Mojgan Mirghaforvand; Mahin Kamalifard; Sakineh Alizadeh Cherandabi; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi; Farzaneh Khodabandeh; Ameneh Mansouri
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 169-179
Abstract
Background: Lack of awareness and the False beliefs about postpartum care may lead to maternal and child health problems. Thus, changing them through effective training methods should be considered as a priority. This survey was conducted to evaluate the effect of educational package on nulliparous mother’s ...
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Background: Lack of awareness and the False beliefs about postpartum care may lead to maternal and child health problems. Thus, changing them through effective training methods should be considered as a priority. This survey was conducted to evaluate the effect of educational package on nulliparous mother’s Knowledge and belief about postpartum lifestyle.
Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 220 nulliparous women in the postpartum ward in Tabriz, in 2013. The subjects were allocated into two groups using block randomization method. Intervention group received face to face education, telephone counseling, booklets and educational SMS and control group received postpartum Ward’s routine educations. Questionnaires of Knowledge and belief about postpartum lifestyle were completed by mothers at the first (or second) day after delivery and then 42 days later. Data was analyzed by SPSS-18, Independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, chi-square, chi-square for trends and ANCOVA. P0.05). With adjusting pre-intervention knowledge and belief score, the mean scores of knowledge [adjusted mean difference 17.2, (CI: 95%: 20.2 to 14.3)] (p
Microbiology
Hanieh Abdi; kumarss amini; Akram sadat Tabatabaiee bafroie
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 169-175
Abstract
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella is considered in the past two decades due to resistance associated with the consumption of drugs as additives in animal food chain, indiscriminate use of arbitrary know the people and the administration. Mortality in epidemics caused by strains resistant ...
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Introduction: Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella is considered in the past two decades due to resistance associated with the consumption of drugs as additives in animal food chain, indiscriminate use of arbitrary know the people and the administration. Mortality in epidemics caused by strains resistant to antibiotics has increased. The aim of this study was to investigate the quinolone resistance genes in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from food.Materials and Methods: The study included 60 isolates of S. Enteritidis isolates from food-microbiological research laboratory of microbial collection Pasargadae was taken. Antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates to disk antibiotics (amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, cephalothin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin) with disk diffusion testing by Kirby - Bauer was based on CLSI. The genes qnrB, qnrS and qnrA simultaneously with Multiplex PCR method was investigated.Results: The results show that all 60 isolates tested (100%) were sensitive to cephalothin complete and while most resistance to nitrofurantoin among the isolates (50 isolates, 83. 3%) and then nalidixic acid ( 44 isolates, 73.3%) is. A total of 8 isolates of Salmonella enteritidis was identified 5 qnr B gene (62.5%) and 3 isolates qnr S gene (37.5%), respectively.Conclusion: the qnrS and qnrB resistance genes are play an important role in the creation and transmission of antibiotic resistance. Screening quinolone resistance gene as a marker and mark the acquisition and development of antibiotic resistance can be used as an important strategy in the fight against antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Asghar Kianzadeh; Hasan Abdi; Seyyed Mostafa Tayyebi Sani; Hasan Gharayagh Zandi
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 171-180
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Resistance training (RT) is known as weight or strength training. In response to this kind of training, both skeletal and cardiac muscles adapt. The purpose of the present study was to determine of effect of short-term resistance training on left ventricular structure of non-athletic ...
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Background and Purpose: Resistance training (RT) is known as weight or strength training. In response to this kind of training, both skeletal and cardiac muscles adapt. The purpose of the present study was to determine of effect of short-term resistance training on left ventricular structure of non-athletic male healthy students by echocardiography. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study involved thirty volunteer participants with an age range of 19 to 25 years Mean±SD:21.8±1.62. They were randomly divided into two groups of 15 (resistance training and control). Training program was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks followed by 10 stations with 50% to 80% with one repetition maximum (1RM). M and B-mode echocardiographic variables were measured at rest. The data were analyzed using dependant t-test and independent t-test. Results: Training caused a significant increase in the mean absolute and relative values of left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions (LVEDd), end-diastolic interventricular Septum thickness (EDIVT) (P=0.000), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness end-diastolic (LVPWd) in the training group (P=0.044, P=0.000). Absolute and relative values of left ventricular end-systolic dimensions (LVESd) decreased significantly after training (P=0.001, P=0.018). Between-group comparison of absolute and relative values of LVM, EDIVT and LVPWd in the training group showed a significant increase as compared with the control group (P=0/000); also, there was a significant increase in the absolute value of LVEDd (P=0.002). Conclusion: Modification of resistance training can induce changes in the left ventricular structure of non-athletic people
Seyyed Ali Naji; Sayna Bahraini; Reza Mannani; Reza Bekhradi
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 172-178
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Fatigue is one of the most common signs in Multiple Sclerosis، affecting the quality of life. Regarding the higher cost of drug therapies and their numerous side effects، the use of complementary and alternative medicines for these patients is on the rise. The present study ...
