Mohammad Javad Nasiri Kashani; Mohammad Farivar Sadri; Seyyd Amir Yazdanparast; Mitra Farnoodian; Zeynab Ghasemi; Shirin Farahyar
Volume 15, Issue 2 , July and August 2008, , Pages 116-122
Abstract
Background and purpose: Dermatophytes are a group of keratophilic fungi some of which produce arthroconidia under invivo conditions and these seem to have an important role in pathogenecity. Arthroconidia formation is a characteristic of dermatophyte infection of skin hair and nail. The present study ...
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Background and purpose: Dermatophytes are a group of keratophilic fungi some of which produce arthroconidia under invivo conditions and these seem to have an important role in pathogenecity. Arthroconidia formation is a characteristic of dermatophyte infection of skin hair and nail. The present study is intended to study the effects of environmental factors and conventional antifungal drugs on the production of this pathogenic agent in some dermatophytes. Methods and materials: This is a deh1ive analytical study involving the research population of patients with dermatophytosis admitted to Razi hospital in Tehran Iran during 2006-2007. Fifty patients were selected through convenient sampling and were include in the study after direct microscopic examination confirmed the disease. In the present study the environmental factors including the media (SDA SDA+NaCl 1% 3% and 5% Trichophyton agar no.1 and SDB) temperature PH CO2 and the conventional antifungal drugs (Geriseofulvin Clotrimazole Itraconazole Terbinafin and Betametasone) were observed for their effects on arthroconidia production in Trichophyton Verucosum Trichophyton riolaseum Epidermophyton floccosum Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton Mentagrophytes. The obtained data were analyzed using Chi- Square and student t-test. Results: The highest production rate of arthroconidia occurred in SDA with PH (7.5) CO2 pressure 10% and temperature of 37ºC after 10 days. No growth was observed at the temperature of 42ºC and in a media of NaCl 3% or higher. Geriseofulvin Clotrimazole and Betametazone stimulated arthroconidia production but Itraconazole and particularly Terbinafin stopped and controlled its production. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasized the importance of arthroconidia production and its being influenced by environmental factors such as PH CO2 pressure and media in dermatophytes
N SEDDIGHI; MB ARDESHIR LARIJANI; S SHARGHI; R HESHMAT; P SHOUSHTARIZADEH; V HAGHPANAH; B RAJABI POUR; A LASHKARI
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September and October 2006, , Pages 116-121
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Serum soluble Fas (sFas) is found in low concentrations in the sera of healthy subjects and it elevated in patients with autoimmune diseases, malignancy and inflammatory diseases. The Fas molecules play some role in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease through interfering with ...
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Background and Purpose: Serum soluble Fas (sFas) is found in low concentrations in the sera of healthy subjects and it elevated in patients with autoimmune diseases, malignancy and inflammatory diseases. The Fas molecules play some role in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease through interfering with the Fas-FasL interaction. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between soluble Fas serum level and thyroid autoantibodies.
Methods and Materials: In order to determine the association of serum sFas level with thyroid autoantibodies, we evaluated the serum levels of sFas and thyroid antibodies in 31 untreated GD patients and 37 respective healthy controls.
Results: sFas serum level was reported to be higher in patients than in healthy subjects (P
Mehvash Raghibi; Horiyeh Pishva; Asghar Akbari; Sheydeh Narouei
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 116-126
Abstract
Background and objective: Osteoarthrosis is one of the most common joint disorders at the old age. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of action potential simulation with low-level LASER in reducing pain and improving function of these patients. Materials and methods: This double-blind, randomized, ...
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Background and objective: Osteoarthrosis is one of the most common joint disorders at the old age. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of action potential simulation with low-level LASER in reducing pain and improving function of these patients. Materials and methods: This double-blind, randomized, clinical trial was carried out in Zahedan in 2009. After taking written voluntary informed consent, 30 women with knee osteoarthrosis were randomly assigned to two equal groups through a lottery. In LASER group, a low-level Ga-As LASER was applied with a dosage of 9 J/cm2 for 6 minutes, and in Action Potential Simulation group, APS was applied with an intensity of 1 mA for 16 minutes. A 16-session treatment program was performed for both groups. Before and after intervention, we measured pain through Visual Analogue Scale, function with Knee and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and range of knee flexion with goniometer, physical function with WOMAC, muscle atrophy and swelling with tape measure. Paired and independent t-tests were used for data analysis. Results: Knee pain decreased from 7.75±1.58 to 5.37±1.5 in LASER group and from 7.5±1.19 to 6.75±1.38 in APS group and total score of WOMAC decreased from 42±6.54 to 39.12±6.53 in LASER group and from 43.37±11.21 to 39.62±8.86 in APS group (p
Mohammad Shoja; Mohammad Novrozi; Somayyeh Rahimi; Ali Mohammad Jafari; Mohsen Shoja
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 116-121
Abstract
Introduction: the toxic epidermal necrosis syndrome is defined as severe skin and mucosal reactions which usually appears by some drugs such as phenytoin.
