectional study in 1326 siblings older than 5 years from 531 families with 2-4 siblings using stratified cluster random sampling from August to December 2002 in Tehran Eye Study. Results: Based on the conditional model and via Proc GENMOD SAS 9.1, the conditional odds ratios (95% confidence interval) ,that indicates conditional familial aggregation, for the total, WTR, ATR and oblique astigmatism and myopia were 1.16(1.01-1.33), 1.59(1.17-2.16), 1.77(1.39-2.26), 2.12(1.41-3.19) and 1.96(1.72-2.24), respectively .On the other hand, conditional odds ratios that indicates within person association of two disease, for myopia and WTR, myopia and ATR, myopia and Oblique and at last myopia and total astigmatism were 5.74(3.99-8.17), 3.41(2.01-5.82), 4.6(2.15-9.86) and 6.10(4.76-7.82), respectively. Although no significant familial co-aggregation has been identified. Conclusion: Based on conditional model and after controlling for the confounders, this analysis yielded, a significant aggregation of four phenotypes of astigmatism and myopia, a large within person association and moderate but non-significant co-aggregation of these disorders.
E NOURIZADEH; K GHASEMI GARMI; SK SHAFAGHIASL; N MALOOFI
Volume 12, Issue 3 , September and October 2005, , Pages 17-21
Abstract
Background and purpose: Today it is obvious that helicobacter pylorus is the most common cause of gastritis the world over. However, this organism plays an important part in the development of gastric ulcer and duodenum ulcer in particular. It is the cause of one of the most common infections in the ...
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Background and purpose: Today it is obvious that helicobacter pylorus is the most common cause of gastritis the world over. However, this organism plays an important part in the development of gastric ulcer and duodenum ulcer in particular. It is the cause of one of the most common infections in the world which involves at least half of the population in most communities. This study is therefore intended to study the antimicrobial effects of water and ethanol extracts of tumeric and cinnamon on five strains of helicobacter pylori.
Methods and Materials: Plants selected to act against five strains of Helicobacter pylori were tumeric and cinnamon, the ethanol and water extracts of which were isolated using the agar diffusion method and examined at Shariatee hospital in Tehran, Iran with gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastritis and gastric cancer. The specimens were transferred to the laboratory on transports.
Results: Among the ethanol and water extracts of the plants, tumeric juices had the highest antibacterial effects; the mean inhibitory growth zone diameter for water and ethanol extracts were 22 and 18mm respectively; while, the same figure for cinnamon were 18 and 12mm respectively.
Conclusion: Cinnamon and tumeric are of antibacterial effects and the antibacterial effect of water extracts of tumeric on helicobacter pylori is remarkable. Therefore, further research is recommended to be conducted on the isolated materials of these herbs.
Seyyed Mousa Mahdizadeh; Abbas Heidari; Mohammadreza Ahanchiyan
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 17-27
Abstract
Background: Burnout as multifaceted phenol minions serious issue for many faculty members which, can cause physical and mental diseases. It also can lead to negative attitude to professional activates and reduction of efficacy. This study aimed to assess the level of burnout and its=effect in work environment ...
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Background: Burnout as multifaceted phenol minions serious issue for many faculty members which, can cause physical and mental diseases. It also can lead to negative attitude to professional activates and reduction of efficacy. This study aimed to assess the level of burnout and its=effect in work environment factors on faculty members of nursing schools in Khorasan Razavi.
Methods: For descriptive analytic study, 79 people were selected among nursing faculty members in the nursing school by census. Data were collected by using standard Maslach burnout and work environment index(NWI questionnaires).Using the SPSS software 11.5 we analyzed data in level of α=0.05by the ANOVA, T test.
Results: finding showed 42 patients (%56.8) of the participants were male. Based on Burnout the lack of personal accomplishment (%77),depersonalization(%74/3) and emotional exhaustion showed medium level(%68.9).Significant relationship was between gender and emotional exhaustion (p
Vahid Sari Sarraf; Mehdi Soleimani; Alireza Shamsoddini; Sirvan Atashak; Amir Amini; Behzad Bazgir; Amideddin Khatibi
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 17-26
Abstract
Background: Fibrinogen (Fib) as a separate factor and influencing the risk of Cardiovascular is associated with the development of coronary heart disease. On the other hand, intense exercise increases the rate of early heart attacks. Due to the increased risk of abnormal clotting of blood vessels by ...
