Mohammad Safari; MohammadReza Hamedinia; Seyyed Ali Reza Hosseini Kakhk
Volume 18, Issue 1 , March and April 2011, , Pages 55-66
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Human health largely depends on health-related physical fitness status، particularly overweight and under weight. In this regard، the adolescence is a unique life span. However، the information about adolescent's physical fitness is limited. Therefore، the purpose of this ...
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Background and Purpose: Human health largely depends on health-related physical fitness status، particularly overweight and under weight. In this regard، the adolescence is a unique life span. However، the information about adolescent's physical fitness is limited. Therefore، the purpose of this study was the investigation of health-related physical fitness elements with an emphasis on overweight and underweight in male adolescents in Sabzevar، Iran.
Materials and methods: In the cross sectional descriptive and analytical study، the study population consisted of schoolboy students with the age of 12-14 years old in Sabzevar، Iran. Based on sample size calculation formula، a number of 368 schoolboys of 12-14 years-old were selected based on randomized cluster sampling. After medical examinations and filling out the written informed consent forms، anthropometric factors and physical fitness were assessed (height، weight، aerobic fitness with 20-meter shuttle run، strength via dynamometer، explosive power via Sergeant jump، flexibility via flexibility box، agility via Illinois test، and body Composition via skin-fold fat caliper and subcutaneous fat thickness). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 using central tendency، dispersion and Pearson Correlation coefficient (P
A PEZHHAN; S OSMOND
Volume 13, Issue 2 , July and August 2006, , Pages 55-63
Abstract
Background and Purpose: New Pressor Protein (NPP) is a human plasma enzyme structurally related to b-FXIIa, which potently raises Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Heart Rate (HR) in bioassay rats. These effects are strongly potentiated in nephrectomized (2NX) rats. Concurrently, ...
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Background and Purpose: New Pressor Protein (NPP) is a human plasma enzyme structurally related to b-FXIIa, which potently raises Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Heart Rate (HR) in bioassay rats. These effects are strongly potentiated in nephrectomized (2NX) rats. Concurrently, there is a massive release of catecholamines from adrenal glands. This study is carried out to investigate NPP's mechanism of action and whether ganglionic blockade can affect NPP's responses by Pentolinium in 2NX rats.
Method and Materials: Male Wistar rats, weighing 300-350g, were selected. In the nephrectomized group, after 24 h 2NX, animals were anesthetized by Inactin and ganglionic blocking agent Pentolinium (19.2 mg/kg s.c.) (P+ group) was injected. Measurements of SBP, DBP and HR were done in response to intravenous injection of NPP (5, 20 uL plasma equivalent) or purified b-FXIIa (300 ng/kg). The results of this group (P+) were compared with those of the (P-) group.
Results: These results show that NPP and purified b-FXIIa can increase SBP, DBP and HR in both groups (sham-2NX or 2NX rats). These responses in (P+) nephrectomized rats are significantly higher than (P-) nephrectomized rats (P?0.01 for each response). However, in (P+) nephrectomized rats, the increment in SBP and DBP responses are more than HR response.
Conclusion: It is concluded that NPP and b-FXIIa can produce such cardiovascular responses in rats. Although NPP does not require ganglion blockade for these responses, in P+ rats these responses have been potentiated and this potentiation is significant in nephrectomized rats. The results confirm the structural and functional relations between NPP and bFXIIa. It also indicates that there is interaction between cholinergic and peptidergic pathways for producing cardiovascular effects of NPP.
M MOHAMMADZADEH SHABESTARI; AA DADGAR
Volume 12, Issue 2 , July and August 2005, , Pages 55-59
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Due to the significance of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and coronary arterial diseases (CAD) which occur contemporary in a short period and due to lack of reports in this regard, this study was planned to determine the prevalence of CVA in patients suffering from Acute Myocardial ...
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Background and Purpose: Due to the significance of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and coronary arterial diseases (CAD) which occur contemporary in a short period and due to lack of reports in this regard, this study was planned to determine the prevalence of CVA in patients suffering from Acute Myocardial Infraction (AMI).
