MB ARDESHIR LARIJANI; M MOTASADDI; H HADIZADEH; A FARD ESFAHANIAN; R HESHMAT; O TABATABAEI; S SHARGHI; V HAGHPANAH; E TAHERI; A LASHKARI
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March and April 2006, , Pages 33-39
Abstract
Background and purpose: Pendred syndrome, defined traditionally as the constellation of goiter, sensori-neural hearing loss and positive perchlorate discharge test. Since the relatively newer approaches to the diagnosis of this syndrome, as MRI and genetic and/or molecular analysis are much more expensive ...
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Background and purpose: Pendred syndrome, defined traditionally as the constellation of goiter, sensori-neural hearing loss and positive perchlorate discharge test. Since the relatively newer approaches to the diagnosis of this syndrome, as MRI and genetic and/or molecular analysis are much more expensive and complicated than the traditional approaches, we planned to study the value and reliability of MRI as the sole, or adjunctive diagnostic approach to the syndrome. Materials and methods: We presumed the classic triad is still the most widely accepted gold standard, and compared MRI findings in six such defined patients with six seemingly incomplete forms with goiter and hearing loss, but with negative Perchlorate discharge test.
Results: There were a sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% and 66.7%, respectively for MRI in patients fulfilling all three criteria and 66.7% and 100% for sensitivity and specificity in the group lacking perchlorate test positivity. Conclusion: Although MRI can not replace the holistic approach, In "partial" cases with equivocal findings, and in the evaluation of relatives of the patients MRI may be considered as a valuable diagnostic adjunct.
H AHADI; A DELAVAR; H TOUZANDEH JANI; H AZAD
Volume 11, Issue 4 , January and February 2005, , Pages 33-40
Abstract
Purpose: This study is conducted to investigate the relative efficacy of behavioral cognitive techniques, medical therapy and their combination in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder.
Methods and Material: This study is based on behavioral-cognitive theories and biochemical treatment of mental ...
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Purpose: This study is conducted to investigate the relative efficacy of behavioral cognitive techniques, medical therapy and their combination in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder.
Methods and Material: This study is based on behavioral-cognitive theories and biochemical treatment of mental disorder. Four groups of 8 were randomly selected from among single and married men and women referring to psychotherapy clinics. Obsessive compulsive disorder scale of Madsly, Bell Brown, Salkovskis, Van open and medicinal treatment were used for measurement.
Results: No Significant differences were found to exist between the subjects as for their age, education, sex and duration of suffering from the disorder; however, the difference was significant in their marital status. Also, each individual treatment procedure reduced the symptoms of obsession, depression and anxiety, changed their beliefs, unhealthy feeling and partially improved their social adaptation. However, the combination of medicinal and behavioral-cognitive techniques had higher efficacy.
Conclusion: Behavioral-cognitive procedure came up to be superior to medical therapy except in improving depression.
J TAYEBI
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January and February 2006, , Pages 34-41
Abstract
Background & Purpose: Undoubtedly, nowadays the success of countries in social and economic development depends on their university developing plans; yet achieving this goal is not accessible unless they can bring up experts. University students as one of the most important constituents of the higher ...
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Background & Purpose: Undoubtedly, nowadays the success of countries in social and economic development depends on their university developing plans; yet achieving this goal is not accessible unless they can bring up experts. University students as one of the most important constituents of the higher education system of each country are the foundation for achieving this goal; therefore, any factor that threatens their mental health can cause great loss to the development process of the society and makes the students have a superficial knowledge. So studying the student's mental health and its related factors plays an important role in achieving the mentioned goals. This research has been performed to recognize the student's mental health level so that the positive factors are enforced and the negative ones eliminated.
Methods and Materials: This research is an analytic-descriptive one. Statistical population includes 2158 students entered the university before 1382(2004). The samples are 320 students selected at random. To determine the validity and reliability, 30 students completed the questionnaire as a pretest. After Alpha coefficient got an acceptable mark, data were analyzed by the use of independent T-Tests, one-way variance analysis multivariate regression analysis, samer's D and beta coefficient.
Results: The research results indicated that %33.8 of the students had a high mental health level, %47.2 medium and 19.1% a low one. In addition there was a significant relationship between such parameters as satisfaction rate from the university and instructors, membership in scientific and cultural associations and gender in one hand and the student's mental health on the other.
Conclusion: Since there's a significant relationship between the students' mental health level and their satisfaction from the university, professors and participating in scientific and cultural associations, enforcing the participation of the students in scientific, political and cultural affairs, increasing the students' part time jobs rate, as well as developing psychotherapy and counseling centers, especially at dorms for improving the student's mental health level are proposed as the best instant and continuous remedies.
