اضطراب تصویر بدنی در زنان؛ مقایسه دو رویکرد درمانی شناختی- رفتاری و روان‌درمانی بین-فردی

یوسفی, آیت اله; طاهر, محبوبه; آقایی, حکیمه; باقری نیا, حسن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دکترای تخصصی روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

² استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران

³ استادیار ﮔﺮوه روان‌شناسی، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ادﺑﯿﺎت و ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺣﮑﯿﻢ ﺳﺒﺰواری، ﺳﺒﺰوار، اﯾﺮان

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: توجه گزینشی و درک نادرست از تصویر بدنی می‌تواند به اضطراب منجر شود. هدف پژوهش، مقایسه اثربخشی روان-درمانی بینفردی و درمان شناختی- رفتاری بر اضطراب ناشی از تصویر بدنی در زنان مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز جراحی زیبایی بود
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل است. جامعه آماری پژوهش کلیه زنان 40- 23 سال مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز زیبایی شهر مشهد بودند که تعداد 45 نفر از آنان با روش در دسترس انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی در سه گروه 15 نفره که دو گروه آن آزمایش و یک گروه گواه بود، گمارده شدند. سپس پرسش‌نامه اضطراب اجرا و سپس جلسات دو روش درمانی اجرا شد. در پایان جلسات، پس‌آزمون به عمل آمد. داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار spss نسخه 22 تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند
یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد که روش درمان شناختی- رفتاری نسبت به روش رواندرمانی بین فردی بر اضطراب زنان مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز جراحی زیبایی مؤثرتر است. همچنین نتایج آزمون تعقیبی بنفرنی نشان میدهد که درمان شناختی رفتاری و رواندرمانی بینفردی در کاهش اضطراب مؤثرند (0.01> P)؛ همچنین بین دو گروه آزمایش تفاوت وجود دارد و گروه درمانی شناختی- رفتاری نسبت به گروه رواندرمانی بینفردی در کاهش اضطراب مؤثرتر است (0.01> P).
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌نظر می‌رسد بهترین نشانه برای اقدام به جراحی زیبایی نداشتن اعتمادبه‌نفس همراه با تمایل به تعامل اجتماعی و تمرکز افراطی بر یک ویژگی فیزیکی خاص باشد. اثربخشی درمان شناختی- رفتاری بر کاهش اضطراب تصویر بدنی می‌تواند ناشی از نقش مهم تفسیرهای ذهنی و عادات رفتاری بر اضطراب باشد. بهبود در وضعیت ادراک از بدن در فرد مبتلا به اضطراب باعث کاستن از توجه انتخابی به نقطه‌ای از بدن می‌شود و در نتیجه آن اضطراب کاهش می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

روانشناسی و روانپزشکی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Body Image Anxiety in Women; Comparison of Two Cognitive-Behavioral and Interpersonal Treatment Approaches

نویسندگان [English]

ayatollah Usefi ¹
mahboobe taher ²
Hakimeh Aghaee ²
hassan bagherinia ³

¹ PhD student, Department psychology, faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, shahrood, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

³ Assistant professor, Department Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Selective attention and misunderstanding of body image can lead to anxiety. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on loneliness caused by body image in women referred to cosmetic surgery centers.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study was all women aged 23-40 years who referred to beauty centers in Mashhad, 45 of whom were selected by random sampling in three groups of 15 people. Then an anxiety questionnaire was administered and sessions of two treatments were performed. At the end of the post-test sessions.
Results: Research has shown that cognitive-behavioral method is more effective than interpersonal psychotherapy on the feeling of loneliness in women referred to cosmetic surgery centers.
Conclusion: The best sign for cosmetic surgery seems to be a lack of self-confidence with a tendency to social interaction and an extreme focus on a particular physical feature. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing body image anxiety can be due to the important role of mental interpretations and behavioral habits on anxiety. Improving the state of perception of the body in a person with anxiety reduces the selective attention to a point in the body and thus reduces anxiety.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Interpersonal psychotherapy
Cognitive-behavior therapy
Anxiety
Body image

مراجع

1.Wu Y, Alleva JM, Broers NJ, Mulkens S. Attitudes towards cosmetic surgery among women in China and the Netherlands. Plos one. 2022; 17(4): e0267451.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267451