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Background and Purpose: Fatigue is one of the most common signs in Multiple Sclerosis، affecting the quality of life. Regarding the higher cost of drug therapies and their numerous side effects، the use of complementary and alternative medicines for these patients is on the rise. The present study aimed to determine the effect of aromatherapy massage on fatigue severity in women with Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan، Iran. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 36 women with Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan، Iran. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling، and each received a 20-minute Effleurage massage 3 times a week، for 4 consecutive weeks. Data analysis was done in SPSS 16 using paired t-test، Student t-test and ANOVA. Results: The mean score of fatigue severity before intervention was 49، which turned to be 29.37 after intervention. The statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between fatigue severity scores before and after intervention (p
Z ABEDIAN; SB HASAN POUR AZGHADI; A FADAEI; Z ABBASI; H ESMAEILI
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September and October 2007, , Pages 172-178
Abstract
Background and purpose: Fatigue is common to pregnant women, 80% of whom consider fatigue as one of the ten health concerns. Affecting the nervous and muscular systems, massage therapy induces muscular relaxation, blood circulation and excretion of body waste including lactic acid which leads to energy ...
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Background and purpose: Fatigue is common to pregnant women, 80% of whom consider fatigue as one of the ten health concerns. Affecting the nervous and muscular systems, massage therapy induces muscular relaxation, blood circulation and excretion of body waste including lactic acid which leads to energy release. This study is therefore conducted to investigate the effect of massage on the intensity of labor fatigue in the primipara admitted to Bentolhoda Hospital in Bojnord, Iran in 2005.
Methods and Materials: This clinical trial was conducted on 62 primiparous women (18 to 32 years old) who were candidates of natural labor. The subjects were purposively selected and randomly assigned into massage therapy and conventional caregiving. The former (32 subjects) received back or leg massage or both. But the latter (the control group) received no massage therapy. Fatigue intensity before and 30 minutes after intervention were measured and recorded by a visual scale over the three labor phases. The data were analyzed in SPSS using student t- test, paired t- test, chi-square and linear test. Results: Significant differences, across the two groups, were observed in the fatigue intensity of the latent phase and the transition phase but not in the active phase. Before and after means were statistically different in the transition phase for the massage therapy group.
Conclusion: Massage therapy reduces the fatigue intensity of latent and transition phases. As labor fatigue intensity is lightest during the transition phase, massage therapy can be applied in pregnant women, as a non- invasive and conservative procedure, in order to relieve fatigue intensity and to enhance their health and well being.
Z ASNAASHARI; M AMIRINEJAD; R SAEIDI; H ESMAEILI
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January and February 2007, , Pages 172-177
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Pain is a complicated phenomenon that has been ignored in newborn in the past. Researchers have demonstrated that newborns feel pain completely, so they should be considered more sensitive to pain. Recent researches demonstrated that non-pharmacological interventions such as Kangaroo ...
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Background and Purpose: Pain is a complicated phenomenon that has been ignored in newborn in the past. Researchers have demonstrated that newborns feel pain completely, so they should be considered more sensitive to pain. Recent researches demonstrated that non-pharmacological interventions such as Kangaroo Care could be useful in decreasing pain in newborn. The present research was conducted to determine the effects of kangaroo care on the pain intensity of vaccination in healthy newborns.
Methods and Materials: This study was a randomized case-control clinical trial. The study subjects were 60 healthy full-term newborns delivered at 22 Aban hospital, Lahijan. 60 term newborns were randomly assigned into two groups of trial and control. The trial group received 30 minutes skin to skin contact, where as the control group were wrapped in their blanket, beside their mother bed. In two groups behavioral changes of newborns were evaluated and observed 2 minutes before, during and 3 minutes after the intervention. All procedures were filmed. A Researcher assistant who was blind to the research aim, scored behavior changes by NIPS. Heart rate and oxygen saturation levels as displayed on the pulse monitor and duration of crying were recorded by stop watch. Data was analyzed using chi-square, Fisher's Exact Test, paired t-test and independent t-test.