Case Presentation: a 35-year-old man who consumed phenytoin hospitalized due to diffuse mucocutaneous lesions and bullous lesions. After diagnosing ...
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Introduction: the toxic epidermal necrosis syndrome is defined as severe skin and mucosal reactions which usually appears by some drugs such as phenytoin.
Case Presentation: a 35-year-old man who consumed phenytoin hospitalized due to diffuse mucocutaneous lesions and bullous lesions. After diagnosing its etiology, therapeutic actions were done similar to severe burns which led to improvement of wounds and discharging from the hospital.
Conclusion: finding the etiology of every disease is crucial step in its treatment. When the disease is caused by drug, it is necessary to discontinue immediately consumption of this and start treatment.
B BARATI; M SHIRAZI; M SAADATI; MJ SOLTANPOUR
Volume 14, Issue 2 , July and August 2007, , Pages 117-127
Abstract
Background and purpose: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen which can cause food poisoning, under certain conditions though growth in nutrients and producing enterotoxin. Only some strains are capable of producing enterotoxin and causing food poisoning and their presence can be detected by DNA amplification ...
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Background and purpose: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen which can cause food poisoning, under certain conditions though growth in nutrients and producing enterotoxin. Only some strains are capable of producing enterotoxin and causing food poisoning and their presence can be detected by DNA amplification and gene sequence specification. Therefore, this research was conducted to detect type e enterotoxin producing staphylococcus aureus.
Methods and Materials: 95 staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from 150 nasal carriers using sterilized swabs and were confirmed by biochemical tests. Then primers were designed and the PCR was used to amplify amplify the staphylococcal enterotoxin e gene (sec) in order to detect type C enterotoxogenic strains.
Results: DNA amplification fragments of 397 bp for staphylococcal nuclease and those of 271 bp for type e gene were confirmed by enzymatic digestion. Only 9.5% of the isolated strains contained sec gene. Specificity and sensitivity were also evaluated and its sensitivity was found to be 125 cells.
Conclusion: this technique is a rapid, sensitive, specific, inexpensive and different alternative to conventional biochemical and serologic assays and it can be used to detect the agent producing type C staphylococcal enterotoxin.
Mehdi Asadi; Morteza Safdari; Narges Paydari Shayesteh
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March and April 2013, , Pages 117-121
Abstract
This is a descriptive-analytic study which was carried out on 45 samples of influent water to dialysis machines in hospitals of Qom.Then results comparised with related standards.The results showed that means of anions in this study were below AAMI and EPH standards. It should also be mentioned that ...
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This is a descriptive-analytic study which was carried out on 45 samples of influent water to dialysis machines in hospitals of Qom.Then results comparised with related standards.The results showed that means of anions in this study were below AAMI and EPH standards. It should also be mentioned that in few samples, these amounts were above the standard levels. Then it should be analysed influent water to dialysis machine continually.
Leyla Amini; Arash Akaberi; Homa Sadeghi; Narjes Bahri
Volume 18, Issue 2 , July and August 2011, , Pages 118-124
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Induction is one of the most common interventions in midwifery which is conducted for many clinical purposes. One of the main challenges of the induction is the prediction of its success because its failure has a major role in increasing the rate of cesarean section. Therefore، ...
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Background and Purpose: Induction is one of the most common interventions in midwifery which is conducted for many clinical purposes. One of the main challenges of the induction is the prediction of its success because its failure has a major role in increasing the rate of cesarean section. Therefore، the present study was conducted to investigate the role of maternal age، parity، gestational age، birth weight and cervical status in predicting the success of induction.
Methods and Materials: This cohort study involved the population of pregnant women admitted to Mobini Maternity Hospital in Sabzevar، Iran in 2006. A sample of 175 pregnant healthy women was selected by non-probability convenient sampling. For data collection، a checklist and a questionnaire were used for recording the personal details، midwifery history and labor details. For data analysis، they were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square، mantel henzel and logistic regression tests (p
Farhad Heydarian; Fatemeh Behmanesh; Mahshid Goodarzi; Farah Ashrafzadeh; Hasan Rakhshandeh
Volume 16, Issue 3 , September and October 2009, , Pages 121-126
Abstract
Background and Purpose: It seems that during seizures special inflammatory processes remain in the epileptic tissues and can induce still another attack. Based on this hypothesis many studies have been conducted to determine the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on controlling seizures ...