2.Kinnally, W., & Van Vonderen, K, E. Body Image and the Role of Television Clarifying and Modelling the Effect of Television on Body Dissatisfaction. Journal of Creative Communications, 2014; 9(3), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973258614545016

3.Frederick DA, Tylka TL, Rodgers RF, Pennesi JL, Convertino L, Parent MC, Brown TA, Compte EJ, Cook-Cottone CP, Crerand CE, Malcarne VL. Pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction among women: The US Body Project I. Body Image. 2022; 41:195-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.02.001

4.Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M.; Richardson, B.; Lewis, V.; Smyth, J., & Krug, I. Do women with greater trait body dissatisfaction experience body dissatisfaction states differently? An experience sampling study. Body Image, 2018, 25, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.01.004

5.Levine, M. P., & Piran, N. The role of body image in the prevention of eating disorders. Body image. 2004; 1(1), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00006-8

6.Rodgers, R. F. & DuBois, R. H. (2016). Cognitive biases to appearance-related stimuli in body dissatisfaction: A systematic review, Clinical Psychology Review, 46, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.006

7.Chong, S., & Davis, R. Can't take my eyes off me: Attentional bias of the vulnerable narcissist. Personality and Individual Differences .2017; 106. 308–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.044

8.Uusberg, H., Peet, K., Uusberg, A., & Akkermann, K. Attention biases in preoccupation with body image: An ERP study of the role of social comparison and automaticity when processing body size. Biological psychology. 2018; 135, 136-148.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.03.007

9.White, J., & Halliwell, E. Examination of a sociocultural model of excessive exercise among male and female adolescents. Body Image .2010; 7(3), 227-233.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.02.002

10.Frederick DA, Kelly MC, Latner JD, Sandhu G, Tsong Y. (2016). Body image and face image in Asian American and white women: Examining associations with surveillance, construal of self, perfectionism, and sociocultural pressures. Body image; 16:113-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.12.002

11.Pearson A, Macera MH, Follette V. Acceptance and commitment therapy for body image dissatisfaction: A practitioner's guide to using mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based behavior change strategies. New Harbinger Publications; 2010. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2011.584816

12.Akbari M, Boostani D, Zeadabadi E. Effective factors on the rate of cosmetics use among female students. Journal of Woman in Culture Arts. 2015; 7(4):437-53. https://doi.org/10.22059/jwica.2015.58352

13.Ishigooka J, Iwao M, Suzuki M, Fukuyama Y, Murasaki M, & Miura S. Demographic features of patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1998;52(3):283-7. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1819.1998.00388.x

14.Sarwer DB, Wadden TA, Pertschuk MJ, Whitaker LA. The psychology of cosmetic surgery: A review and reconceptualization. Clinical psychology review. 1998 J;18(1):1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(97)00047-0

15.Meningaud JP, Benadiba L, Servant JM, Herve C, Bertrand JC, Pelicier Y. Depression, anxiety and quality of life: outcome 9 months after facial cosmetic surgery. Journal of cranio-maxillofacial surgery. 2003;31(1):46-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-5182(02)00159-2

16.Golshani S, Mani A, Toubaei S, Farnia V, Sepehry AA, Alikhani M. Personality and psychological aspects of cosmetic surgery. Aesthetic plastic surgery. 2016;40(1):38-47.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.09.004

17.Onalan, E., Sahin, S.Y. and Iyigun, E. 2021. Investigation of the relationship between university students’ social appearance anxiety and their attitudes towards aesthetic surgery. Turkish Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2021;29(2), p.116.

https://doi.org/10.4103/tjps.tjps_62_20

18.Rubinstein HR, Foster JL. 'I don't know whether it is to do with age or to do with hormones and whether it is do with a stage in your life': making sense of menopause and the body. J Health Psychol. 2013 Feb;18(2):292-307.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312454040

19.Swami V, Robinson C, Furnham A. Associations between body image, social physique anxiety, and dating anxiety in heterosexual emerging adults. Body Image. 2021; 39:305-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.10.004

20.Swami V, Horne G, Furnham A. COVID-19-related stress and anxiety are associated with negative body image in adults from the United Kingdom. Personality and individual differences. 2021; 170:110426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110426

21.Gao W, Ping S, Liu X. Gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among college students: a longitudinal study from China.