Methods and Materials: This prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with convenient sampling. All clinical and Para clinical information of 1000 patients with AMI hospitalized in Imamreza and Ghaem Hospitals of Mashad, Iran, were collected at their bedside using questionnaires.
Results: The prevalence of CVA was 2.2% where 73% were ischemic and 27% were hemorrhagic. 82% were male and the rest female; hemorrhagic CVA was most prevalent in women. They were most commonly found between 61 and 70 years of age. CVA occurred mostly between 4 and 11 O'clock in the morning, when AMI was also of high prevalence. Also Hypertension in Smokers was the greatest risk factor for CVA but no relationship was found to exist between arythmia and CVA. CVA led to death in 18% of the cases and 82% were discharged with residual morbidity.
Conclusion: The results indicated that, like global studies, CV A can be considered as one of the complications of AMI. High prevalence of hypertension is certainly a re-emphasis on controlling the blood pressure for the prevention of CVA and its fundamental influence on health and socioeconomic issues of the community.
J HERAVIAN; A HERAVIAN SHANDIZ; M SALEHI FEDERDI
Volume 11, Issue 4 , January and February 2005, , Pages 55-64
Abstract
Purpose: Every year, a lot of metal lathe cut machine workers bear severe occupational eye injures due to foreign bodies. The goal of this study was to determine the number of the population who experienced foreign body in their eyes, as well as attempting self removal of the foreign body.
Methods and ...
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Purpose: Every year, a lot of metal lathe cut machine workers bear severe occupational eye injures due to foreign bodies. The goal of this study was to determine the number of the population who experienced foreign body in their eyes, as well as attempting self removal of the foreign body.
Methods and Material: 351 persons of metal lathe cut machine workers were studied in city of Mashhad. These people were chosen by random sampling.
Results: 100% of the population had some experience of foreign body at least in one eye. Among them only 5.9% preferred to go to the hospital. The rest of the population did remove the foreign body by themselves or other people. Ocular local anesthesia especially terracing were used by 83% of them.
Conclusion: The results of the study compromised with some other studies in different countries and the responsibilities of the education and treatment centers in increasing the knowledge of the people are discussed.
Abbas Heydari; Mehdi Golafrooz Shahri; Majid Farsadpoor
Volume 16, Issue 1 , March and April 2009, , Pages 57-61
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Widespread use of CT Scan is sometimes associated with potential risks such as irreversible tissue destruction. In order to avoid undue uses of CT Scan as a diagnostic procedure precise information on the frequency of brain damage due to CT Scan can help provide x-ray protection ...
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Background and Purpose: Widespread use of CT Scan is sometimes associated with potential risks such as irreversible tissue destruction. In order to avoid undue uses of CT Scan as a diagnostic procedure precise information on the frequency of brain damage due to CT Scan can help provide x-ray protection to some extent. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the frequency of cerebral damage in CT Scan of patients admitted to the CT Scan center of Emdad Hospital in Sabzevar Iran. Methods and Materials: In this deh1ive cross sectional study all patients (8076 cases) admitted to the CT Scan Center of a hospital in Sabzevar Iran (during the second quarter of 2005) were included in the study. Data were collected through interview and examination of the patients’ file (CT scan report and medical advice). After classification the data were analyzed using chi-square in SPSS. Results: According to the findings no cerebral damages were observed in 81.8% of the cases admitted to the CT Scan center. Among cases with damage stroke (9.9%) was the most prevalent and only 0.5% of the cases had tumoral damages. Also most cases (34.6%) complained from headaches. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that prescribing CT Scan in Emdad Hospital in Sabzevar Iran has been higher than that of other countries in some cases.
Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi; Amir Hossein Mahvi; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani; Ramin Nabizadeh; Morteza Barani
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 57-65
Abstract
Background: Leachate, including various pollutants such as heavy metals, is generated during collection, trasportation and disposal of solid waste as well as composting process. Lack of control, disregarding the leachate treatment and heavy metals removal cause environmental pollution. This study was ...