M FIROOZI; P SALARI; A SAHEBI
Volume 12, Issue 3 , September and October 2005, , Pages 34-40
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Pregnancy is a potentially stressful event which can lead to such complications as nausea, insomnia, preterm labor, preeclampsia and-so on. Due to the spectacular case of developing countries and insufficient information in this regard, the present study is conducted to determine ...
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Background and Purpose: Pregnancy is a potentially stressful event which can lead to such complications as nausea, insomnia, preterm labor, preeclampsia and-so on. Due to the spectacular case of developing countries and insufficient information in this regard, the present study is conducted to determine the stressors associated with pregnancy.
Methods and Materials: This study is a descriptive-analytical research. In order to develop an instrument for determining the stressors appropriate to the social and cultural status of Iranian community, a qualitative approach was adopted to do a semistructured interview with obstetricians and 30 pregnant women who varied in age, parity, education, etc. Content validity used for validation, and Cronbach alpha was calculated (0.75) for the reliability of the instrument. Relevant data were obtained in four categories including personal characteristics, fertility, stressors and social support through multistage sampling and structured interview with 165 qualified pregnant women who referred to private and governmental care centers in Mashad, Iran in 1377 (1998). Data analysis was dined in SPSS using factor analysis and chi-square with the confidence interval of 95 percent.
Results: 51 stressors associated with pregnancy were identified: (1) Health, (2) What people think of me, (3) Environmental matters, (4) Family-Personal Relationships, (5) Religious issues and (6) Financial Problems. The strongest stressor include giving birth to babies with major disease or disorder, labor pain, damage to mother’s health during pregnancy or labor, change in the Planning. 16.7% experienced server stress and 13.6% mild stress. Statistically significant relationships were found to exist between stress and mother’s education, satisfaction of marriage, gravidity, parity, satisfaction rate of pregnancy, social support and partner support (p
MR HAMEDI NIA; S REZAEI
Volume 11, Issue 3 , September and October 2004, , Pages 34-40
Abstract
This Study is intended to study the relationship of physical activity and body fat percentage with some cardiovascular risk factors in faculty members of Sabzevar Teacher Training University in Sabzevar, Iran. For the purposes of the study, 50 male faculty members , with the age of 37 ± 5.7 years, height ...
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This Study is intended to study the relationship of physical activity and body fat percentage with some cardiovascular risk factors in faculty members of Sabzevar Teacher Training University in Sabzevar, Iran. For the purposes of the study, 50 male faculty members , with the age of 37 ± 5.7 years, height of 169 ± 6.9 cm and weight of 76 ± 13 Kg were non-randomly selected; they were 50% of the whole population. Cardiovascular risk factors studied included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, cholesterole, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL and HDL-C/cholestrole ratio. Data analysis using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients revealed significant relationships between body fat percentage and plasma cholestrole, TG, VLDL, HDL-C/cholestrole ratio, BMI and physical activity. However, no significant correlation was observed with plasma glucose, HDL-C, and LDL-C, physical activity showed a significant relationship only with body fat percentage and no such relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors. In general, it is concluded that in the subjects of our study, body fat percentage correlates with cardiovascular risk factors more than physical activity does.
Mehrdad Shariati; Arash Esfandiari; Mehrdad Modarresi; Zahra Rahmani
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March and April 2012, , Pages 34-41
Abstract
Background: Extensive supply of herbal products in today’s societies in normal diet or as medications necessitates conduction of toxicological, histological, and hormonal studies. Awareness of the effects of medicinal plants and their inclusion in the diet can contribute to reproductive health. Since ...
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Background: Extensive supply of herbal products in today’s societies in normal diet or as medications necessitates conduction of toxicological, histological, and hormonal studies. Awareness of the effects of medicinal plants and their inclusion in the diet can contribute to reproductive health. Since Mentha pulegium is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries due to its strong fragrance and beneficial therapeutic effects, this study examined the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Mentha pulegium leaves on the function of pituitary-testicular axis.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats of Wistar strain weighing about 190 220 g were divided into five groups of eight. The control group received nothing, the sham group received distilled water and ethanol, and the experimental groups received 400, 800, and 1600 mg/kg b.w. hydro-alcoholic extract of Mentha pulegium leaves intraperitoneally. The experiment period was 28 days.
Results: In this study, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Furthermore, the number of spermatozoa and Leydig cells had declined in the experimental groups receiving the high dose of the extract. Histological examinations also revealed extensive degenerative changes in the germinal epithelium and spermatogenesis arrest in the experimental groups receiving the high dose of the extract.
Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic extract of Mentha pulegium leaves in low dose had a significant decreasing effect on plasma total testosterone, FSH, and LH levels. The effects of this extract on histological changes of testis were dose-related.