Results: Mean pain intensity during intervention period was significantly lower in the trial than the control group (p
Loya Zarrabi; AliReza Asadi; Fereshteh Ghorat; Seyyed Abdollah Banihashem; Mohammad Gharavi; MohammadTaghi Shakeri
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 173-180
Abstract
Aim and scope: In recent years, the need to decrease pain and anxiety in patients with acute leukemia during invasive diagnostic and therapeutic measures has been emphasized. This study was performed with the aim of evaluating pain and discomfort caused by bone marrow aspiration under general anesthesia ...
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Aim and scope: In recent years, the need to decrease pain and anxiety in patients with acute leukemia during invasive diagnostic and therapeutic measures has been emphasized. This study was performed with the aim of evaluating pain and discomfort caused by bone marrow aspiration under general anesthesia compared with local anesthesia. Materials and methods: This cohort study was performed on 239 patients with acute leukemia under 18 years of age admitted to Dr. Sheikh Hospital in Mashhad during two years. Children undergoing bone marrow aspiration with either general anesthesia with propofol or local anesthesia with lidocaine were compared in terms of pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), resistance to procedure, and the fear and anxiety during aspiration. Results were evaluated with SPSS software version 16 using t test and chi-squared test. Results: Among the 135 patients who were under general anesthesia, 20.1% showed a slight resistance to apply the anesthesia mask. The least amounts of pain, fear, and anxiety were reported. Among the 104 patients under local anesthesia, 80.2% had physical resistance, 44.4% had severe and very severe pain, and 86.1% showed intense fear and anxiety. In the general anesthesia group, physical resistance (p=0.01), pain (p=0.01), and fear and anxiety (p
Siyamak Mohebbi; Nasim Rasouli; Zohreh GHamarizare; Azam Habashizadeh
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 175-182
Abstract
Background:one of the most important groups of careers in health systems are Nurses. Their accupational moral is very crucial becuase of its effects on professional practice.furthermore,this study was condected to examin nurses’ moral and its related factors.
Materials and Methods: in this descriptive-cross ...
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Background:one of the most important groups of careers in health systems are Nurses. Their accupational moral is very crucial becuase of its effects on professional practice.furthermore,this study was condected to examin nurses’ moral and its related factors.
Materials and Methods: in this descriptive-cross sectional study the numver of 226 nurses woking at 4 educational hospitals of Qom in 2014 were selected via an available sampling method. Information were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire including 4 dimensions (cohesion and teamwork, corporate identity, communication, and job involvement) to investigate occupational moral. Data were analysed using spss software and descriptive and inferential statistics tests.
Results: the mean score of accupational moral was (03/65 04/14) from a maximum score of 135.The highest mean score dedicated to the corporate identity and job involvement. 67.3 percent (152 cases) had an average accupational moral. There was no statistically significant relationship between nurses’ accupational moral and demographic characteristics.
Conclusion: there is suggested that managers try to promote cohesion, teamwork and communication within the organization and take effective measurments to address the major causes of nurses’ low accupational moral .
Mehdi Jafarzadeh Fakhar; Kazem Maskani
Volume 15, Issue 3 , September and October 2008, , Pages 176-181
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Taking psychoactive drugs and the disgusting phenomenon of addiction occur in people due to various personal and social factors and affect the personal and social lives of the addict. Necessity of attention to this hassle made us investigate the factors affecting addiction and ...
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Background and Purpose: Taking psychoactive drugs and the disgusting phenomenon of addiction occur in people due to various personal and social factors and affect the personal and social lives of the addict. Necessity of attention to this hassle made us investigate the factors affecting addiction and withdrawal in self-declared addicts. Methods and Materials: In this deh1ive analytical study 456 addicts were randomly selected from the population of self-declared addicts admitted to Behzisti Clinic of Withdrawal in Sabzevar. A questionnaire matching with the aims of the study was completed during interviews and investigation of records. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and student t-test. Results: It was found that the study sample included 394 male (86.4%) and 62 female (13.6%) informants. Mean age of males and females were 37.4±10.7 and 41.79±13.4 years respectively. In digressing to addiction men were mostly affected by friends and colleagues (46%) and strangers (42%). However women were mostly affected by family and kinsmen (40%) and strangers (30%).; and the difference was statistically significant (p
Ahamad Majid; Seyyed Mehdi Beheshti Nasr; Elham Izi; Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 176-183
Abstract
Background: Cytisus scoparius is an ornamental and highly aromatic plant. The petals and stamens in aromatic plants are important allergenic agents. The aim of this study is examination study of allergenicity of petal and stamen in middle-aged ontogenical stage of Cytisus scoparius L. in guinea pig. ...
