رابطه بارداری هیجانی و ترس از ارزیابی اجتماعی با خودکارآمدی در زنان و مردان

لطفی, مژگان; اعظمی, یوسف; دانایی, شیوا; امینی, مهدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

² دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

³ کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، تهران، ایران

⁴ گروه اعتیاد، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: خودکارآمدی یکی از منابع فردی است که نقش مهمی در ارزیابی اجتماعی و منابع مقابله ایفاء می‌کند. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی رابطه بازداری هیجانی و ترس ناشی از ارزیابی اجتماعی با خودکارآمدی در زنان و مردان انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: روش پژوهش توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری را کلیه زنان و مردان منطقه 6 شهر تهران در سال 1396 تشکیل دادند. حجم نمونه در این پژوهش شامل 200 نفر (100 زن و 100 مرد) است که به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، از پرسشنامه مهار هیجانی راجر و نشوور، فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه ترس از ارزیابی منفی (FNES-B) و پرسشنامه خودکارآمدی عمومی (GSE-17) استفاده شد. داده‌ها از طریق ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و آزمون تی‌مستقل و با نرم‌افزار SPSS20 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین بازداری هیجانی و خودکارآمدی در مردان، زنان و به‌صورت کلی رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. همچنین مشخص شد که بین متغیر ترس از ارزیابی منفی دیگران و خودکارآمدی در مردان (54/0-)، زنان (43/0-) و به صورت کل (49/0-) رابطه منفی و معناداری وجود دارد. نتایج آزمون تی بیانگر عدم تفاوت معنادار بین دو جنس در متغیرهای بازداری هیجانی و ترس از ارزیابی دیگران و تفاوت در خودکارآمدی در زنان و مردان است.
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج می‌توان گفت یکی از متغیرهای تأثیرگذار بر خودکارآمدی ترس از ارزیابی منفی دیگران است و همچنین میزان خودکارآمدی با توجه به جنسیت متفاوت است و میزان آن در مردان به‌دلیل عوامل تربیتی و فرهنگی بیشتر از زنان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

روانشناسی و روانپزشکی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between emotional inhibition and fear of social evaluation with self-efficacy in women and men

نویسندگان [English]

Mozhgan Lotfi ¹
Yoosef Azami ²
Shiva Danaei ³
Mahdi Amini ⁴

¹ School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

² Ph.D. student of psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

³ MSc in Clinical Psychology, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba&#039;i University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background: Self-efficacy is one of the personal resources that plays an important role in social assessment and coping resources. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional inhibition and fear of social evaluation with self-efficacy in men and women.
Materials and Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The study population included all women and men in the 6th district of Tehran in 2017. Via convenient sampling method two-hundred people (100 women and 100 men) were selected. To collect the data, Roger & Nesshoever, emotion control Questionnaire, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNES-B), and General Self-Efﬁcacy Scale (GSE-17) were used. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test by SPSS-20.
Results: The results showed that there is no significant relationship between emotional inhibition and self-efficacy in two gender. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between the fear of negative evaluation of others and self-efficacy in men (-0.54), women (-0.43) and total (-49.4). The results of t-test indicated that there was no significant difference between the two sexes in the variables of emotional inhibition and fear of evaluation of others and the difference in self-efficacy in men and women.
Conclusion: Based on the results, one of the variables that affect the self-efficacy of fear is the negative evaluation of others and the amount of self-efficacy varies according to gender and is higher in men than in women due to educational and cultural factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Emotional inhibition
fear of social evaluation
self-efficacy
woman
man

مراجع

[1] Muris P, Schmidt H, Lambrichs R, Meesters C. Protective and vulnerability factors of depression in normal adolescents. Behav Res Ther. 2001; 39(5): 555-65.

[2] Tangney JP, Baumeister RF, Boone AL. High self – control predicts good adjustment, Less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. J pers. 2004; 72: 271-322.