Ali Heidarianpour; Ebrahim Zarrin kalam
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March and April 2013, , Pages 34-41
Abstract
Background: Many evidence showed that exercise training has beneficial effects on skin blood flow in the health and diabetic condition. On the other hand some finding showed that C-peptide has protective and therapeutic effect on vascular dysfunction-induced by diabetes. Therefore the purpose of this ...
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Background: Many evidence showed that exercise training has beneficial effects on skin blood flow in the health and diabetic condition. On the other hand some finding showed that C-peptide has protective and therapeutic effect on vascular dysfunction-induced by diabetes. Therefore the purpose of this study is effects of resistance exercise on vascular function of C-peptide. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, Male wistar rats (220±10g, N=30) were used in two diabetic (control and trained) and one age-matched healthy control groups. After 1 week of diabetes induction, animals were submitted to resistance exercise training for 9
Weeks on ladder. To characterize cutaneous micro vascular responses by Laser Doppler
flowmetery, animals were deeply anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital
sodium (50 mg/kg). For data analysis, one-way ANOVA test was used to compare the groups. Statistically significant difference between the minimum acceptable levels is p<0.05
Results: Local microinjection of c-peptide increased coetaneous blood flow in trained and control diabetic rats, however this effect in trained group is higher than control diabetic group rats. Administration of Nw-nitro-L-arginine (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) before C-peptide reduced significantly C-peptide vascular effects in trained and control diabetic rats. Conclusions: Chronic resistance exercise potentiate C-peptide vascular function, possibly by nitric oxide pathway
Atefeh Soltanifar; Vahideh Moghadam Hoseini; Farzaneh Jafarnejad; Saeed Ebrahimzadeh
Volume 16, Issue 1 , March and April 2009, , Pages 35-42
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Mother–infant attachment has gained momentum in mental health in recent years. Also partner violence against pregnant women is an important health problem all over the world. The present study was designed to determine the relationship between domestic violence intensity in ...
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Background and Purpose: Mother–infant attachment has gained momentum in mental health in recent years. Also partner violence against pregnant women is an important health problem all over the world. The present study was designed to determine the relationship between domestic violence intensity in pregnancy and mother-infant attachment. Methods and Materials: In this deh1ive analytical study 102 pregnant women admitted to healthcare centers in Mashad in 2008 were included through stratified clustered sampling. Information on domestic violence during pregnancy was collected through "Conflict Tactics Scale" and "Mother to Infant Attachment Inventory" 4-5 weeks after delivery. Obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Spearman correlation coefficient Kruskal Wallis Mann Whitney U and multiple regression. Results: In general 89.2% of women experienced very mild 9.8% experienced mild and 1% moderate levels of domestic experience from their partners. Negative significant relationships were found to exist between verbal (p=0.032 r= - 0/21) and physical violence (p=0.005 r= - 0.27) injuries (p=0.018 r= - 0.23) total score of violence (p=0.002 r= - 0.29) and mother-infant attachment. Also mean scores of psychological (p=0.026 ms=15/9±12/94) and physical (p=0.002 ms=9/1±11/12) violence injuries (p=0.006 ms= 2/5±3/47) and total score of violence (p=0.038 ms= 47/6±33/68) were significantly higher in the group of partners dissatisfied from the pregnancy of their wives. However no significant differences were found between educational levels of men and women and different types of violence. Conclusion: The results indicate the correlation of verbal and physical violence as well as injuries during pregnancy with mother–infant attachment.
K MIRZAKHANI
Volume 12, Issue 2 , July and August 2005, , Pages 36-41
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cervical Cancer is one of the most Common cancers in the world and is primarily diagnosed by pap smear. This study was conducted to determined the effect of endocervix-exocervix order in sampling on pap smear results in women referring to Imamreza Clinic in Mashad, Iran.
Methods ...
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Background and Purpose: Cervical Cancer is one of the most Common cancers in the world and is primarily diagnosed by pap smear. This study was conducted to determined the effect of endocervix-exocervix order in sampling on pap smear results in women referring to Imamreza Clinic in Mashad, Iran.
Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial, 211 women were conveniently sampled for the study; within a month, their samples of endocervix-exocervix (control) and exocervix-endocervix (case) were obtained. Uninterpretable or limited interpretations of pap smear due to blood, spoiled samples due to dry air or endocervix cells were compared. Chi-square and ratio Comparison were used to determind the significant differences of the quality and efficiency of samples in two methods.
Results: 97.2% of the exocervix-endocervix samples and 96.7% of the opposite-order samples contained endocervix cells, which rendered no significant difference between the two methods (p=0.2). Obscured pap smear results due to blood were found more in endocervix-exocervix samples (p=0.0003). No significant difference was found to exist between the two groups as there were no obscured or limited interpretations due to dry air.