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Background and Purpose: It seems that during seizures special inflammatory processes remain in the epileptic tissues and can induce still another attack. Based on this hypothesis many studies have been conducted to determine the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on controlling seizures and have obtained different results. so we decided to perform this research. Therefore the present research was conducted to investigate the effect of ibuprofen on controlling intractable epileptic attacks in children. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental double-blind study was conducted in 2006-2007 on 30 patients (3-13 years old) with intractable epilepsy. The patients were observed for one month; then they were given ibuprofen syrup (30 mg/k/day divided into 3 doses) for two months; taking ibuprofen syrup was paused for one month; placebo was given for two months with a similar dosage. Patients simultaneously received their previous anticonvulsant drugs during the study period. In each stage the frequency duration and probable complications of each attack were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using paired t-test and chi-square. Results: Patients’ mean age and mean seizures onset age were 7.23±3.22 and 2.73±2.43 years respectively. Partial complex epilepsy occurred in 13 cases (43.3%) and 17 patients (56.7%) experienced myoclonic epilepsy. Ibuprofen decreased frequency of attacks in 8 cases (26.7%) and even stopped them in 4 cases. However placebo just decreased attacks in 4 cases (13.3%) but the observed difference was not statistically significant (P=0.434). Conclusion: Based on the findings there was no statistically difference between effects of Ibuprofen and placebo on controlling epileptic attacks.
Haniyeh Ghorbannejad; Mohammad Alizadeh; Alireza Didarloo; Farnush Bakhshimoghaddam
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 121-129
Abstract
Background: Incidences of overweight obesity are increasing in the world and it is an alarm for health community. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between dietary habits with body mass index in Urmia. Materials and Methods: In this study, 453 female students were selected ...
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Background: Incidences of overweight obesity are increasing in the world and it is an alarm for health community. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between dietary habits with body mass index in Urmia. Materials and Methods: In this study, 453 female students were selected by multi-stage sampling. Anthropometric indices including height, weight and waist circumference were measured using standard methods and calibrated instruments. The dietary habits were determined using a researcher-made questionnaire. Results: In this study, the frequency of side activity during meals was significantly higher in overweight and obese individuals than in subjects with normal weight (P = 0.034), and physical activity significantly higher in subjects with normal weight than overweight and obese (P = 0.001). Consumption of breakfast every day before going to school (P = 0.04), eating three meals regularly (P = 0.003), and healthy snack at school (P = 0.05) were directly related to underweight. In the multiple logistic regression model only eating three regular meals (OR = 1.837, 85% CI (1.35-2.51), P = 0.005) had a direct association with underweight. Conclusion: The results of this study show that side activity during meals increased risk of overweight and obesity. Eating all three meals regularly and eating breakfast every day before going to school were associated with an increased risk of underweight.
K MASKANI; M JAFARZADEH FAKHARI
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September and October 2006, , Pages 122-126
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Recent studies have revealed that stressors can originate from either disease or hospital environment, in cardiac patients, which are perceptible by nurses. However, it seems that nurses take actions by their perceptions when facing stressors. This Research was conducted to study ...
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Background and Purpose: Recent studies have revealed that stressors can originate from either disease or hospital environment, in cardiac patients, which are perceptible by nurses. However, it seems that nurses take actions by their perceptions when facing stressors. This Research was conducted to study and compare the perceptions of cardiac patients and nurses from stressors of disease and hospital environment at Vasee'e Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran.
Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive- analytical study, nurses and patients admitted to the cardiology ware were considered as the study population, out of which 18 nurses doing rounds in this ward and 141 patients were included in the study. Patients were selected through convenient non- probability sampling. Personal information forms and stressors questionnaires (adapted from kanali 1992, Hikila 1999 and Voliser 1975) were given to both groups for data collection. Relevant data were analyzed using Mann whitney and chi- square.
Results: The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the nurses, and patents, Perceptions of stressors (p
Sakineh Kazemi Noreini; Mohammad Nebuni; Zahra Sadat Nori
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 122-132
Abstract
Introduction: Telomere maintenance is essential for the continued proliferation of dividing cells, and is implicated in chromosome stability and cell immortalization. Telomerase activity, that allows cancer cells to maintain their telomeric DNA for an indefinite replicative capacity, is an attractive ...