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Background: Fibrinogen (Fib) as a separate factor and influencing the risk of Cardiovascular is associated with the development of coronary heart disease. On the other hand, intense exercise increases the rate of early heart attacks. Due to the increased risk of abnormal clotting of blood vessels by intense exercise and the role of fibrinogen in cardiovascular diseases, strategies such as cocoa consumption has become more widespread. Materials and Methods: in a one-group double-blind experimental study, 11 elite male karateka (mean age: 21±2 years; height: 176.96± 3.41 cm) were participated randomly in two consecutive weeks (first week: placebo: six subjects and cocoa: five subjects, second week: placebo: five subjects and cocoa: six subjects) of exhaustive exercise (Bruce). Each athlete, after the first stage of blood sampling, the bottles contained placebo and cocoa into the mg.kg-1 5 will consume and two hours later did the Bruce test. Therefore, each athlete did the test tow order (1- after placebo consumption, 2- after cocoa consumption). Immediately before the test, immediately after and one hour after the test, a blood sample in the second, third and fourth were taken. Differences were examined using a two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures as appropriate. Results: Significant differences in fibrinogen levels during different stages of the cocoa consumption were not observed. These results indicate no effect of cocoa consumption on indicators of fibrinogen (P
Reza Vashegani-Farahani; Abbasali Vafaei; Mitra Emami-Abargouei
Volume 16, Issue 1 , March and April 2009, , Pages 18-24
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Much evidence indicates that Mentha-piperita (MP) is traditionally applied for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and probably reduces smooth muscle contraction and bowel movement. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of MP Hydroalcoholic extract on ...
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Background and Purpose: Much evidence indicates that Mentha-piperita (MP) is traditionally applied for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and probably reduces smooth muscle contraction and bowel movement. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of MP Hydroalcoholic extract on ileum movement in guinea pig ileum in invitro model. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study we used 5 male guinea pigs (200-300 gr). After killing the guinea pigs at least 6 pieces of ileum 2-3 cm long were dissected and established in normal Tyrod solution plus carbogen gas in 37ºC. Then each tissue piece was fixed between two electrodes connected to stimulator apparatus. The contraction of ileum was carried to a physiograph by an isotonic transducer and contractions were recorded. Then solutions with 5 concentrations of MP extract were added to the organ bath during ileum stimulation with stimulator. Then the physiograph recorded the contractions again. At least 6-7 responses were recorded. Result: Findings revealed that addition of Hydroalcoholic extract of MP in concentrations of 5 15 50 150 500 mg/ml during 0.1 Hz stimulation decreased contraction duration in a dose-dependent manner. The percent of these changes were 27% 30.8% 41% 61% and 75% respectively. Activity of 50% of this effect of MP was found to be in the dose of 50 mg/ml (P
H ESMAEILI; A MANSOURI; F NAZARI; M KORDI
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March and April 2006, , Pages 19-26
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Left to their own choice, parturients will usually select positions they find most comfortable and will frequently change their positions over the course of labor. Maternal changing the positions will adjust fetus alignment to pass through the birth canal. Therefore, maternal ...
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Background and Purpose: Left to their own choice, parturients will usually select positions they find most comfortable and will frequently change their positions over the course of labor. Maternal changing the positions will adjust fetus alignment to pass through the birth canal. Therefore, maternal positioning choice will include those positions with maximum comfort and those which improve the descent of the fetus through birth canal and make the labor process progress normally. This study is therefore intended to study the effect of mother's selected positions on the duration of the active phase of the first stage of labor.
Methods and materials: This clinical trial was carried out in 1383-84 (2004-5) at the labor ward of the Hazrate Zeinab (S) hospital in Mashad, Iran. Subjects were 68 low risk pregnant women with gestational age of 38 to 42 weeks, who were randomly assigned into two groups: cases (selective positioning) and controls (routine positioning). In the selective positioning group, mothers changed their positions at wish while mothers in the routine positioning group were given bedside care. Observation and interview checklists were used for data collection, and Student t-test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact test were used for data analysis in SPSS.
Results: Mean duration of the active phase of the first stage of the labor was significantly lower for the selective positioning group (p= 0.002). Mean ± standard deviation were 156.75±66.48 and 207.25±61.04 minutes for the selective and routine positioning groups respectively.
Conclusion: The study indicated that the duration of the active phase of the first stage of the labor was lower in the selective positioning group. Therefore, selective positioning can be advised for parturients to decrease the duration of staying mothers in maternity wards.