Conclusion: Samples of the exocervix-endocervix order were of better quality
Zahra Eftekhari yazdi; Hasan Abdollahzadeh
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 36-42
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing age at menarche in sabzevarian girls, for health policy.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive –analytical study, we enrolled 400 girls aged 10-17 years, whose menstruation had started during 6 months ...
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Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing age at menarche in sabzevarian girls, for health policy.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive –analytical study, we enrolled 400 girls aged 10-17 years, whose menstruation had started during 6 months before the study; and lived in Sabzevar at least for 3 years ago. Data such as demographic information, height and weight of the girls were collected using a checklist, and analyzed in SPSS 11.5 software. Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to determine relationships, and T test for qualitative variables.
Results: The mean age of the participants, age at menarche, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were 12.88±1.26 years, 15.12 ± 1.53 years, 53 ±10.49 kg, 160.49±0.07 cm, and 20.58 ±3.83 kg/m2, respectively. There was a significant correlation between age at menarche, and height (P
Mojtaba Akramian Fard; Amir Moghaddam Ahmadi; Fatemeh Ayyobi; Hasan Nakisa; Zahra Hadadian; Mohammad Shabani; Mohammadollah Tavakoli; Ali Shamsi zadeh
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 36-44
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stresses have some role in neuronal pathogenesis in Substantia nigra and induction of Parkinson's disease. It has been reported that Achillea millefolium has antioxidant and nuoropropective effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of Aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium ...
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Background: Oxidative stresses have some role in neuronal pathogenesis in Substantia nigra and induction of Parkinson's disease. It has been reported that Achillea millefolium has antioxidant and nuoropropective effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of Aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium in a Parkinson’s diseases model induced by ICV injection of 6-hydroxydopamin in male rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 60 male rats were allocated into 6 groups including Control, Parkinson’s and Parkinson’s groups which treated by different doses of extract. Parkinson’s was induced by i.c.v injection of 6-OHDA. Aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium (1.4 and 2.8 mg/kg) was gavaged by two ways including repeated gavage (14 days before and for 14 days after 6-OHDA injection) and acute gavage (once in day 13 after 6-OHDA injection). Parkinson’s was evaluated using Rotarod and Wire grasping tests on day 14 after 6-OHDA injection.
Results: The result of this study demonstrated that repeated gavage of Achillea millefolium extract improved motility and muscle tone following administration of 6-OHDA in rats (p
Z ABEDIAN; SR MAZLOOM; Z SHOJAEIAN; N MOKHBER
Volume 12, Issue 1 , March and April 2005, , Pages 37-43
Abstract
Background and purpose: Hormonal changes, hot flush and peri-menopausal crises affect women's mental; health and predisposes them to depression. Hormone replacement therapy is applied to treat menopausal symptoms but its effect on depression is in question. Therefore / this research is Conducted to determine ...
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Background and purpose: Hormonal changes, hot flush and peri-menopausal crises affect women's mental; health and predisposes them to depression. Hormone replacement therapy is applied to treat menopausal symptoms but its effect on depression is in question. Therefore / this research is Conducted to determine the effect of hormone replacement therapy on menopausal depression.
Methods and Materials: In this quasi - experimental study 40 menopausal women from Mashad, with no history of hormone therapy psychiatric disorders and no Contraindication of hormone therapy, were selected and divided into 2 groups according to their own tendency. The experimental group received 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen and 2.5 mg medroxy progesterone acetate daily for six weeks; the control group received nothing. Sample selection checklists, demographic questionnaire, Beck's depression inventory, premenstrual syndrome test, Cassidy social support scale, Uzeng self- esteem, and attitudes toward menopause and hormone therapy were utilized for data collection. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using independent and paired t- tests, as well as two - way ANOVA.
Results: mean depression score at the outset for the control and experimental groups were 21.85±8.4 and 20.25±7.5 and at the end of the study 17.00±8.7 and 15.5±7.6 respectively; this implied a significant difference in each group. However, the difference between the two groups was not significant.
Conclusion: The results indicated no significant different in utilizing or not utilizing Hormone Replacement therapy on menopausal depression. Therefore, longitudinal and more extensive researches are recommended to Study the issue.
E SHIRZADEH; AA BOLOURIAN
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March and April 2007, , Pages 38-43
Abstract
Background and purpose: Cataract is the lens opacity which brings about vision disorders and is generally divided into four types: congenital, traumatic, secondary and age-related. It is commonly a disease of middle-age and geriatric age and the main factor in low vision and blindness throughout the ...