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Introduction: Telomere maintenance is essential for the continued proliferation of dividing cells, and is implicated in chromosome stability and cell immortalization. Telomerase activity, that allows cancer cells to maintain their telomeric DNA for an indefinite replicative capacity, is an attractive target against cancer. A well known benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, papaverine, we focused on to evaluate its antiproliferaive effects on breast cancer MCF7 cells.
Methods: Cytotoxicity of the commercially available pure compound papaverine HCl (Sigma) was determined by MTT assay. A modified quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was used to estimate relative telomerase activity in papaverine-treated cells in comparison with the untreated control cells. Relative expression level of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) gene was estimated using real time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).
Results: IC50 concentration of papaverine after 48 hours treatment was measured to 120 micromolar. At this concentration telomerase activity showed a considerable decrease (almost 70% in comparison with untreated control cells), in a concentration dependent manner. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR experiments indicated a similar reduction in transcription level of hTERT gene under treatment with papaverine.
Conclusion: Papaverine is a potent natural compound in suppression of cancer cell immortality most probably by anti-telomerase activity. It is a valuable putative compound for further development of promising anti-cancer agents.
Safiyeh Ghazzafi; Ahmad Hamta
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 122-130
Abstract
Background: Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in the Iranian women. Fortunately, it is a type of preventable and discernible cancer. The hydroethanolic extract of the leaves and flowered twigs of Thymu vulgaris contain various ingrediants in which the Thymol and Carvacrol are the most important ...
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Background: Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in the Iranian women. Fortunately, it is a type of preventable and discernible cancer. The hydroethanolic extract of the leaves and flowered twigs of Thymu vulgaris contain various ingrediants in which the Thymol and Carvacrol are the most important of them. The effects of this anti-cancer in this extract are attributed significantly to these ingrediants . The objective of this research is to study the comparison of the efficiency of hydroethanolic extract and taxol on 4T1 line cells and their effects rate on the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: In this research, 4T1 line cells were bought from Tehran's Pasteur institute and the hydroethanolic extract is provided by the Soxhlet’s method. Therefore, We obtained Cytotoxicity five different doses of the extract and five different doses of Taxol in 24, 48 and 72 hours and studied the viability of cells by the MTT and Tripan blue methods. Also, in this research the morphologic changes are done by the Hoechst and Propidiumi odied coloring methods.
Results: Extract and taxol-treated cells at different times have indicated distinct differences and dose-related results. Therefore, simultaneous treatment with the extract in comparison with taxol and taxol-treated cell extract can destroy more cells.
Conclusion: The hydroethanolic extract can increase the cytotoxicity Taxol, Thus it maybe be effective in breast cancer remedy and probably by apoptosis Induction may cause cells death.
Akbar Pejhan; Rahim Golmohammadi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , July and August 2010, , Pages 123-128
Abstract
Background and Purpose: P53 gene is one of the genes which undergoes mutations in breast cancer. The rate of p53 gene mutation has been variously reported. However, its mutation is considered resistant to chemotherapy. This study is intended to determine p53 gene overexpression with histopathological ...
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Background and Purpose: P53 gene is one of the genes which undergoes mutations in breast cancer. The rate of p53 gene mutation has been variously reported. However, its mutation is considered resistant to chemotherapy. This study is intended to determine p53 gene overexpression with histopathological parameters in breast cancer. Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical research was conducted on 80 samples of non-randomized breast cancer cases admitted to hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran from 2007 to 2010. After samples were fixed in formalin, they underwent tissue processing and were stained by H&E. After malignancy diagnosis, the p53 gene overexpression was detected by immunohistochemical methods in the samples after fixation, tissue processing and antigen retrieval. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using chi-square test. Results: Out of 80 specimens of breast cancer, p53 gene expression was observed in 39 specimens (48.8%), which was one positive (+) in 21 cases, two positive (++) in 10 cases and three positive (+++) in 8 cases. No significant relationships were observed between p53 protein stability with tumor stages, as well as age groups of over 45 years and below with tumor stages. Conclusion: P53 protein stability was detected in about half of the samples, which can signify the high rate of mutation of p53 gene in breast cancer in Sabzevar, Iran.
Abbas Heidari; Tahereh Tofighian; Ali Rabbanizadeh; MohmmadReza Shegarf Nakhaee; Mohsen Koushan; Kazem Maskani
Volume 15, Issue 2 , July and August 2008, , Pages 123-128
Abstract
Background and purpose: Research findings suggest a day-to-day increase in the rate of suicide particularly among the youth. Recognizing the risk factors and taking measures to control them seem essential and this study was conducted to this purpose among patients admitted to Sabzevar Hospital who attempted ...