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Background: Cytisus scoparius is an ornamental and highly aromatic plant. The petals and stamens in aromatic plants are important allergenic agents. The aim of this study is examination study of allergenicity of petal and stamen in middle-aged ontogenical stage of Cytisus scoparius L. in guinea pig.
Methology: In this experimental study, 9 guinea pigs from hartly stirps were randomly selected and divided into three equal groups. Plant extracts were prepared with 16% concentration and injected intraperitoneally to guinea pigs.The first group was considered as negative control (injected with phosphate buffered saline). The second and the third groups received petal extract and petal + stamen extract respectively. In addition intraperitoneal injections within 4 weeks, once per week, subcutaneous injection was performed in the fifth week. Finally, a week after the last injection was taken blood sampling directly from the heart of animals, and the number of eosinophils, immunoglobulin E and blood sugar levels were measured in experimental groups and analyzed data.
Results: Skin test (Created wheal diameter) and serological tests (levels of immunoglobulin E, eosinophils, and blood glucose) in both groups treated with Cytisus scoparius L. significantly increased compared to controls. Electrophoretic profiles was observed about 4 protein bands (2 light protein bands and 2 pale protein bands) in the range of 27 to 85 kD in the middle-aged petal and about 6 more specific protein bands in the range of 10 to 75 kD in middle-aged petal whit stamen proteins.
Conclusion: The results showed that petal of ontogenical stage of middle-aged in Cytisus scoparius have allergenicity property and and this effect is exacerbated when they are together with stamens.
SH AHAN JAN; M AKBARI; M AKBARI
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January and February 2007, , Pages 178-184
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Ankle injuries are among the most common muscular-skeletal injuries in atliletes so that they account for 10 to 15 percent of all injuries. The chances of ankle strain for an athlete during a sports career are 45% and 10 to 30 percent turn into chronic forms. The present study ...
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Background and Purpose: Ankle injuries are among the most common muscular-skeletal injuries in atliletes so that they account for 10 to 15 percent of all injuries. The chances of ankle strain for an athlete during a sports career are 45% and 10 to 30 percent turn into chronic forms. The present study was conducted to study the ankle instability in the national team athletes (football, wrestling and basketball).
Methods and Materials: In these descriptive- analytical and cross- sectional study, the population was 229 national team athletes who were invited to the national camp. Their mean age and height were 23 years and 185 cm respectively. For statistical analysis of the data, chi-square was used. Injury diagnosis was done through clinical examination and confirmed by Mortise view test.
Results: Ankle instability in free and French wrestling athletes were 8.6% and 5.9% respectively. It was 14.7% in football players and 7.3% in basketball players. Also, a significant relationship was found between ankle instability, trauma and strain (p
Saeed Semnanian; Hossein Baharvand; Shiva Khezri; Mohammad Javan
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 179-187
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Novel strategies of MS try to stimulate endogenous neural stem cells for demyelination repair. Increased levels of cAMP potentiate the repair mechanisms in CNS by activating PKA or independently. In the present study، we investigated the effect of dbcAMP on neural stem cells ...
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Background and Purpose: Novel strategies of MS try to stimulate endogenous neural stem cells for demyelination repair. Increased levels of cAMP potentiate the repair mechanisms in CNS by activating PKA or independently. In the present study، we investigated the effect of dbcAMP on neural stem cells migration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. Methods and Materials: Mice were immunized with 300 µg MOG peptide emulsified in complete Freund''s adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin (PT). Control mice received CFA and PT. Groups of EAE- mice received i.p. injections of dbcAMP 10mg/kg from day 9-14 or 9-21. Animals were observed daily for neurological deficit. Nestin expression was used as a marker to detect neural stem cells. The number of Nestin+ cells in SVZ and olfactory bulb (OB) was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. GraphPad Prism Version 5 was used for analyzing the data. For the clinical signs of EAE، the differences between the same days were compared by unpaired t-test. For the number of Nestin+ cells، the statistical differences between the groups were determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test. Results: EAE induction caused clinical signs and paralysis of tail and hind limbs. dbcAMP significantly reduced the incidence and severity of EAE in mice immunized with MOG. Maximum of scores reached 0.66±0.13 for dbcAMP treated mice (2.5±0.2 for EAE mice) on 21 dpi (day post inductin). EAE induction did not change number of nestin+ cells in SVZ but it increased it in OB. With developing of scores on 21dpi، the number of cells decreased (5.66±1.20). dbcAMP injection from 9-21 dpi increased these cells in SVZ. With developing of EAE scores on 21 dpi، the number of these cells in OB increased (19.5±2.04) and has significant differences with the control group. The treatment of EAE induced mice with dbcAMP from 9-21 dpi was assosiated with a significant elevation of Nestin+ cells in OB (40±2.73) (P
AA BOLOURIAN; E SHIRZADEH
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September and October 2007, , Pages 179-184
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Pinguecula causes cosmetic effects and induces pterygium in some cases. Burning, irritation, lacrimation and foreign body sensation, occasional significant astigmatism and decreased vision are among the major symptoms of pterygium. As most findings in this regard are hospital-based, ...