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Background: Leachate, including various pollutants such as heavy metals, is generated during collection, trasportation and disposal of solid waste as well as composting process. Lack of control, disregarding the leachate treatment and heavy metals removal cause environmental pollution. This study was aimed to investigate the efficiency of heavy metals removal from Isfahan composting leachate, using the following coagulants ferric chloride, poly ferric sulfate and poly aluminium chloride.
Materials and Method: In this experimental study, leachate samples were collected from the Isfahan composting leachate´s collection ponds. At first, leachate characteristics including TSS, BOD, COD and pH as well as the following heavy metals: Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Ni were measured according to the standard methods. Jar-test experiments were carried out to examine the effects of changing coagulants' dosage (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 g/L) and pH values (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12) on the removal of heavy metals. As a result, the effective dosage, optimum pH and the most convenient coagulant were identified.
Results: Investigating the average concentration of mentioned heavy metals, Zn had the highest concentration in leachate (6.2 mg/L) followed by Ni, Cu, Cr and Cd with the concentrations of 2.15, 0.62, 0.48 and 0.21 mg/L, respectively. The optimum pH for precipitation of the metals using poly aluminium chloride, Ferric chloride and poly ferric sulfate was 7, 10 and 11, respectively. Optimum concentration of the three mentioned coagulants was 1.5, 1.5 and 2 g/L, respectively. Poly ferric sulfate with 70% to 87% of heavy metals and 50% of COD removal has the highest efficiency, followed by poly aluminium chloride with 65% to 85% and Ferric chloride with 75% to 80% of heavy metals removal.
Conclusion: Among the three mentioned coagulants, poly ferric sulfate is the most effective followed by poly aluminium chloride and ferric chloride, respectively. Since poly ferric sulfate and poly aluminium chloride are more expensive compared to other coagulants, economic estimations need to be done according to their efficiency to choose the best coagulant.
M DANESHMANDI; E SAMADIPOUR; MM SALARI
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March and April 2008, , Pages 59-64
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Infection in healthcare settings is considered a serious risk and protection of the personnel and clients against it is a priority. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the hand hygiene practice in four treatment groups in Sabzevar hospitals in 2005.
Methods and ...
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Background and Purpose: Infection in healthcare settings is considered a serious risk and protection of the personnel and clients against it is a priority. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the hand hygiene practice in four treatment groups in Sabzevar hospitals in 2005.
Methods and Materials: This deh1ive cross-sectional study was conducted among the hospital staff of Sabzevar hospitals in Sabzevar Iran. The study sample (Cl= 95%) with a 10% attrition rate was calculated to be 25 amounting to 100 in 4 groups who were selected through convenient sampling. Luisham Observation checklist was used for data collection. For data analysis ANOVA t-test Fisher’s test Chi-square and Tukey were used.
Results: The findings revealed that adherence to hand hygiene practice in internists was 34.4% in the surgical staff 21.3% in the intensive group 15.65% and in doctors 16.59%. Out of 1356 situations of hand hygiene practice only in 306 cases hand hygiene was practiced. In general the mean percentage for the four groups was 22.6%.
Conclusion: In general the hand hygiene practice while taking care of patients is low and unsatisfactory.
Mahin Delara; Fazlollah Ghofranipour; Parviz Azad Fallah
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March and April 2012, , Pages 59-68
Abstract
Background: Decision making for adopting a health behavior is a process involving passing through different stages. This study was conducted to determine the decision making stages based on Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) in female students with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Material and Methods: ...
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Background: Decision making for adopting a health behavior is a process involving passing through different stages. This study was conducted to determine the decision making stages based on Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) in female students with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Material and Methods: In this quasi-experimental within-subjects study, the PAPM stages were assessed in 317 high school students with PMS, who were exposed to an educational intervention based on PMS concepts. Decision making stages before and after the educational intervention were assessed based on PAPM.