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Background and purpose: Cataract is the lens opacity which brings about vision disorders and is generally divided into four types: congenital, traumatic, secondary and age-related. It is commonly a disease of middle-age and geriatric age and the main factor in low vision and blindness throughout the world. This study is intended to survey the prevalence of cataract in the rural population of Sabzevar in Iran.
Methods and Materials: This research is a cross-sectional epidemiological descriptive study. 40 villages were selected through cluster sampling and the statistical population included all rural residents in 2002-2004 (1381-1383). 2805 subjects (with the age range of 11 days to 92 years old) participated in the primary screening which consisted of tests of visual acuity, red reflex, retinoscopy and the examination of anterior segment via torch or ophthalmoscope. Subjects with visual disorders or defected red reflex were referred to ophthalmologist for complete examinations.
Results: Mean age for 1014 male (40.5%) and 1494 female (59.5%) were 27.84±22.07 and 27.90±19.05 years respectively.
The overall prevalence of cataract was 6% (confidence interval 95%). Its prevalence in men and women were 7.8% and 4.8% respectively.
Conclusion: Regarding the limited number of similar epidemiological studies in Iran, further studies can be helpful in estimating the magnitude of cataract and visual disorders due to cataract in the rural population since estimating the magnitude of this controllable disease can be of considerable personal, social and economical advantages.
Mosareza Tadayyonfar; Naghmeh Razzaghi; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 39-47
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Domestic violence against women is considered as one of the general and mental health concerns and covers a variety of injuries incurred on married women. It is the most common form of violence against wives which affects other health priorities including maternal well-being and ...
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Background and Purpose: Domestic violence against women is considered as one of the general and mental health concerns and covers a variety of injuries incurred on married women. It is the most common form of violence against wives which affects other health priorities including maternal well-being and safety, mental health and family planning. The present research was conducted to study the prevalence of domestic violence and related factors. Methods and Materials: In 2007, this descriptive analytical research was conducted on 396 married women (selected through convenient sampling) who were admitted to the Health Clinics in Sabzevar, Iran. They were given the Index of Spouse Violence to fill out, and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square, Fisher’s test, and Student t-test. Results: The most common forms of violence were mental violence (29.2%), followed by sexual violence (28%), and physical violence (10.8%). It was found that home violence correlated with the couple’s educational level, husband’s addiction, experience of violent behavior in the couple’s childhood, familial relation between the couple, spouse’s physical or nervous disease, place of birth, and the number of children (p
M MAHMOUDI; H ZERAATI; A AKABERI; F MAJLESI
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March and April 2008, , Pages 40-45
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Epidemiologists have always been sought to discover factors influencing populations so that they can control population growth. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of socioeconomic and demographic factors with fertility.
Methods and Materials: This deh1ive ...
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Background and Purpose: Epidemiologists have always been sought to discover factors influencing populations so that they can control population growth. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of socioeconomic and demographic factors with fertility.
Methods and Materials: This deh1ive analytical study was conducted in two stages in 2003 on 1300 families in the Northwestern province of Azarbaijan-Gharbi in Iran. The study data were collected through questionnaires and interview. The relationship between woman's age marital age marital duration sexual preference number of wanted children stillbirth child death education and employment couples age difference and fertility was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient stepwise multiple linear regression and ANCOVA in SPSS.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 32.61±7.97 and mean live birth was 2.39±1.82. In the regression model child death number of wanted children sexual preference marital duration with positive coefficients and couples education with negative coefficients emerged. Fertility in marriages under 15 years (4.20±2.43) was significantly higher than other marital age groups. Fertility was higher in illiterate or low-education women. Mean wanted child in women of younger than 20 years old and women of 40-49 years of age were 2.9±0.56 and 3.37±0.84 respectively.
Conclusion: As the results suggest child death sexual preference desire to bear more infants and marriage before the age of 15 are associated with higher fertility rates. Illiterate or Low-education women are more fertile than other educational groups. Mean wanted children in women of under 20 years of age is higher than the current fertility rate (2.39).
H PAK; F ALBORZI; A LASHKARI; SH BARZEGAR; SH GHAFARI; M SAEIDI; V HAGHPANAH; P RAHIMPOUR; P SHOUSHTARIZADEH; R HESHMAT
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March and April 2006, , Pages 40-45
Abstract
Background and purpose: Vitamin D is an antiproliferative agent against cancer cells and regulates cell differentiation. It acts via Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). The VDR gene contains a Start Colon Polymorphism (SCP) that can be detected with the restriction enzyme Fok I. Previous studies report an association ...
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Background and purpose: Vitamin D is an antiproliferative agent against cancer cells and regulates cell differentiation. It acts via Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). The VDR gene contains a Start Colon Polymorphism (SCP) that can be detected with the restriction enzyme Fok I. Previous studies report an association of SCP and some diseases and some suggest that this polymorphism alters VDR function. As no studies so far have reported the association between Fok I genotype in Thyroid cancer, this study is intended to determine the association of Fok I polymorphism of VDR with thyroid cancer risks in Iranian population.