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Background and Purpose: Pinguecula causes cosmetic effects and induces pterygium in some cases. Burning, irritation, lacrimation and foreign body sensation, occasional significant astigmatism and decreased vision are among the major symptoms of pterygium. As most findings in this regard are hospital-based, the present population- based study was conducted to study the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and the effect of population variables in the rural population of sabzevar, Iran.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive epidemiologic study was conducted cross- sectionally and the population was rural residents in sabzevar, Iran. Cluster sampling was used for random sampling from 40 villages amounting to 2508 subjects.
The study was conducted in 2002-2004. The subjects were interviewed and fully examined. Diagnoses were made clinically.
The relationships between population variables and the two disorders were evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed using chi- square, t- test and logistic regression.
Results: Mean age of 1014 men (40.5%) and 1494 women (59.5%) participating in the study were 27.84± 22.07 and 26.90± 19.05 years respectively. Of 2508 subjects, 396 cases of pterygium and pinguecula were diagnosed with an overall prevalence of 15.8%; 187 men (18.44%) and 209 women (14%). Its prevalence was higher in men than in women. Its distribution as asymmetric, i.e. OD: OS ratio = 0.64. Also, its prevalence across different jobs rendered the following results for farmers, workers and housewives: 39.5; 33.3 and 23 respectively:
Conclusion: The overal prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula in rural population of Sabzevar is 15.7%, which may be attributed to population variables and risk factors, geographical location, climatic conditions, racial and familial factors.
Reza Ghotaslou; Tahereh pirzadeh; Aylin Esmailkhani; Abed Zahedi Bialvaie; Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo
Volume 29, Issue 2 , July and August 2022, , Pages 179-194
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and is one of the most effective human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized with this Gram-negative bacterium. Unless treated, colonization usually persists lifelong. H. pylori infection represents a key ...
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Helicobacter pylori is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and is one of the most effective human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized with this Gram-negative bacterium. Unless treated, colonization usually persists lifelong. H. pylori infection represents a key factor in the etiology of the various gastrointestinal diseases, ranging from chronic active gastritis without clinical symptoms to peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT). This review concerns some of the most recent developments in diagnostic methods of H. pylori infection and it has been studied in different clinical conditions. Only highly accurate tests should be used in clinical practice, and the sensitivity and specificity of an adequate test should exceed 90%. The choice of tests should take all items among into account clinical circumstances, the likelihood ratio of positive and negative tests, the cost-effectiveness of the testing strategy, and the availability of the tests.
Kobra Akhoundzadeh; Zahra Abedini; Hoda Ahmari Tehran
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 180-188
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Despite the known effect of problem-based learning, there are still many challenges against its being replaced with the conventional methods. This research was conducted to find out the students’ experiences of the modified problem-based learning (MPBL) combined with working ...
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Background and Purpose: Despite the known effect of problem-based learning, there are still many challenges against its being replaced with the conventional methods. This research was conducted to find out the students’ experiences of the modified problem-based learning (MPBL) combined with working in small groups. Methods and Materials: In this qualitative study, 35 nursing students participated. The course of Pediatric Nursing was instructed to the students by the modified problem-based learning method and working in small groups. There were 35 semi-structured and 6 group-oriented interviews, which were analyzed by content analysis method. Results: Findings demonstrated that MPBL was associated with experiences of thinking, research, self–regulation, motivation and barriers. Barriers were its being time-consuming, difference of attitudes among group members and their resistance against change. Conclusion: Based on the results, MPBL is effective in reinforcing the learning mechanisms.
Hossein Taheri Chadorneshin; Mohammad Esmaeel Afzalpour; Mohsen Foadodini; Hossein Abtahi
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 180-188
Abstract
Background: Researches have showed that exercise trainings increase the brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the brain. In addition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) increase protein content of BDNF and GDNF in vitro. However, ...
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Background: Researches have showed that exercise trainings increase the brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the brain. In addition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) increase protein content of BDNF and GDNF in vitro. However, there is insufficient information about the interactive effects of high intensity exercise training, H2O2, and TNFα on neurotrophins. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effect of high intensity intermittent training on the content of BDNF, GDNF, H2O2 and TNFα in the brain of albino wistar rats.