Results: All the participants in pretest assessment were at the stage 0 of decision making. None of them had changed her decision making stage during a one-week posttest assessment. After exposure to educational intervention, about 10.1% were assessed as stage two, 26.8% were in stage three, 1.9% reached stage four, and 61.2% were at stage five. In a regression model, PMS scores could predict 2% of variance in decision making stages. PMS severity and sign interference with social and school performance had a significant correlation with the individual’s decision making stage (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Adolescent girls with PMS are not in the same stage of decision making after exposure to educational intervention and obtaining the necessary knowledge about PMS. Based on this finding, the design of educational interventions for PMS students must be stage-based. Perceived severity of PMS symptoms and PMS sign interference with school and social activities are among the variables that can be considered as PAPM constructs.
Fakhri Haghi; Marziyeh Bayat; Habib Zeighami
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 61-68
Abstract
Background: Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is the predominant cause of infant diarrhea worldwide and represents a major endemic health threat to children living in developing countries. The increase in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, especially in children, is considered as one of the ...
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Background: Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is the predominant cause of infant diarrhea worldwide and represents a major endemic health threat to children living in developing countries. The increase in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, especially in children, is considered as one of the world's health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance in EPEC which isolated from children with diarrhea admitted to the hospital in Zanjan.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 450 stool specimens were collected from children with diarrhea
Mohammad Javan; Seyyed Javad Mirnajafizadeh; Mehdi Godarznavd; Taghi Tarihi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, , Pages 62-71
Abstract
Background and purpose: Antioxidants and vitamin D3 are currently used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases although their mechanism of action is not well understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of combined administration of vitamins D3 and E on demyelination ...
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Background and purpose: Antioxidants and vitamin D3 are currently used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases although their mechanism of action is not well understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of combined administration of vitamins D3 and E on demyelination cell death and remyelination of rat hippocampus following the local ethidium bromide (EB) injection. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 32 Spague rats. After EB-induced demyelination animals received intraperitoneal vitamin E (100 mg/kg) and D3 (5µg/kg) together for 7 days. The extent and intensity of demyelination were studied by luxol fats blue staining the activated caspase-3 genes and MBP. The study data were analyzed in SPSS using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post test. Results: The findings revealed that the combined administration of vitamins E and D3 for 7 days caused a significant reduction in the expression of activated caspase-3 (10±0) (p
H ANSARI; HR TABATABAEI
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March and April 2007, , Pages 62-72
Abstract
Background and Propose: Thalassemia major is the most common hemolytic anemia, in Iran and the world over, which requires regular transfusion. Repeated transfusion leads to iron overload in the body and various complications if chelation therapy is absent or irregular; the most common complications include ...
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Background and Propose: Thalassemia major is the most common hemolytic anemia, in Iran and the world over, which requires regular transfusion. Repeated transfusion leads to iron overload in the body and various complications if chelation therapy is absent or irregular; the most common complications include cardiac diseases, endocrine disorder and infections such as HIV and hepatitis. This study was conducted, therefore, to investigate the complications of Thalassemia major and factors affecting the onset of these complications.
Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional retrospectivestudy, 806 thalassemic patients, admitted to the Cooley's ward at Shahid Dastghaib Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, were studied using a structured questionnaire through enumeration method. The statistical population was all thalassemia major cases from Shiraz province. In addition to the age of occurrence, demographic information, age of onset and type of onset and type of transfusion as well as chelation therapy method were specifically recorded. The diagnosis was made by specialist medical doctors. Obtained data were analyzed through description and analytical statistics (or confidence interval chisquare test, independent t-test and pearson correlation coefficient).
Results: The subjects age ranged from 1 to 43 years and their mean age was 15.34±6.82. The prevalence of spleenectomy, cardiac diseases, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus and HCV were 28.7% (onset age 11.46±5.7), 15.4% (onset age 16.43±5.4), 14.5% (onset age 18.42±3.6), 2.4% (onset age 15.83±3.5), 6.9% (onset age 16.98±4.5), 7.5% (onset age 17.19±4.8) and 14.4% respectively. There were significant relationships between prevalence and onset age of some complications and variables such as sex, mother's education and age of chelation therapy onset (p
Elaheh Kazemi; Saeedeh Agha Mohammadi; Ali Khamseh
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March and April 2013, , Pages 62-71
Abstract
Background: Waiting time is one of the factors affected patient satisfaction of service quality wich is offered. Assessing the Main Factors Affecting Waiting Times Referred to Specialized Clinics on One of the Public Hospitals of Tehran. Materials and Methods: This study was applied research that has ...
