ایمنی درمانی سرطان: استفاده از سیستم ایمنی برای مبارزه با سرطان

نوری دلویی, محمدرضا; صدر, زهرا

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

¹ استاد، دکترای ژنتیک مولکولی پزشکی، دانشکدة پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

² کارشناسارشد ژنتیک انسانی، دانشکدة پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

چکیده

زمینه امروزه درمان سرطان، از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های علوم پزشکی به شمار می‌آید. جراحی، شیمی درمانی، پرتودرمانی یا ترکیبی از این روش‌ها برای کوچک کردن و از بین بردن تومور استفاده می‌شود. هورمون درمانی، پیوند سلول‌های بنیادی و مغز استخوان و ایمنی درمانی، دیگر شیوه‌های درمانی هستند.
مواد و روش‌ها ایمنی درمانی با استفاده از سیستم ایمنی، پس از جراحی، شیمی درمانی و پرتودرمانی از مهم‌ترین روش‌های مکمل در درمان سرطان است. این روش به‌طور سیستمیک انجام شده و برای جلوگیری از گسترش بدخیمی‌ها به کار می‌رود، اما در ایمنی درمانی به سلول‌های بدخیم حمله می‌شود و بر سلول‌های سالم بدن تأثیر چندانی نداشته، و اختصاصی عمل می‌کند. ایمنی درمانی سرطان در صورت به‌کارگیری مستقیم اجزای سیستم ایمنی و ایجاد پاسخ ایمنی فعال، ایمنی درمانی فعال، و در صورت تحریک غیرمستقیم و استفاده از محصولات ایمنی مانند آنتی‌بادی مونوکلونال، ایمنی درمانی غیرفعال خوانده می‌شود.
یافته‌ها نتایج حاکی از تأثیر درمان‌های ترکیبی در درمان سرطان، شامل ترکیب انواع روش‌های متداول درمان با ایمنی درمانی در کنار هم است. در این مقاله مروری مهم‌ترین پیشرفت‌های اخیر در ایمنی‌شناسی و ایمنی درمانی سرطان بررسی و بحث می‌شود. همچنین به سازوکارهای زمینه‌ساز فرار سلول‌های سرطانی از سیستم ایمنی اشاره شده است که به شناسایی درمان‌های جدید می‌انجامد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Cancer immunotherapy: Use the immune system to fight cancer

نویسندگان [English]

Mohammad Reza Noori-Daloii ¹
Zahra Sadr ²

¹ Professor, PhD of Medical Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

² M.Sc. of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background & Objectives Cancer treatment is still one of the main challenges in the field of basic science and clinical science in medicine. Surgery is often the first option in the treatment of cancer, providing the tumor in a way that can be removed. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of both can be used to reduce the tumor in the pre- or post-surgical stage. Hormone therapy, stem cell and bone marrow cell transplantation, and immunotherapy are among other therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy or the use of the immune system for treatment, after chemotherapy and radiation therapy is one of the most important complementary and effective methods for treating cancer. Immunotherapy such as chemotherapy is systematically done and used to prevent the spread of malignancies, but unlike that only attacks malignant cells and does not effect on normal cells. Cancer, immune therapy with the direct use of immune system components and makes an active immune response such as stimulating the patient's immune system cells and reintroducing these cells to the individual. Indirect stimulation and the use of immune products such as anti-cancer monoclonal antibody to remove tumor antigens is called passive immune therapy. Results The results from clinical trials confirm the design of combined therapies for cancer treatment, which include a combination of various immune therapies along with chemotherapy or the combination of several therapeutic immunotherapy approaches. Conclusion The goal of this review article is to concisely review some of the most important recent developments in cancer immunology and immunotherapy, and explain new insights into the mechanisms that underlie cancer immune evasion by which might lead to pathways for identifying novel treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

cancer immunotherapy
CAR T-cells
inflammation
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)

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مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار

ایمنی درمانی سرطان: استفاده از سیستم ایمنی برای مبارزه با سرطان

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 26، شماره 1
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398
صفحه 1-11

ایمنی درمانی سرطان: استفاده از سیستم ایمنی برای مبارزه با سرطان

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 26، شماره 1فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398صفحه 1-11

دوره 26، شماره 1
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398
صفحه 1-11