Materials and methods: Sixteen albino wistar rats divided into control and high intensity intermittent training groups. High intensity intermittent training has carried out for 6 weeks with 95 to 100% of maximum oxygen consumption on treadmill. BDNF, GDNF and TNFα contents have measured by sandwich ELISA method and H2O2 concentration by colorimetric method by commercial kits. Data analyzed using Student’s t-test, and p≤0.05 considered as statistically significant.
Results: High intensity intermittent training resulted in 75 and 143 percent increased in H2O2 (p
Mehdi Poorkord; Abbas Abolghassemi; Mohammad Narimani
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 181-188
Abstract
Background and Purpose: There is a tendency in adolescents with poor social skills and low self-efficacy for substance use to tackle problems. The purpose of the present research was to determine the relationship of social skills and self-efficacy with the tendency for substance use in adolescents.
Materials ...
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Background and Purpose: There is a tendency in adolescents with poor social skills and low self-efficacy for substance use to tackle problems. The purpose of the present research was to determine the relationship of social skills and self-efficacy with the tendency for substance use in adolescents.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study involved the population of first- and second-grade high school students in the vulnerable regions in Ardabil, Iran. The research sample consisted of 321 students from the vulnerable areas in Ardabil, Iran who were randomly selected for the study. Matson Social Skills Scale, Sherer’s Self-efficacy Inventory, Scale of aAttitude towards Substance Use and Tendency to Substance Use Checklist were used for data collection. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses in SPSS 14, with the significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results showed the mean scores of social skills to be 132.15, Self-efficacy 81.85 and tendency to substance use 21.30. There were significant relationships between social skills (r=-0.57) and self- efficacy (r=-0.42) with tendency to substance use in adolescents. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that aggression, nonsocial skills, general self-efficacy and appropriate social skills accounted for 47 percent of variance of tendency to substance use. Conclusion: Based on the findings, social skills and self-efficacy are related to tendency to substance use in adolescents.
Fahimeh Keyvanloo; Shahin Jalali; Mohsen Koushan; Mohammad Seyyed Ahmadi; Mohsen Ghofrani; Masoomeh Shojaei; Naeemeh Taheri
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 181-189
Abstract
Background and purpose: In recent years, psychological and physiological effects of music on athletic performance have become an attractive field of research. The present study investigates the effect of various kinds of music on mood characteristics and performance accuracy in skilled and semi-skilled ...
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Background and purpose: In recent years, psychological and physiological effects of music on athletic performance have become an attractive field of research. The present study investigates the effect of various kinds of music on mood characteristics and performance accuracy in skilled and semi-skilled female basketball players. Methods: The population for this quasi-experimental study consisted of skilled players (League) and semi-skilled players (PE students). Seventy-two female basketball players (36 skilled and 36 semi-skilled) were selected randomly and assigned to different groups (exciting music, relaxation music, and favorite music). Data was collected in two days using Brunel mood scale and 5-value Zachary scale for measuring the accuracy of basketball free-throw. Results: ANOVA results show that listening to music improved mood characteristics of participants significantly regardless of their skill level (p=0.012). The interaction of test and type of music was significant on mood variables (p=0.01). Favorite music was more effective than exciting music in improving mood properties (p
seyyedeh Fatemeh Oskouie; Katri Vehviläinen-Julkunen; Fatemeh Dabbaghi; Hossein Karimi Moneghi; Tahereh Bionghi
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January and February 2009, , Pages 182-191
Abstract
Background and purpose: There are many studies about nursing clinical settings and their problems but the teaching style of teachers on the bedside has not been studied as a whole. Therefore this study was conducted to assess describe and interpret nursing trainers’ perceptions of the teaching style ...
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Background and purpose: There are many studies about nursing clinical settings and their problems but the teaching style of teachers on the bedside has not been studied as a whole. Therefore this study was conducted to assess describe and interpret nursing trainers’ perceptions of the teaching style in clinical settings. Methods and Materials: The grounded theory approach was used to conduct this study. Fifteen nursing teachers were interviewed individually in 2006-2007. The interview protocols were tape-recorded and later transcribed verbatim. The tranh1ions were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's method. Results: Three major themes and 12 sub-themes emerged from the study data which portray the clinical teaching styles of the nursing teachers. The main themes are multiple styles in teaching nature of clinical teaching control and adaptation in the educational atmosphere and multiplicity in teaching style. Individualized styles were observable across teachers but they varied across situations type of skills (content) educational environment and facilities levels of the learners and the control and accommodation of teachers with the teaching atmosphere. Conclusion: Although teaching style is a complex phenomenon but this study has helped emerge some of the rules and principles of clinical training of nurses.