Methods and Materials: 58 patients with papillary carcinoma, 13 patients with follicular carcinoma and 82 controls participated in a case-control study. A PCR-RFLP method used to determine VDR gene polymorphism in start codon characterized by the restriction enzyme Fok I. 95% confidence intervals and odds ratio were calculated for testing the relationship between Fok I polymorphism and thyroid cancer.
Results: The odds ratio for the Fok I polymorphism on thyroid cancer was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.12-1.27), witch signifies no relationship between this polymorphism and the ris of thyroid cancer.
Conclusion: As no relationship was found between this polymorphism and thyroid cancer, other genetic or environmental factors may be considered in thyroid cancer.
GH.R AZARI; AJ MARJANI; GH.R VAGHARI; ME KORDJAZI
Volume 11, Issue 4 , January and February 2005, , Pages 40-45
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease with a prevalence of 1 to 2% in the world. It predisposes to other disease, such as cardiovascular diseases. This study was conducted to examine some of the problems of these patients.
Methods and Material: 334 subjects (109 male and 225 female) ...
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Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease with a prevalence of 1 to 2% in the world. It predisposes to other disease, such as cardiovascular diseases. This study was conducted to examine some of the problems of these patients.
Methods and Material: 334 subjects (109 male and 225 female) were randomly selected as study samples. Having responded to a questionnaire including economic and social questions, the subjects were examined to measure their height and weight as well as some biochemical tests.
Results: The findings revealed that 24.9% suffered from type I and 75.1% form type II diabetes; 31% were illiterate and 47% were of elementary education. In 49.9% of the type I sufferers and 85.2% of the type II sufferers, BMI was above 25. Ale hemoglobin was over 8% in 85.3% of the subjects. FBS higher than 110 mg/dl was observed in 73.2% and 86.4% of type I and type II sufferers respectively. The cholesterol level was higher than 259 in 9.1% and 27.3%; and triglyceride level was higher than 170 mg/dl in type I and II sufferers respectively.
Conclusion: Therefore, as a high percentage (75%) of the patients were from type II sufferers with no appropriate care giving, a suitable training schedule is necessary to control the weight, sugar and cholesterol as well as other indexes of patients attended diabetes clinics.
Mehdi Golafrooz Shahri; Mahmood Rivandi; Akram Kooshki
Volume 18, Issue 1 , March and April 2011, , Pages 41-46
Abstract
Background and Purpose: There is evidence on the anti-obesity effects of dietary calcium. Most employees have low physical activity and due to many rounds of work، their nutritional intake is affected، and around one-fifth of them suffer from overweight. The present study was conducted to investigate ...
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Background and Purpose: There is evidence on the anti-obesity effects of dietary calcium. Most employees have low physical activity and due to many rounds of work، their nutritional intake is affected، and around one-fifth of them suffer from overweight. The present study was conducted to investigate the correlation of dietary calcium and anthropometric indices in the staff of Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar، Iran.
Methods and Materials: The cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 300 employees at Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar، Iran. Their weight، height، hip and arm circumference were measured by standardized procedures to take a record in data collection forms. A 24-hour recall form was given for two successive days to each participant، and a food frequency form was completed for the annual nutritional pattern of each participant. The food intake by grams was given into the Food Processor 3 software. Then، each participant’s data on nutrients and their anthropometric readings were fed into SPSS 14 for analyzing by independent t-test، Person correlation coefficient، One-way and Two-way ANOVA.
Results: In this study، 77.9% of the participants had normal weight and 22.1% were overweight. Mean calcium intake was 1843.57±1383 and 1023.99±703.71 mg/day in men and women، respectively. No correlation was observed between calcium، BMI (p=o.52) and body weight (p=0.22). However، there was significant negative correlation between dietary calcium and hip (p=0.01) and arm circumference (p=0.04) in men.
Conclusion: The results showed that there is no significant correlation between dietary calcium، BMI and body weight.
M BODAGHABADI
Volume 12, Issue 3 , September and October 2005, , Pages 41-46
Abstract
Background and purpose: Violence is a pattern of coercive behavior designed to exert power and control over a person in an intimate relationship through the use of intimidating, threatening, harmful or harassing behavior. This significant social hassle affects all female life particularly their pregnancy ...