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Background: Waiting time is one of the factors affected patient satisfaction of service quality wich is offered. Assessing the Main Factors Affecting Waiting Times Referred to Specialized Clinics on One of the Public Hospitals of Tehran. Materials and Methods: This study was applied research that has been done in three stages. Outpatient Clinic of a total of 21 clinics (2661 patients) and 10 percent of the population as the sample size (N:266) and using non-probability sampling method was selected. Data analysis software was used to 11.5 SPSS. Results: The average waiting time of patients was 121 minutes with standard deviation 33.73. Many patients simultaneously, the presence and absence of timely medical charts for scheduling and planning, respectively, with a mean score of 3/9, 3/5 and 3/3 to and from the perspective of service providers, lack of timely medical shortage of doctors and many patients simultaneously with the mean scores were 4/3, 4/1 and 4 were selected as the first three priorities. Conclusion:The admissions process can be studied identify factors affecting waiting time of patient. Whit the proper management and utilization of useful strategies to reduce time and increase client satisfaction and ultimately helped to improved the quality of sevices provided.
Masood Ebrahimi; Maryam Hashemian
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 63-66
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Crimean Congo fever was first characterized in 1944 in the Crimean peninsula and then in 1956 in Congo. Their sameness was recognized after long investigation in the two continents, and was labeled as Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever or CCHF. It is one of the hemorrhagic fevers, ...
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Background and Purpose: Crimean Congo fever was first characterized in 1944 in the Crimean peninsula and then in 1956 in Congo. Their sameness was recognized after long investigation in the two continents, and was labeled as Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever or CCHF. It is one of the hemorrhagic fevers, which manifests as a sudden onset of high fever, chills; severe headache, dizziness, back and abdominal pain after a short incubation period, CCHF is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills and myalgia, and turns into hemorrhagic phase after five days. The Patient: The patient was a 15-year-old boy treated for brucellosis from 15 days ago and was admitted because of fever, headache and vomiting diagnosed as brucella meningitis. Because of thrombocytopenia, sporadic petecia and epistaxi, diagnosis of CCHF was suspected and reported as positive according to RT-PCR. Conclusion: Likelihood of CCHF in animal husbandry occupations is possible, and since its symptoms are similar to brucellosis, its diagnosis must be considered together with brucellosis.
M MAHMOUDI; F ZEYNI; H MOALAEI; J HASHEMI; M PIT
Volume 13, Issue 2 , July and August 2006, , Pages 64-73
Abstract
Background and purpose: Keratinophilic fungi are ecologically, medically and industrially important and farming soil is suitable for their growth due to their keratin and fertilizers. Therefore, this study was intended to determine the different types of keratinophilic fungi in dry-farming soil samples.
Methods ...
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Background and purpose: Keratinophilic fungi are ecologically, medically and industrially important and farming soil is suitable for their growth due to their keratin and fertilizers. Therefore, this study was intended to determine the different types of keratinophilic fungi in dry-farming soil samples.
Methods and Materials: Using stratified sampling, this descriptive comparative study included 100 soil samples from dry-farming areas in South and Razavi Khorasan Provinces in Iran. Samples were cultured through Van beuseghemi method and various fungi within the cultures were identified and counted. Relevant data were analyzed using two-scale and multi-scale tables as well as statistical tests.
Results: 289 colonies were isolated which included 20 species in 16 genuses. Fusarium SP With 53 colonies (18.33%), Annixopsis stercoraria with 47 colonies (16.26%) and Aspergillus SP varieties with 44 colonies (15.22%) were found to be the most common species. Also, McNemar's test revealed A. stercoraria, F. oxyspayum and penicillium SP to be dominant in the area (P
Abbas Ali Taherian; Mehdi Zahedi Khorasani; Zahra Mollashahi; Abbas Ali Vafaei
Volume 15, Issue 2 , July and August 2008, , Pages 65-72
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Previous studies suggest that the leaf of Trigonella foenum (TF) has analgesic anti-inflammatory and probably modulatory effects on sleep and anxiety reactions. The present study is intended to determine the effects of hydro - alcoholic extract of TF on anxiety and sleeping time ...