M ISAPOUR; AR HAKEMI; K EGHBALI; N DAVAR YARI
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March and April 2008, , Pages 20-25
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Clomiphene is the most common drug for the male idiopathic infertility treatment with different results and no valuable factor ha been suggested for prediction of treatment. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the relationship between early morning total Serum ...
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Background and Purpose: Clomiphene is the most common drug for the male idiopathic infertility treatment with different results and no valuable factor ha been suggested for prediction of treatment. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the relationship between early morning total Serum Testosterone Level (STL) before treatment and post-clomiphene changes in the spermogram.
Methods and Materials: This clinical trial study was conducted on 172 idiopathic infertile men from 2001 to 2006 in Mashad Iran. Demographic and spermogram data were recorded via questionnaires and patients were divided into 6 groups by their pre-treatment STL. Spermogram parameter changes before and after clomiphene therapy were analysed with SPSS software using t-test ANOVA and Fisher’s test.
Results: Mean age of patients was 31 years; and mean Serum Testosterone Level was 361.3ng/dl. After prescribing clomiphene recovery was observed in the spermogram of in 125 patients (72.7%) with Total Serum Testosterone Level of 200-500ng/dl (P£0.031).
Conclusion: Early morning Serum Testosterone Level can be used as a criterion for predicting the efficacy of clomiphene in male idiopathic infertility.
N KHADEM; M KORDI; N BAGHDARI; MT SHAKERI
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January and February 2006, , Pages 20-27
Abstract
Background and purpose: Fetal movement count and non-stress test are simple and non-invasive techniques used as first steps in the assessment of the fetal well-being. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal count of fetal movements and non-stress test.
Methods ...
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Background and purpose: Fetal movement count and non-stress test are simple and non-invasive techniques used as first steps in the assessment of the fetal well-being. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal count of fetal movements and non-stress test.
Methods and materials: This descriptive correlational study was carried out at the Gynecology and Obstetrics ward of the Imamreza Hospital in Mashad, Iran. The sample included 410 non-stress tests and fetal movement counts (205 tests from each group) from 101 high risk mothers in their third trimester. Mothers recorded the fetal movements 30 minutes after breakfast. Active fetus was supposed to have at least 10 movements in 12 hours; otherwise, it was assumed to be inactive. Non-stress test was done at 9:00 pm every night. Biophysical profile was taken whenever the fetus came out to be inactive or non-reactive by either test; then, the results of either test were compared with biophysical profile.
Results: In 86.3% of the recordings, the fetuses were active. Non-stress tests were reactive in 78% and non-reactive in 19%. Reactive non-stress tests were observed in 88% of the active and 114.3% of the inactive fetuses. 85.7% of the inactive fetuses had non-reactive non-stress tests (p=0.0001). A significant relationship was found to exist between the results of maternal count of fetal movements and non-stress test (p=0.0001). Also, a significant relationship existed between the time required to feel 10 movements and non-stress test (p=0.0005). The sensitivity, specificity and the negative predictive value of the test of fetal movements count were 15%, 85% and 93% respectively; corresponding figures for the non-stress test were 93%, 76% and 98% respectively.
Conclusion: In many cases where maternal report was inactive fetus, the result of the non-stress test was reactive. However, the test of fetal movements count is of acceptable specificity and negative predictive value.
R GOLMOHAMMADI; E SHIRZADEH; R KHASHEEI
Volume 12, Issue 2 , July and August 2005, , Pages 20-25
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Rubella is a member of togaviridate viruses, with minor morbidity in children. Rubella infection during pregnancy causes various malformations including congenital cataract. Immunity against it is, therefore, important in girls before marriage and it is recommended in girls without ...
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Background and Purpose: Rubella is a member of togaviridate viruses, with minor morbidity in children. Rubella infection during pregnancy causes various malformations including congenital cataract. Immunity against it is, therefore, important in girls before marriage and it is recommended in girls without antirubella antibody in some countries. This study is intended to determine the anti-rubella immunity in premarriage girls in Sabzevar, Iran.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 186 pre-marriage girls in Sabzevar, Iran to determine serological anti-rubella (IgG and IgM)using ELlSA. NOVUM DIAGNOSTICA Kit was used for tests and SPSS for data analysis.
Results: 172 girls (92.5%) were positive and 14 girls (7.5%) negative, Le. high risk group.152 girls (81.7%) already infected with rubella were now positive and 11 girls (5.9%) negative.