[3] Khazaie F, Shairi MR, Heidari-Nasab L, Jalali MR. Comparison of self-efficacy, self-esteem, social anxiety, shyness and aggression among high school students with different levels of assertiveness. Feyz. 2014; 18(3): 229-238. [in Persian] URL: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-2305-fa.html

[4] Esen BK, Aktas E, Tuncer I. An analysis of university students’ internet use in relation to loneliness and social self-efficacy. Proced-Soc Behav Sci. 2013; 84: 1504-8.

[5] Hampton NZ, Mason E. Learning disabilities, gender, sources of efficacy, self-efficacy beliefs, and academic achievement in high school students. J sch psychol. 2003; 41(2): 101-12.

[6] Daryadel SJ, Sharifi N, Heidarirad H, Nabidost, A. Comparison of self-efficacy beliefs, emotion regulation strategies and tolerance of ambiguity in male and female students with test anxiety. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi. 2018; 7(1): 179-198. [in Persian]

[7] Erozkan A. Analysis of Social Problem Solving and Social Self-Efficacy in Prospective Teachers. Educational Sciences: Theory and Pract. 2014; 14(2): 447-55.

[8] Matsushima R, Shiomi K. Social self-efficacy and interpersonal stress in adolescence. Soc Behav Pers Int J. 2003; 31(4): 323-32.

[9] Di Giunta L, Eisenberg N, Kupfer A, Steca P, Tramontano C, Caprara GV. Assessing perceived empathic and social self-efficacy across countries. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2010; 26(2): 77-86.

[10] Fan J, Meng H, Gao X, Lopez FJ, Liu C. Validation of a U.S. adult social self-efficacy inventory in Chinese populations. The Counseling Psychologist. 2010; 38(4): 473-96.

[11] Smith HM, Betz NE. An examination of efficacy and esteem pathways to depression in young adulthood. J Couns Psychol. 2002; 49(4): 438-48.

[12] Morshed Behbahani M, Hayati D. Causal Relationship of Diffused Identity and Self-Efficacy with Addiction Potential: the Mediating Role of Sense Seeking. Q J Addict Res. 2018; 11(44): 257-72. [in Persian]

[13] Chan VW. Gender differences associated with social phobia: A developmental perspective. Univ Toronto J Undergrad Life Sci. 2010; 4(1): 82-85.

[14] Roger D, Najarian B. The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotion control. Pers Individ Differ. 1989; 10(8): 845-53.

[15] Hasani J, Shahgholian M. Emotional expressiveness, emotional control and bias in expressing excitement in fugitive and normal girls. Q J Couns Psychother. 2014; 5(17): 117-34. [in Persian]

[16] Nour C. Emotional competence and relationship satisfaction: identifying skills that may be essential to having a happy and intimate relationship [dissertation]. UOW: Wollongong Univ; 2004.

[17] Nolen-Hoeksema S, Parker LE, Larson J. Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994; 67(1): 92-104.

[18] De Veld DM, Riksen-Walraven JM, de Weerth C. The relation between emotion regulation strategies and physiological stress responses in middle childhood. Psychoneuroendocr. 2012; 37(8): 1309-19.

[19] Nightingale SM, Roberts S, Tariq V, Appleby Y, Barnes L, Harris RA, Dacre-Pool L, Qualter P. Trajectories of university adjustment in the United Kingdom: Emotion management and emotional self-efficacy protect against initial poor adjustment. Learn Individ Differ. 2013; 27: 174-81.

[20] Ramos-Loyo J, Angulo-Chavira A, Llamas-Alonso LA, González-Garrido AA. Sex differences in emotional contexts modulation on response inhibition. Neuropsychol. 2016; 91: 290-8.

[21] Liu J, Zubieta JK, Heitzeg M. Sex differences in anterior cingulate cortex activation during impulse inhibition and behavioral correlates. Psychiatr Res Neuroimaging. 2012; 201(1): 54-62.

[22] Kashdan TB, Goodman FR, Machell KA, Kleiman EM, Monfort SS, Ciarrochi J, Nezlek JB. A contextual approach to experiential avoidance and social anxiety: Evidence from an experimental interaction and daily interactions of people with social anxiety disorder. Emot. 2014; 14(4): 769-81. doi.org/10.1037/a0035935

[23] Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Fang A, Asnaani A. Emotion dysregulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety. 2012; 29(5): 409-16.