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Background and purpose: Violence is a pattern of coercive behavior designed to exert power and control over a person in an intimate relationship through the use of intimidating, threatening, harmful or harassing behavior. This significant social hassle affects all female life particularly their pregnancy life, when its prevalence varies between 0.9% and 20%. On the other hand, due to the naturally stressful experience of pregnancy, its association with violent behaviors can have adverse effects on both mother and the baby. There have been reports of low birth weight cases, early labor and still births in such victims but no comprehensive study has been conducted in this regard. The purpose of this study has been to determine the pregnancy outcome in pregnant women who had been victims of physical violence by their spouses.
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 587 pregnant women selected through convenient sampling. Data collection was done through observation and face-to-face interview. Content validity and simultaneous observation were used to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and checklist, respectively.
Results: 14.5% of the subjects were under domestic violence during pregnancy. Also, in victims of domestic violence the third phase of labor was significantly longer (p
M AHMADI
Volume 11, Issue 3 , September and October 2004, , Pages 41-45
Abstract
Birth weight is one of the most important factors in determining the neonatal status. Low birth weight is associated with infant’s morbidity, where mortality rate is 40 times greater than those born with normal birth weight. In this study, 86 neonates with birth weight less than 2500 gr. were sampled ...
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Birth weight is one of the most important factors in determining the neonatal status. Low birth weight is associated with infant’s morbidity, where mortality rate is 40 times greater than those born with normal birth weight. In this study, 86 neonates with birth weight less than 2500 gr. were sampled in 6 months. They were all term and were not low weight by nature. Maternal age, neonates sex, parity, family members, mother’s education and job, social status, blood pressure, history of low birth weight delivery, area of residence, gestational intake of iron and calcium, history of malignant gestational nausea and vomiting and vaginal infections were the variables to be studied. Interview checklists, weight scale and sphygmomanometer were used for data collection. Findings revealed a significant relationship between intrauterine growth restriction and factors such as parity, mother’s age, blood pressure and gestational nausea and vomiting. In other words, the older the mothers, the higher the birth weigh of their infants. Mothers with bp higher than 140/90 mmHg gave birth to lower - weight infants. Also, low birth weight infants were observed with mothers having experienced malignant gestational nausea and vomiting.
F HEYDARIAN; A HASHEMZADEH
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January and February 2006, , Pages 42-47
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Etiology of pediatric admission is changing. In this study the most common causes of children’s admission and duration of hospitalization were reviewed. In regard to complications of disorders, the results of this study will promote managing and facilities in pediatric ward.
Methods ...
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Background and Purpose: Etiology of pediatric admission is changing. In this study the most common causes of children’s admission and duration of hospitalization were reviewed. In regard to complications of disorders, the results of this study will promote managing and facilities in pediatric ward.
Methods and materials: Pediatric patients admitted to Qa’em Hospital in Mashad, Iran in one year were studied. After filling out the questionnaires using the patient’s records, relevant data were analyzed in SPSS and Excel using chi-sequence and t-test.
Results: Among 800 admitted fever in 57.8%, convulsion in 41%, cough in 20.9% and dyspnea in 7.3% of cases were chief complains. The most common diagnosis included febrile convulsion (41.4%), pneumonia (13.4%), bronchiolitis (8.6%) and asthma (5%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of pneumonia, acute bronchiolitis and febrile convulsion were more common than world’s statistics. But asthma is lower than other regions. Therefore, attention to infections disease and respiratory system disease in particular is necessary.
BASIRI MOGHADAM; SALARI
Volume 12, Issue 2 , July and August 2005, , Pages 42-47
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Personality types are a major factor in deter miring the behavior and mental health of university students and hardiness, as a personal characteristic, affects the resistance of people against stress. This study is conducted on the students of Gonabad Islamic Azad University to ...
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Background and Purpose: Personality types are a major factor in deter miring the behavior and mental health of university students and hardiness, as a personal characteristic, affects the resistance of people against stress. This study is conducted on the students of Gonabad Islamic Azad University to find the relationship between three personality types (introversion, neuroticism and psychoticism) and hardiness.
Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional, analytic, bivariate and single-group study, 376 university students were randomly sampled out of the students at Gonabad Islamic Azad University in the fall of 2003. Relevant data were collected by demographic data forms, Ahwas Hardiness questionnaire and Eyserk personality inventory. (including introversion, neuroticism and psychoticism).
Results: Findings revealed that the distribution of these three personality types is of significant difference. Also, one-way ANOVA results indicated a significant difference between hardiness and three personality types.
Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between the three personality types and hardiness, a well-planned educational program can enhance "hardiness" to a desirable level so that inter personal tension is effectively reduced in various circumstances.
Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini; Zahra Hojati Oshtovani; Hossein Soltani; Seyyed Alireza Hossein Kakhk
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March and April 2012, , Pages 42-51
Abstract
Background and objective: There is a significant relationship between pulmonary function and general health and mortality. The matching between ventilation and perfusion is an effective factor in pulmonary function. This study investigated the effect of 24 sessions of interval aerobic training on pulmonary ...