Conclusion: Subjects' age and IgG antibody did not show any significant relationships while a significant relationship was found between exposure to rubella and IgG (p
MR MAHMOUDI; AR ABADI
Volume 12, Issue 1 , March and April 2005, , Pages 20-26
Abstract
Background and purpose: This research is conducted to study the effect of black tea polyphenols on the growth of rats over a short period.
Methods and materials: In a controlled experiment, 10 rats, divided in to two groups, were studied for 38 days. In the first 30 days, they had the same diet but ...
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Background and purpose: This research is conducted to study the effect of black tea polyphenols on the growth of rats over a short period.
Methods and materials: In a controlled experiment, 10 rats, divided in to two groups, were studied for 38 days. In the first 30 days, they had the same diet but in the 8 last days of intervention, experimental rats consumed tea for water. Consumed food, growth rate and FER were measured for each rat. The obtained data, in SPSS, were analyzed using independent and paired t- test.
Results: Mean FER in experimental rats 9 days before intervention was 0.262±0.022, which reduced to 0.176±0.047 after intervention and the difference was significant (P
M SHARIATI; GHA MAMOORI; T KHADIVARZADEH
Volume 11, Issue 3 , September and October 2004, , Pages 20-26
Abstract
This prospective, double - blind clinical trial is intended to study the effect of taking "Shirafza Drop" by mothers on the weight gain of infants up to age of six months. 158 nursing mothers, referring to Mashad Health Clinics and suffering from insufficient breast milk were randomly selected ...
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This prospective, double - blind clinical trial is intended to study the effect of taking "Shirafza Drop" by mothers on the weight gain of infants up to age of six months. 158 nursing mothers, referring to Mashad Health Clinics and suffering from insufficient breast milk were randomly selected for the study and assigned into "Shirafza" and placebo groups. The infants of these mothers did not have a normal development curve despite their exclusive breastfeeding. The control group received placebo or solution of chlorophyl in alcohol; while the "Shirafza" group was given the alcoholic extraction of six milk increasing plants including Foeniculum Volgar, Pimpinella Anisum, Cuminum Cyminum, Nigella Sativa, Anetom Gravolen and Petroselinum Crispum. The drops were given in three separate dosages of 30 drops per day for four weeks. Relevant data were gathered through questionnaires and follow - up forms; their height and weight were also measured. Student t-test and chi-square were utilized to ensure the homogeneity of variables intervening with the infants" weight gain; t - test was used to compare their weight gain. Covariance analysis was also used to study the effects of "shirafza" on the intervening variables. Data aualysis was done in SPSS. No significant differences were found to exist between the mean weight gain of "Shirafza" group (471±322 gr) and control group (554±321gr) at the end of different weeks. However, the comparison of their weight gain in the first and second trimesters (26 gr/day vs. 17 gr/ day respectively) indicated that infants older than 3 months had achieved minimum amount of weight gain.
Aghdas Saadati; Raziyeh Foroutan
Volume 18, Issue 1 , March and April 2011, , Pages 21-25
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Every year 30 million low-birth-weight neonates are born (23.8% of all births)، and the low birth weight is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates (60% -80%) as well as the cause of other complications such as respiratory distress syndrome. Babies with such a syndrome ...
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Background and Purpose: Every year 30 million low-birth-weight neonates are born (23.8% of all births)، and the low birth weight is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates (60% -80%) as well as the cause of other complications such as respiratory distress syndrome. Babies with such a syndrome need mechanical ventilation، where high volume ventilation is associated with vast pulmonary damage. Therefore، for improving the high ventilation in LBW neonates and decreasing the respiratory damages of the ventilator، laying the newborn in a suitable position to increase oxygen saturation can be one way to reduce the neonatal mortality rate. Therefore، the present study was aimed to compare the effects of the prone versus supine positions on the oxygen saturation in mechanically ventilated low birth weight infants.
Methods and Materials: This experimental research was conducted on 40 LBW infants under mechanical ventilation in the NICU of Hakim Hospital in Neyshabour، Iran. The infants were randomly selected; the infants were positioned supine for 2 hours and then prone for 2 hours; then their ABG was controlled separately in the two positions. The two readings were compared. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using descriptive statistics and paired t-test.
Results: The mean birth weight of the infants was 16031±385.3 gr and their gestational age was 34.2±1.9 weeks. The mean oxygen saturation was 87.65 in the supine position and 96.04 in the prone position، which indicated a significant difference (p