Fathiyeh Sistani; Mohammad Mehdi Yaghoti Khorasani
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 183-191
Abstract
Introduction: Fear and anxiety due to dental treatments have been identified as on of the important factors in delation and avoidance of dental care which is a major obstacle in diagnosis and treatment of dental peoblems on time . This study aimed to determine dental fear and anxiety prevalence in the ...
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Introduction: Fear and anxiety due to dental treatments have been identified as on of the important factors in delation and avoidance of dental care which is a major obstacle in diagnosis and treatment of dental peoblems on time . This study aimed to determine dental fear and anxiety prevalence in the students of Rafsanjan university of medical sciences ,2010-2011.
Material & methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 400 students of Rafsanjan university of medical sciences . Needed information were gathered through demoraphic, DAS and DFS standard questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS-15 statistic software and Chi-square test.
Result: among 400 particapants,110(%27.5), 67(%16.75), 97(%24.25) and 126(%31.5) students were studying at medicine, nursing, midwifery and other courses, respectively . 218(%54.5) students were female. dental fear was reported by 333(about %83) students and 161(about %40) reported dental anxiety. Based on the majore, the maximum and minimum anxiety level dedicated to the medical students [18(%42.9) severe DAS] and dental students [4(%9.5) severe DAS], respectively(P
Fatemeh Lachiyani; Alirreza Mohammadi Arya; Effat Sadat RobatJazee; Seyyed Shahabeddin Tabatabaee; Mobin Hedayati; Amin Rostaee
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 184-193
Abstract
Introduction: The old age is one of the inevitable period of each person's life that correct cognition and reaction toward it can improve (alter) the life's quality. The good life's quality is related to happiness and stress decreasing therefore, the aim of the present study was the determining of the ...
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Introduction: The old age is one of the inevitable period of each person's life that correct cognition and reaction toward it can improve (alter) the life's quality. The good life's quality is related to happiness and stress decreasing therefore, the aim of the present study was the determining of the efficacy of stress inoculation training upon the happiness rate and life's quality of old (aged) persons of Mazandaran.
Materials and Methods: method research Quasi-experimental and design of pre-test - post-test control group was. the statistical universe of the present study was consist of the all old persons of Mazandaran (223 persons) that lived at boarding – house institutions. after executing the happiness and life's quality questionnaires, 40 person's having the least happiness rate and life's quality, were selected randomly, put into two groups (experimental and control). In order to gather the data, oxford happiness questionnaire and life quality questionnaire of worldly hygiene foundation were used the instruction program of stress inoculation was done in experiment group at 8 sessions every session, including 60 minutes for two month and After completion of training, two months later both groups (experimental and control) happiness and quality of life questionnaires in the same situation and the same were completed and evaluated.
Resulting: The results gained from the study using covariance analysis revealed that the stress inoculation training was meaningful (significant) upon happiness and life's quality for experimental group.
Conclusion: therefore, according to the results, the stress inoculation is effective upon the increasing of happiness and life's quality of old (aged) persons.
Z KHALAJINIA; H HASANABADI; Z ABEDIAN; H ESMAEILI
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September and October 2007, , Pages 185-191
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Dysmenorrhea is one of the common problems of women at the childbearing age and has social, psychological, physical and economic consequences. As emotional factors influence physical conditions and the perception of pain, this study was conducted at the University of Mashad, Iran ...
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Background and Purpose: Dysmenorrhea is one of the common problems of women at the childbearing age and has social, psychological, physical and economic consequences. As emotional factors influence physical conditions and the perception of pain, this study was conducted at the University of Mashad, Iran to compare the personality features of medical students with and without early dysmenorrheal.
Methods and Materials: This is a descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study and the study population was the female medical students at Mashad University of Medical Sciences in 2004. 200 students were proportionately sampled using a subject selection form. They also filled out the interview checklist, the lifestyle questionnaire and the Cassidy Social Support Form. On specific days, the menses pain intensity form, history of menses form and Eysenk Personality Questionnaire were completed. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Chi square, Fischer’s Exact Test, t-test, Mann Whitney and Regression model.
Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups as for the frequency of introversion: in the group with dysmenorrhea 67% and the other group only 12% were introverts. In addition, the frequency of neurosis was statistically different across the two groups (52% in the group with dysmenorrhea and 10% in the other group). Also the two groups were statistically different in the prevalence of psychosis (72% versus 32% for the group with and without dysmenorrheal respectively).