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Background and objective: There is a significant relationship between pulmonary function and general health and mortality. The matching between ventilation and perfusion is an effective factor in pulmonary function. This study investigated the effect of 24 sessions of interval aerobic training on pulmonary volumes and capacities and maximal oxygen consumption in sedentary girl students.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study with pre- and post-test design, 30 healthy sedentary girl students were selected and randomly allocated to experimental (N = 15) or control (N = 15) groups. The experimental group performed 24 sessions of 45 minute interval aerobic running while the control group had no training program. Before and after the training program, pulmonary volumes and capacities and peak oxygen consumption were evaluated via spirometry tests and Bruce treadmill protocol, respectively.
Results: Exercise training resulted in 62% increase in ERV (p = 0.004), 65% increase in PEV (p = 0.03), 35% increase in MVV (p = 0.03), and 23% increase in VO2max (p = 0.001). Also, training had no significant effect on TV, IRV, FVC, PIV, and FEV1/FVC. In spite of increase in TV, IRV, and FEV1, FVC, PIV, MEF-25%FVC, FMEF-25%-75%FVC, and FEV1/FVC, training had no significant effect on these variables. However, the effect of training on the increase of ERV, PEF, MEF-50%FVC, MEF-75%FVC, MVV and VO2peak was significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Aerobic training in young girls improves capability and coordination of respiratory muscles, especially expiratory muscles, and causes improvement in lung function via increasing some lung volumes and capacities.
Enayatollah Bakhshi; Ahmad Delbari; Maliheh Sabour; Ahmad Ali akbari kamrani; Hamidreza Yavari; Robab Sahhaf
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March and April 2013, , Pages 42-50
Abstract
Background: To identify the prevalence of polypharmacy (concurrent use of 5 or more medications) and the most frequent medications and medication groups used by the elderly residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation (KCF). Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 237 elderly ...
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Background: To identify the prevalence of polypharmacy (concurrent use of 5 or more medications) and the most frequent medications and medication groups used by the elderly residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation (KCF). Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 237 elderly residents of KCF (134 female), aged 60 or more, who have been taking care since the spring of 2010. A randomized cluster sampling was done. Polypharmacy was defined as concurrent use of 5 or more medications, prescribed or non-prescribed, excluding locally effective and "PRN" drugs. Classification of medication groups was based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) system. The SPSS software was applied for descriptive analysis.
Results: Mean number of drugs used for any resident was 5.10(±3.22). Prevalence of polypharmacy was 52.3%. The most frequent used medications among attendants were Calcium-Vit.D, Nitrocantin (Glyceryl Trinitrate), and Atenolol, and in polypharmacy group were Calcium-Vit.D, Nitrocantin, and Aspirin. The most frequent medication groups used by both, the attendants and polypharmacy groups, were Cardiovascular drugs, Nervous system drugs, and Alimentary/Metabolism drugs.
Results: The mean number of drugs used for any resident and prevalence of polypharmacy was high among the elderly residents of KCF. Conclusion: More pharmaco-epidemiological studies should be conducted to assess drug use status in Iranian elderly people, specially nursing homes residents, and guidelines should be presented for decreasing the incidence and prevalence of polypharmacy in this population.
AmirAshkan Nasiripoor; Ali Hejazi; MohammadReza Maleki; MohammadJamil Kakhani
Volume 16, Issue 1 , March and April 2009, , Pages 43-49
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Organization Performance particularly in health and treatment sectors is considered as a basis for qualitative and quantitative development. Health and treatment systems also need performance improvement and measurement in order to grow and develop. This study is a comparative ...
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Background and Purpose: Organization Performance particularly in health and treatment sectors is considered as a basis for qualitative and quantitative development. Health and treatment systems also need performance improvement and measurement in order to grow and develop. This study is a comparative study of performance measurement in Iran and some developed countries with the purpose of application in the Iranian health and treatment system. Methods and Materials: In this deh1ive comparative study countries with successful experiences in measuring the performance such as Australia Canada Netherlands Sweden England and the United States were chosen. In order to collect information from these countries different sources like journals textbooks internet databases and e-mail communications were used. Collected information about these countries was summarized and classified according to intended variables and were analyzed finally in comparative tables. Results: Majority of the countries in the research had employed criteria such as credibility reliability realness timing relevance accuracy and appropriacy in their performance measurement programs and had used the findings in budgeting process. Applying the results of performance measurement has also been stressed in decision making and budgeting. Performance measurement is conducted in two dimensions in Iran: general and specific. Conclusion: The results of this study has shown that in most developed countries good performance indexes performance appraisal models and the use of performance measurement findings in decision making and budgeting are applied