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Background and Purpose: Previous studies suggest that the leaf of Trigonella foenum (TF) has analgesic anti-inflammatory and probably modulatory effects on sleep and anxiety reactions. The present study is intended to determine the effects of hydro - alcoholic extract of TF on anxiety and sleeping time in mice. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study 140 male albino mice (25-30 gr) were used in 14 groups (n=10 in each group). Elevated plus maze (EPM) was used for the assessment of anxiety and experimental groups received hydro-alcoholic extracts of TF (50 100 200 400 and 80 mg/kg) as IP injection; sham group received saline (10 mg/kg IP injection) 30 minutes prior to evaluation; the control group did not receive any injection. 25 minutes after injection animals were put in a black box for 5 minutes in order to increase their activity; then they were transferred to the EPM for anxiety evaluation by two factors: the time spent and frequency of entrance to the open arms of the EPM. In order to assess sleeping time the Angel method (records of sleeping duration by physiograph) was used. 30 minutes before sleep assessment TF extract and saline were used for experimental and sham groups; the control group received nothing as what we did in anxiety evaluation. Finally ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for data analysis. Results: The findings indicated that the hydro-alcoholic extract of TF in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly increased the time spent and frequency of entrance to the open arms of EPM (p
Somayyeh Mohammadi; Majid Esmaeelizad; Abdolhamid Angji; Mohammad Tahmasb; Roghayeh Mesri; Mojgan Ahmadzadeh
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 66-72
Abstract
Background and purpose: Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease that transmits by Echinococcusgranulosus eggs excreted from the feces of infected dogs to humans and animals. This parasite is one of the tapeworms of the family Taeniidae which causes widespread health problems among humans and also economic ...
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Background and purpose: Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease that transmits by Echinococcusgranulosus eggs excreted from the feces of infected dogs to humans and animals. This parasite is one of the tapeworms of the family Taeniidae which causes widespread health problems among humans and also economic loss in animal. Therefore, designing a new generation vaccine is important to prevent the disease.
Materials and methods: In this study, the linear T-cell epitopes were selected. The coding sequence of epitopes was synthesized and cloned to pEGFP-N1vector. The recombinant vector was transfected into CHO cells by genpulser. Expression of fusion Protein was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy.
Results: The accuracy of cloning was confirmed by both colony PCR on the clone and the subsequent sequencing. Fluorescence microscopy showed fusion protein was expressed in CHO.
Conclusion: The results showed that, linear T-cell epitope of EG95 antigen was cloned correctly in pEGFP vector and its expression confirmed that this recombinant vector can be used to construct a DNA vaccine model against the Echinococcusgranulosus.
Jila Agah; Arash Khamene Bagheri; Fereshteh Ghorat
Volume 18, Issue 1 , March and April 2011, , Pages 67-71
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Pregnancy in the rudimentary horn is a rare but serious phenomenon in obstetrics، and is associated with the rupture of uterus and maternal mortality. In the present report، we present a rudimentary horn pregnancy in the15th week of gestation.
The Patient: A multiparous 33-year-old ...
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Background and Purpose: Pregnancy in the rudimentary horn is a rare but serious phenomenon in obstetrics، and is associated with the rupture of uterus and maternal mortality. In the present report، we present a rudimentary horn pregnancy in the15th week of gestation.
The Patient: A multiparous 33-year-old woman in the 15th week of gestation with severe abdominal pain underwent an emergency laparotomy. A ruptured rudimentary horn in was observed in operation and fetus was within the intact sac in peritoneum cavity. The fetus and placenta were extracted and the right tube and the rudimentary horn were removed. The patient was discharged from hospital with no particular complication after 3 days.
Conclusion: Rudimentary horn pregnancy is rare but it must be considered because of its severe complications.