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Background and purpose: Research findings suggest a day-to-day increase in the rate of suicide particularly among the youth. Recognizing the risk factors and taking measures to control them seem essential and this study was conducted to this purpose among patients admitted to Sabzevar Hospital who attempted to commit suicide. Methods and materials: The study is a deh1ive study and the study population was cases of suicide at Vase'ee Emergency clinic in Sabzevar Iran from which 106 cases were selected through convenient non-probability sampling. Clinical interviews were done by a psychiatrist; interviews were conducted with other family members of the cases in order to shape a clear picture of cases' personal social and economic characteristics. Throughout the interviews a checklist of intended variables was filled out. The study data were analyzed using Chi-square in SPSS. Results: In the present study 106 cases (49.1% male and 50.9% female) with a mean age of 24.88.4 years were studied. The prevalence of suicide risk factors were 63.2% singleness mental disorders (41.5%) with depression being the most prevalent (28.3%) conjugal conflicts (15%) drug-dependence (14.2%) family problems (12.3%) physical disorders (8.5%) unemployment (6.6%) stressful events such as loss of a close relative (6.86%) educational problems (3.8%) and divorce (2.8%). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study the risk factors contributing to suicide in Sabzevar Iran may include adolescence and beginning of adulthood mental disorders conjugal conflicts family problems unemployment educational failure marital disagreement having lost a close kinsman and disappointment.
Rohollah Norian; Behzad Gholam Aliei; Maryam Afshari; Mehdi Kangavari
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 123-131
Abstract
Background: With respect to the aging process, one of the challenges facing the health sector in the coming years is cause of accidents in the elderly which has an effective portion in disability and death. In Iran, accidents and their causes in the elderly, to take the necessary measures has not been ...
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Background: With respect to the aging process, one of the challenges facing the health sector in the coming years is cause of accidents in the elderly which has an effective portion in disability and death. In Iran, accidents and their causes in the elderly, to take the necessary measures has not been well studied. This study was conducted in 2014, with the aim of determination of the factors associated with injuries caused by accidents in the elderly referred to hospital of Tuyserkan city.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 222 elderly referred to hospital of Tuyserkan city that have accidents in 2014. First, by referring to the fight against diseases of public health center, primary data were taken about status of victims, and then with referring to the hospital, checklist of injuries from medical records was completed. Checklist Including personal information, type, severity, time and consequences of the damage. The data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS16.
Results: The extent of injuries in men was more than in women (respectively 62/2% and 37/8%). Most elderly people injured are in age group of 60 to 64 years (58/1%). Also, most injuries was related to traffic accidents and falls (respectively 38/7% and 35/6%). Severity of the injuries were moderate (58%).
Conclusion: Elderly people, due to physiological conditions are in danger of accidents and their irreversible effects. Therefore, effective and regular training about injury prevention and secure of living environment and society for the elderly, and regarding to reduction of injuries in this age group is necessary.
Fahimeh Keavanlou; bahram Yousefi; Zahra salman; Akbar Pejhan; mohamad Seyedahmadi; Hamidreza Taheri
Volume 18, Issue 2 , July and August 2011, , Pages 125-131
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Because of dyspraxia students have difficulty in some movements and deformity of the spine as a factor can lead to restriction of their movement، the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between vertebral column deformities and components of the Kepart ...
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Background and Purpose: Because of dyspraxia students have difficulty in some movements and deformity of the spine as a factor can lead to restriction of their movement، the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between vertebral column deformities and components of the Kepart test in students with dyspraxia.
Methods and Materials: The present descriptive analytical research is a cross-sectional study، involving the male elementary school students of Tehran in 2009. The participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling: Zone 4 was chosen by random from among the 22 municipal districts; 5 schools were selected by random from among many schools in the zone; finally، 1100 students were randomly selected. In the first step، we distributed the questionnaire about the conceptual - movement deficiency (validity 0.86). Eighty students of 8 to 12 years with problems in at least 5 components (out of 14) participated in the Kepart test (validity 0.95). From them، 34 students with the lowest scores were selected as the study subjects. Then، with the use of Spinal – Mouse machine، the vertebrate column deformities of students were studied from frontal and sagital aspects. For analyzing the data، Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used in SPSS 13.
Results: The prevalence of deformities was flat back 40%، thoracic kyphosis 29.16% and thoracic scoliosis 20.83% in the subjects. A significant relationship (p=0.05، r=0.34) was found between lumbar lordosis and side walking in students with dyspraxia. Also، the prevalence of dyspraxia was 7.26%، and 2.18% suffered from severe dyspraxia.