[24] American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.

[25] Hudson JL, Rapee RM. Familial and social environments in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Oxford handbook of anxiety and related disorders. 2009: 173-89.

[26] Rodebaugh TL, Shumaker EA. Avoidance goals for a specific social situation influence activated negative and positive affect. Cognit Therap Res. 2012; 36(1): 36-46.

[27] Choy Y, Schneier FR, Heimberg RG, Oh KS, Liebowitz MR. Features of the offensive subtype of Taijin‐Kyofu‐Sho in US and Korean patients with DSM‐IV social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety. 2008; 25(3): 230-40.

[28] Russell LH, Gould KL, Fergus TA. Self-construal and gender interact to cause social evaluative concerns. Pers Individ Differ. 2017; 109: 51-5.

[29] Panadero E, Jonsson A, Botella J. Effects of self-assessment on self-regulated learning and self-efficacy: Four meta-analyses. Educ Res Rev. 2017; 22: 74-98.

[30] Yaghobi P. Investigating the Relationship between emotion expression styles and control attribution style in homemade violence against women with the role of gender stereotypes [dissertation]. Tehran: Kharazmi Univ; 2014. [in Persian]

[31] Gravand F, Shokri O, Khodai A, Amraei M, Tolabi, S. Standardization, Validity and Reliability of the Short Version of the Scale of Fear of Negative Evaluation in Adolescents from 12 to 18 Years Old Students in Tehran. J Psychol Stud. 2011; 7(1): 65-96. [in Persian]

[32] Sherer M, Maddux JE, Mercandante B, Prentice-Dunn S, Jacobs B, Rogers RW. The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation. Psychol Rep. 1982; 51(2): 663-71.

[33] Barati Bakhtiari S. Investigation of the simple and multiple relationship between self-efficacy, self-reconnaissance and self-esteem with academic performance in third year high school students in Ahvaz city [dissertation]. Ahvaz: Shahid Chamran Univ; 1997. [in Persian]

[34] Ranjbaran R, Pouladi Reyshahri A, Saghai Pourseifi M, Javidi N. The Pattern to Predict Social Phobia Based On Social Self-Efficacy, Shyness and Coping Style in the Secondary School Students. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2016; 5(9): 275-81.

[35] Khayyer M, Ostovar S, Latifian M, Taghavi MR, Samani S. The study of mediating effects of self-focused attention and social self-efficacy on links between social anxiety and judgment biases. Iran J Psychiatr Clin Psychol. 2008; 14(1): 24-32. [in Persian]

[36] Hasanvand Amozadeh M. The relationship of Shyness, self-esteem, self-efficacy and assertiveness with social anxiety. N Find Psychol. 2010; 7(24): 35-56. [in Persian]

[37] Raufi AR, Tarkhan M, Ghorban Shiroodi S, Nozari M. Relationship between attention bias and social self-efficacy with social anxiety in urban high school girls in Sari. Soc Psychol Res. 2012; 2(6): 24-34. [in Persian]

[38] Daigan G, Asghari M. Self-efficacy, resiliency, fear of negative evaluation, concentration and environmental conditions of gifted and normal adolescents in high schooles in Rasht. Second International Conference on Humanities, Psychology and Social Sciences; 2015. [in Persian]

[39] Gross JJ, Levenson RW. Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. J Abnorm Psychol. 1997; 106(1): 95-103.

[40] Li CS, Huang C, Constable RT, Sinha R. Gender differences in the neural correlates of response inhibition during a stop signal task. Neuroimage. 2006; 32(4): 1918-29.

مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار

رابطه بارداری هیجانی و ترس از ارزیابی اجتماعی با خودکارآمدی در زنان و مردان

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 26، شماره 3
مرداد و شهریور 1398
صفحه 355-363

رابطه بارداری هیجانی و ترس از ارزیابی اجتماعی با خودکارآمدی در زنان و مردان

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 26، شماره 3مرداد و شهریور 1398صفحه 355-363

دوره 26، شماره 3
مرداد و شهریور 1398
صفحه 355-363