AliReza Vakili; Maryam Hashemiyan; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , July and August 2010, , Pages 67-73
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Some researchers believe that the treatment with glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can reduce the mortality rate. Others, however, contradict this view. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the clinical and ...
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Background and Purpose: Some researchers believe that the treatment with glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can reduce the mortality rate. Others, however, contradict this view. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical effects of GIK in STEMI patients. Methods: This triple blind clinical trial was conducted from September 2008 to July 2009 on 72 STEMI patients in the CCU of Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran. They were assigned through block randomization into standard care or additional GIK infusion (25% glucose, 50 IU of soluble insulin per liter, and 80 mmol of potassium chloride per liter at 1.5 ml/kg/hour). They were assessed for the number of MACEs (death, reinfarction and serious arrhythmias), plasma concentrations of cardiac enzymes (CK, CK-MB), and left ventricular ejection fraction. The statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS 11.5 using Fisher’s exact test, t-test and repeated measurement. P
Akram Kooshki; Hadi Tabibi; Mahmoud Rivandi
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March and April 2012, , Pages 69-75
Abstract
Background: Anorexia, limitation in the intake of some nutrients, loss of nutrients during dialysis, and extensive inflammation are important causes of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. For this reason, this study reviews the status of macro- and micronutrient intake in these patients as compared ...
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Background: Anorexia, limitation in the intake of some nutrients, loss of nutrients during dialysis, and extensive inflammation are important causes of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. For this reason, this study reviews the status of macro- and micronutrient intake in these patients as compared to Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values.
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed on 75 hemodialysis patients referred to the dialysis department of Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar, Iran. After measuring height and body weight, nutrient intake of each patient was determined using 24-hour food recall method for two consecutive days (one day on and one day off dialysis) and the frequency of meals was recorded. Nutrient intake of each individual was determined using Nutritionist IV software. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and one-sample t-test at the significance level p < 0.05.
Results: The mean BMI of patients in this study was 20.04±3.38 kg/m2. The mean energy intake was 1767.98±373.85 and 1816.76±433.16 kcal in women and men, respectively, and the mean protein intake was 67.92±21.11 and 69.30±21.38 g per day in men and women, respectively. Also, in this study, the intake of all nutrients, except vitamins B1, B3, B12, and iron, was less than the recommended standard in hemodialysis patients (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the intake of most water- and fat-soluble vitamins and minerals was less than the recommended standard in hemodialysis patients.
Beheshteh Malej Afzali; Ebrahim Hajizadeh; Fazlollah Ahmadi; Fazlollah Ghofranipour; Arezo Fallahi
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 69-80
Abstract
Background: There is an absence of a valid and reliable tool basedon a field study for predictingfactors related to dental caries in adolescents. Also the lack of preventivemodels of tooth decay has been perceived. The aim of thisstudy was to design preventive models by assessing psychometric properties ...
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Background: There is an absence of a valid and reliable tool basedon a field study for predictingfactors related to dental caries in adolescents. Also the lack of preventivemodels of tooth decay has been perceived. The aim of thisstudy was to design preventive models by assessing psychometric properties of questionnaire of predictive factors for dental caries inadolescents using factor analysis.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical research was done in 2013-14onadolescents who lived in Tehran city.First, model and questionnaire of predictive factors for dental caries in adolescents were designed based on qualitative research using grounded theory. Using systematic samplings,607 studentsand 400 students (12 and 16 years old) were selected for Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis respectively. The reliability of the questionnairewas calculated by two different methods: Cronbach'salphaand test-retest. Also, in order to determine the validity of the scale, we used three methods including face validity, content validity, and construct validity. Exploratoryand ConfirmatoryFactorAnalysis were done bySPSS softwareversion 16 and LISLER softwareversion 8.8 respectively. Finally, appropriate models for preventing of tooth decay were presented.
Results: During exploratory factor analysis, eightfactors developed: behavioral factors, fear, social support, motivational beliefs, role of school, instructive elements, socio – economic status, and value of teeth. Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the eight-factor model for preventing of dental caries fit Iranian adolescents and the four-factor model isthe strongest predictor of oral health behaviorwhich foresees 76% of behaviors related to oral and dental health.Also test-retest scoreobtained 0.74 and internal consistency was 0.85.