Conclusion: The results showed that the lower the amount of lumbar lordosis، the lower the students’ ability to side walk.
Efat Sadat Margan Khoyi; Fatemeh Sheikhan; Fereshteh Jahdi; Hamid Haghani
Volume 16, Issue 3 , September and October 2009, , Pages 127-133
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Post-episiotomy pain affects maternal life quality and mental health as well as her care and relationship with the infant. Currently the use of complementary medicine has become common; for instance the use of lavender essence is specifically prevalent in medicine and midwifery ...
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Background and Purpose: Post-episiotomy pain affects maternal life quality and mental health as well as her care and relationship with the infant. Currently the use of complementary medicine has become common; for instance the use of lavender essence is specifically prevalent in medicine and midwifery but findings about this essence are few and contradictory. Therefore the present research was conducted to investigate the effect of lavender essence on post-episiotomy pain in primipara. Methods and Materials: This single-blind clinical trial involved 60 qualified primiparous women admitted for labor in Kamali Hospital in Karaj Iran. They were randomly allocated into two groups: cases (bathing in lavender essence) and controls (receiving the hospital routine). For five days after labor case mothers were given essential oil of lavender (twice a day each time 6 drops in 5 liters of water) and control mothers were given the hospital; routine (Betadine) for bathing in. The study data were collected through demographic data questionnaire analgesic checklist and visual analog scale of pain. The participants’ pain was recorded on the VAS scale 4 hours 12 hours ad 5 days after episiotomy. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 14 using independent t-test and chi-square. Results: The two groups did not show any significant differences as for their demographic data and variables of the study. Mean pain intensity in the lavender and Betadine groups were 2.7±1.7 and 4.23±1.59 respectively which shifted to 2.43±1.94 and 4.60±1.79 respectively five days after surgery; the difference came out to be significant (p
HA ABEDI; M ALAVI
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September and October 2006, , Pages 127-133
Abstract
Background and purpose: The importance of nursing education in preparing the students to adopt their professional roles is currently recognized and the effectivencss of the clinical education has been increasingly emphasized with the student-centeredness being focused. The successful planning to meet ...
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Background and purpose: The importance of nursing education in preparing the students to adopt their professional roles is currently recognized and the effectivencss of the clinical education has been increasingly emphasized with the student-centeredness being focused. The successful planning to meet the requirements and to correct the deficits in clinical education necessitates an in-depth cognition on the lived experiences of nursing students who are the real targets of nursing curricula.
Methods and materials: The phenomenological approach was used in this study. Participants were nursing students from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, with at least one clinical experience as an obligatory course. 12 qualified nursing students were selected through purposive sampling and relevant data were obtcuhed through in- depth interviewing. Obtained Colaizi,s analysis method guided the researchers, activities throughout the study. The reliability and validity of the present study were grounded in four themes (factual value, applicability, consistency and neutrality) suggested by Guba and Lincoln.
Results: Interview transcriptions were analyzed and conceptual codes were extracted. Then the codes were identified with three themes and relevant sub- themes as follows: (1) Environment, (2) Preparedness in students (Pre- requisite knowledge and skills, questioning and communication skills), (3) Factors related with instructors (personality and behavioral traits, and their skills).
Conclusion: The findings revealed that the teaching-learning process is enhanced and proceeds with a higher quality under certain circumstances. For instance, nursing students should acquire essential theoretical knowledge before entering the clinical environment and gain sufficient expertise in adopting social roles in nursing practice. Provision of a working environment where students are supplied with essential and various instructional facilities and opportunities help them experience independence and professional competence more easily; in this regard, the instructors, skills and supportive role are really outstanding. Further research on any them explored in this study is suggested and recommended.
Tahereh Vazeiri; Abolfaz Rahmani Sani; Ahmad Allahabadi; MohammadHossein Saghi; Reza Hekmatshoar
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 127-135
Abstract
Background: The biosorption process has found numerous applications due to low cost, availability, biosorbent reuse, and utilization of excess sludge from wastewater treatment facilities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of dried activated sludge in removing Reactive Orange ...