Journal of affective disorders. 2020; 263: 292-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.121

22.Shome D, Vadera S, Male SR, Kapoor R. Does taking selfies lead to increased desire to undergo cosmetic surgery? Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2020; 19(8):2025-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13267

23.Gieler T, Schmutzer G, Braehler E, Schut C, Peters E, Kupfer J. Shadows of Beauty - Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Concerns in Germany is Increasing: Data from Two Representative Samples from 2002 and 2013. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016 Aug 23;96(217):83-90.

https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2375

24.Ahadzadeh AS, Sharif SP. Uncertainty and Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer: Moderating Role of Coping Styles. Cancer Nurs. 2018 Nov/Dec;41(6):484-490.

https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000552

25.Lin KL, Raval VV. Understanding body image and appearance management behaviors among adult women in South Korea within a sociocultural context: A review. International Perspectives in Psychology. 2020;9(2):96-122. https://doi.org/10.1037/ipp0000124

26.Jiotsa B, Naccache B, Duval M, Rocher B, Grall-Bronnec M. Social Media Use and Body Image Disorders: Association between Frequency of Comparing One's Own Physical Appearance to That of People Being Followed on social media and Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Thinness. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 11;18(6):2880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062880

27.Hardardottir H, Hauksdottir A, Bjornsson AS. [Body dysmorphic disorder: Symptoms, prevalence, assessment and treatment]. Laeknabladid. 2019 Mar;105(3):125-131. Icelandic. https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2019.03.222.

28.Huang JS, Norman GJ, Zabinski MF, Calfas K, Patrick K. Body image and self-esteem among adolescents undergoing an intervention targeting eating disordersary and physical activity behaviors. Journal of adolescent health..2007;40(3):245-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.09.026

29.Kuck N, Cafitz L, Bürkner PC, Hoppen L, Wilhelm S, Buhlmann U. Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 15;21(1):310.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03185-3

30.Wang L, Chang Y, Kennedy SA, Hong PJ, Chow N, Couban RJ, McCabe RE, Bieling PJ, Busse JW. Perioperative psychotherapy for persistent post-surgical pain and physical impairment: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. British journal of anaesthesia. 2018;120(6):1304-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2017.10.026

31.Margolis, S.E, & Orsillo, S.M. Acceptance and Body Dissatisfaction: Examining the Efficacy of a Brief Acceptance Based Intervention for Body Dissatisfaction in College Women. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy.2016; 44(4), 482-92. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465816000072

32.Pearson, A., Follette, V., & Hayes, S.C. A pilot study of acceptance and commitment therapy as a workshop intervention for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2012;19(1),181-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.03.001

33.Grogan S. Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women, and children. Routledge; 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003100041

34.Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinic anxiety: Psychometric56, 893-897. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893

35.Garcia JM, Gallagher MW, O'Bryant SE, Medina LD. Differential Item Functioning of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in a Rural, Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.005

36.Loebach Wetherell, J., & Gatz, M. The Beck Anxiety Inventory in Older Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2005; 27(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-005-3261-3

37.Bagheri Z, Noorshargh P, Shahsavar Z, Jafari P. Assessing the measurement invariance of the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaires across people living with HIV.AIDS and healthy people. BMC psychology. 2021; 9(1):1-1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00546-1

38.Leger, E; Ladouceur, R; Dugas, M.J; and Freeston, M.H. Cognitive- behavior treatment of generalized anxiety disorder among adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2003; 43 (3), 327-330. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021721332181

39.Khorrami F, Saif A, Kiamanesh AR, Dortaj F. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness training in Test Anxiety and Attitudes Towards School in 11th grade Students. Educational Psychology. 2019; 14(50):25-54. https://doi.org/10.22054/jep.2019.37836.2504

40.AliRezai Motlaq M, Asadi Z. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in ameliorating adolescent anxiety in generalized anxiety disorders (GAD). Journal of Exceptional Children.2009;9(1):25-3

https://doi.org/20.1001.1.16826612.1388.9.1.3.7

مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار

اضطراب تصویر بدنی در زنان؛ مقایسه دو رویکرد درمانی شناختی- رفتاری و روان‌درمانی بین-فردی

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 29، شماره 6
بهمن و اسفند 1401
صفحه 833-846

اضطراب تصویر بدنی در زنان؛ مقایسه دو رویکرد درمانی شناختی- رفتاری و روان‌درمانی بین-فردی

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 29، شماره 6بهمن و اسفند 1401صفحه 833-846

دوره 29، شماره 6
بهمن و اسفند 1401
صفحه 833-846