Conclusion: Introversion, psychosis and neurosis were more prevalent in women with dysmenorrhea than in women without dysmenorrhea.
M KOUSHAN; A HEYDARI
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January and February 2007, , Pages 185-189
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The quality and quantity of learning are influenced by such factors as IQ, mental and physical health, motivation, environmental facilities, educational aids and technology and cognitive capabilities; however, psychologists have observed that, at least for university students, ...
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Background and Purpose: The quality and quantity of learning are influenced by such factors as IQ, mental and physical health, motivation, environmental facilities, educational aids and technology and cognitive capabilities; however, psychologists have observed that, at least for university students, what affects educational performance for the most part are general study skills, learning and recall. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the students, study habits and to diagnose possible deficits in their skills.
Methods and Materials: The present study is a cross- sectional descriptive research. 297 students were selected through converient non- probability sampling, out of the whole study population of students studying in Sabzevar school of Medical Sciences in Sabzevar, Iran in 2004 (1383). PSSHI inventory of study skills was used for data collection. The inventory contains 45 questions in eight areas divided in to time allotment, physical conditions of studying reading ability, note taking, learning motivation, memory, examinations and health. The likert- type responses were "always or often, "sometimes", "Rarely or never". Test- retest and split- half methods rendered the reliability of the questionnaire as 0.88 and 0.65 respectively. Descriptive statistics in spss were used for data analysis.
Results: Mean study habit in male and female students were 50.87 and 51.48, respectively, out of 90, with no significant difference. Results for eight respective areas were as follows: time allotment 5.36 (out of 10), physical conditions 6.9 (out of 12), reading ability 8.29, (out of 16), note taking 3.2 (out of 6), learning motivation 8.55 (out of 12), memory 4.6 (out of 8), examinations 10.26 (out of18), and general health 2.94 (out of 6). Significant differences were observed across gender in reading ability, learning motivation and examinations.
Conclusion: University students do not have high quality study skills and this problem should be attended by the university officials in charge of students, education. It is necessary to plan for the improvement of their study habits.
Mohammad Reza Hamedinia; Teyyebh Amiri Parsa; Marziyeh Saadat Azarnive; Seyyed Ali Reza Hosseini Kakhk
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 188-197
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Obesity is associated with various metabolic and inflammatory impairments، the effects of which have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore، the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an 8-week strength training and aerobic training program and a 10-day detraining ...
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Background and Purpose: Obesity is associated with various metabolic and inflammatory impairments، the effects of which have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore، the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an 8-week strength training and aerobic training program and a 10-day detraining on lipid profile and CRP in obese girls. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، thirty-six obese female university students were voluntarily recruited and randomly assigned into three groups: control (n=11)، aerobic training or AT (n=12) and strength training or ST (n=13). ST and AT groups trained for 8 weeks، 4 times/week، 60 min/session، with 60 to 70% of 1 repetition maximum for ST، and 65 to 75% of HRmax for AT. Blood samples were taken at baseline، 24 hours after the last exercise session and after 10 days of detraining on fasting state. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using repeated measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). The alpha level was established at P0.05). Also، no significant differences were found between the three groups (P>0.05). TC also decreased in AT and ST groups (9% and 19%، respectively); however، the change was not significant (P>0.05). After training no significant changes in HDL، HDL2، HDL3، LDL، and CRP were observed (P>0.05). Ten days of detraining also did not result in any significant alterations in the lipid profile or CRP (P>0.05). Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic and strength training have no significant effect on the lipid profile and CRP in obese girls.
Alireza Farnam; Abbas Bakhshipour Roodsari; Ahmad Mansouri; Majid Mahmood Aliloo
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 189-195
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Rumination is one of the effective factors on the onset and maintenance Major Depression Disorder (MDD). Thus, the present study was conducted to compare the rumination and its components in normal subjects and patients with Major Depression Disorder (MDD), Obsessive-Compulsive ...
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Background and Purpose: Rumination is one of the effective factors on the onset and maintenance Major Depression Disorder (MDD). Thus, the present study was conducted to compare the rumination and its components in normal subjects and patients with Major Depression Disorder (MDD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional, descriptive analytical study, 28 patients with GAD, 28 patients with OCD, 28 patients with MDD and 28 normal individuals were selected through convenient sampling method. The participants completed Rumination Responses Scale (RRS). Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Results: Mean rumination score in MDD, OCD, GAD and normal subjects were 62.36±13.38, 63.50±12.76, 54.79±15.60 and 44.57±15.25 respectively. The result showed that there are significant differences in the mean rumination scores and its components across the four groups (P