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Background: The biosorption process has found numerous applications due to low cost, availability, biosorbent reuse, and utilization of excess sludge from wastewater treatment facilities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of dried activated sludge in removing Reactive Orange 3R dye. Materials and methods: For this experimental, laboratory study, dye solutions were prepared in three concentrations: 50, 100, and 150 mg/L. The solutions were then subjected to adsorbent in weights 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g for various durations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours) in different pH levels (4, 7, and 12). Data was analyzed using Excel software. Results: Increasing contact time from 0.5h to 3h, the dye removal efficiency increased from 56% to 76%. When the weight of the biomass increased from 0.2g to 0.8g, the dye removal efficiency increased from 58% to 72%. High initial iron concentration had an adverse effect on iron removal efficiency. Increasing initial dye concentration from 50 to 150 mg/L decreased iron removal efficiency from 71% to 62%. Freundlich isotherm models could describe the adsorption equilibrium of the dye onto the activated sludge. Freundlich isotherm represented a better correlation compared to other isotherms (R2>0.952). Also, second-order models fit well with experimental data (R2>0.979). Conclusion: This technology for dye removal from industrial wastewater, in addition to the optimal use of biomass from wastewater, can help resolve the environmental problem of wastewater dye excretion.
RA KHAMIR CHI; MA YAGHOUBI FAR
Volume 14, Issue 2 , July and August 2007, , Pages 128-134
Abstract
Background and purpose: Hospital waste contains pathogenic agents and is a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Poor management in collection and disposal of hospital waste can lead to environmental crises. This study was in tended to determine per capita wase, collection ...
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Background and purpose: Hospital waste contains pathogenic agents and is a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Poor management in collection and disposal of hospital waste can lead to environmental crises. This study was in tended to determine per capita wase, collection manner, transportation and transferring the waste in hospitals and clinics.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive study involved 3 hospital and 8 clinics in Sabzevar, Iran and their waste disposal activities were observed in all week days and for two months for hazardous and pseudo-domestic waste. A questionnaire and an observation checklist were used for data collection. Their corresponding percentages were calculated using SPSS and information on the active beds, number of clients and the whole mass of waste produced in each treatment center.
Results: Mean produced waste in 3 hospitals were 1137.275 kg/day including 51.3% hazardous waste. Also, mean per capita waste for each active bed was 2.38 kg/day in 3 hospitals. Mean waste amount in 8 clinics was 3.2779 kg/day including 64.9% hazardous waste. Also, mean per capita was for each client in 8 clinics was 0.092 kg/day (92gr). It was found that all hospitals and clinics followed the ministry guidelines by using waste bags of appropriate quality, color and type.
Conclusion: Despite using appropriate and distinct bags and washable containers, inter departmental and intradepartmental cooperations-including adequate training and necessary standards-are required to optimize health hassles.
Mehri Sabbaghzadeh; Akbar Pejhan; MohammadAli Yaghoubifar
Volume 17, Issue 2 , July and August 2010, , Pages 129-134
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Measuring the students' satisfaction from the university departments and educational system can have a paramount role in assessing the educational performance and activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the educational facilities and equipments. Methods: This descriptive ...
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Background and Purpose: Measuring the students' satisfaction from the university departments and educational system can have a paramount role in assessing the educational performance and activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the educational facilities and equipments. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted in 2008 on 414 university students were selected through stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was administered to collect data on facilities and educational services. The validity of the questionnaire had been confirmed by the faculty members and by Cronbach alpha coefficient. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 16 at first by descriptive analysis and then by ANOVA and t-test. The satisfaction rate was grouped into good, average and poor. Results: The study indicated that students satisfaction from facilities and educational services were 41.4% in seven fields. Also, the overall satisfaction rate of male (34.4%) was higher than that of the female participants (20.9%); and the difference was significant (P
Seyyed Javad Mirnajafizadeh; Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
Volume 15, Issue 3 , September and October 2008, , Pages 129-137
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Previous studies have not properly clarified the role of A2A adenosine receptors in convulsions induced by kindling. In the present study the role of these receptors in convulsions induced perforant path kindling has been investigated by blocking these receptors (with specific ...
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Background and Purpose: Previous studies have not properly clarified the role of A2A adenosine receptors in convulsions induced by kindling. In the present study the role of these receptors in convulsions induced perforant path kindling has been investigated by blocking these receptors (with specific antagonists). Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 24 rats which were randomly divided into four groups of six. They were kindled by electric stimulation of the perforant path. In two groups before each kindling stimulation antagonists of A2A adenosine receptors (ZM 241385) (500 and 200 µM) was injected to the lateral ventricle of the rats. Control animals were given only the electric stimulations. In the fourth group (sham) the solvent of the abovementioned drug was injected to the lateral ventricle before kindling stimulations. The obtained data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: Injecting the antagonists of A2A adenosine receptors (ZM 241385) (500 µM) to the lateral ventricle of the rats postponed the process of kindling. Two-way ANOVA indicated that number of stimulations required to reach the convulsive stages were significantly increased (P
Kazem Asdollahi; Rasoul Abdollahzadeh; Mohammadreza Nori Deloyee
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 131-144
Abstract
Nowadays, targeted genome engineering is one of the most important advances in genetic engineering. This process is based on the function of engineered endonucleases. These tools can make desirable genetic changes through creating double strand breaks followed by homologous recombination or non-homologous ...
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Nowadays, targeted genome engineering is one of the most important advances in genetic engineering. This process is based on the function of engineered endonucleases. These tools can make desirable genetic changes through creating double strand breaks followed by homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining mechanisms in a specific site on genome. Genome editing endonucleases have strong ability in understanding the gene performance and gene therapy applications. Meganucleases are the first group of these tools which are naturally found in all creatures and play a crucial role in the targeted genome engineering. zinc finger endonucleases (ZFNs) are the second class made using fusion of a series of DNA recognition Zinc finger domains with catalytic domain of FokI enzyme. Another class of these nucleases includes Transcription activator like-effector nucleases (TALENs) in which, DNA recognition domains are derivatives of transcription activator like-effector proteins from Xanthomonas species, plant pathogen bacteria، fused with catalytic domain of FokI enzyme, like previous class. The last class of these engineered endonucleases, modeled on bacterial adaptive immune system which are called CRISPR/Cas. In this system, Cas9 endonuclease is recruited to the target sequence by a guide RNA that pairs with target DNA and then the enzyme cuts the DNA. In this review, characteristics of the four endonucleases mentioned above and some advances in this area for enhancing its efficiency and specificity in basic and practical researches will discuss through personal experiences and up to date references.
Saeed Vaghei; Ahmad Ashoury; Amirreza Saleh Moghaddam; Hossein Karimi Moonghi; Akram Gazrani; Hasan Gholami
Volume 18, Issue 2 , July and August 2011, , Pages 132-139
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Clinical competency is one of the requirements in nursing profession، for which nurses have recently been criticized. For this reason، health educational systems always intend to discover and improve factors that affect clinical competency. On the other hand، spiritual intelligence ...
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Background and Purpose: Clinical competency is one of the requirements in nursing profession، for which nurses have recently been criticized. For this reason، health educational systems always intend to discover and improve factors that affect clinical competency. On the other hand، spiritual intelligence is considered as a significant factor in nurses’ success and efficacy. Therefore، the present study was designed to determine the spiritual intelligence status and its relationship with nurses’ clinical competency.
Material and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 250 nurses of Mashad educational hospitals selected by multi-stage sampling. Demographic، clinical competency and spiritual intelligence questionnaires were used for data collection; the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using ANOVA، Kruskal Wallis، t-test، correlation and simple linear regression and covariate analysis.
Results: The results showed that %53.3 of the nurses' scores on spiritual intelligence were above the mean، and %46.7 below the mean. Most nurses’ (%53/8) scores of clinical competency scores was reported good (by self-assessment)، %48.2 of the scores in the average range (by matron assessment)، and %53.3 of them in the average range (by the overall assessment). A significant positive correlation was observed between spiritual intelligence and clinical competency، as Pearson correlation coefficient indicated (p
Mahdiyeh Sarhadi; Asma Abdollhyar; Ali Navidian; Hojat Sheikh Bardsiri; Tayyebeh Sarhadi
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 132-142
Abstract
Background: prescribing drugs to patients is one of the parts of clinical care that may be associated with a high level of error can lead to some dangerous consequences for patients. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the incidence of non-reporting of medical errors from the nursing ...
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Background: prescribing drugs to patients is one of the parts of clinical care that may be associated with a high level of error can lead to some dangerous consequences for patients. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the incidence of non-reporting of medical errors from the nursing staff’s perspective.
Materials and Methods: this cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted on 400 nurses working in educational hospitals in Zahedan in 1393. Participants were enrolled to the study via Multi-stage sampling. Data analysis was done by means of SPSS version 16 using t-test and ANOVA and post hoc test of descriptive.
Results: the mean score for some factors influencing on non-reporting like fear of the consequences of reporting, management and reporting causes was (37/1±8/69), (13/9±3/60) and (9/42±2/50),respectively. In terms of causes of medication errors, the mean score for environmental component was (25/6±4 /44), management was (22/1±3/73) and nursing factor was (27/6± 4/45).
Conclusion: Drug Errors is one of the major issues in health care environments. Therefore, using a systematic approach to investigate the factors underlying and address these factors, as well as system design to increase reporting errors by nurses and enrichment programs for in-service training helps to reduce and control these errors.