Conclusion:Based on the results of this study, the validity and reliability of the38-item questionnaires of predictive factors for dental caries in adolescents is acceptable and suitable. Therefore the presented models can be used in designing educational programs. Also this tool can be applied in future researches and different groups of students.
Hasan Ramshini
Volume 18, Issue 2 , July and August 2011, , Pages 71-81
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Formation of well-ordered fibrillar protein deposits is common to a large group of amyloid-associated disorders، including Alzheimer’s، Parkinson’s، type II diabetes and prion diseases. The nature of the pathogenic species and the mechanism by which the aggregation process ...
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Background and Purpose: Formation of well-ordered fibrillar protein deposits is common to a large group of amyloid-associated disorders، including Alzheimer’s، Parkinson’s، type II diabetes and prion diseases. The nature of the pathogenic species and the mechanism by which the aggregation process results in cell damage are، however، not well established. In the present study، the propensity of hexokinase type B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YHKB) to form amyloid-like and amorphous aggregates is investigated under various conditions and their cytotoxicity is determined.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، Amyloid-like aggregation was induced under three different conventional conditions including the preincubation of YHKB (1) in acidic pH، at 55 ºC and with agitation، (2) in acidic pH، room temperature، in presence of salt and without agitation، and (3) in the presence of trifluoroethanol (TFE). Types of aggregates in above conditions were compared for their capability to react with ThT (as a amyloid marker) and their morphology was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Also، Cytotoxicity of the aggregates on human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) were assayed by MTT reduction assay test.
Results: Aggregates produced under all three conditions had ThT binding ability but with different intensity. Atomic force microscopy indicated that aggregates morphologies in various conditions were completely different. Amorphous aggregates of the enzyme were also produced for comparing with ordered aggregates. Amorphous aggregates were not found toxic to human neuroblastoma cells، as indicated by the MTT reduction assay while those formed at acidic pH and in the presence of TFE indicated cytotoxicity.
Conclusions: Based on the findings، differences in cytotoxicity can be attributed to the variations in the nature and morphology of the aggregates in the conditions tested.
Mehrdad Shariati; Mokhtar Mokhtari; Somayyeh Negahban
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, , Pages 72-78
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Lamotrigine is a novel potential antiepileptic drug which is not structurally dependent on the current antiepileptic drugs; it has fewer side effects too. The present study intends to assess the effects of Lamotrigine on the antinociceptive activity induced by morphine by using ...
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Background and Purpose: Lamotrigine is a novel potential antiepileptic drug which is not structurally dependent on the current antiepileptic drugs; it has fewer side effects too. The present study intends to assess the effects of Lamotrigine on the antinociceptive activity induced by morphine by using the formalin test as a test of nociception. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 56 adult male rats. The animals were divided into seven groups of eight rats considered as one control one sham and five experimental groups (one group receiving 2mg/Rat of morphine alone three groups receiving 2mg/Rat morphine accompanied by Lamotrigine in doses of 25 50 and 75 mg/Rat and the fifth group receiving only 75 mg/Rat of Lamotrigine alone). The drugs were intraperitoneally injected 15 minutes before the formalin test. The sham group received the same volume of physiologic serum and the control group received formalin alone. The study data were analyzed in SPSS using Tukey and Kruskal Wallis test; level of significance was considered to be 0.05. Results: Mean pain score following the injection of maximum dose of lamotrigine together with morphine was 0.08±0.001 which indicated more local analgesic effects at the acute phase in comparison with the injection of morphine alone (0.11±0.0005) (p
Yosef Pour Eshgh; Ayyob Rastegar; Ahmad Allahabadi; Zahra Rezaee Gazal abad; Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March and April 2013, , Pages 72-83
Abstract
Background: The effluent of textile industries is high dyefully and this is one of most problems for environmental health engineers. Two Azo dyes biosorption, direct black 19 and direct red 23, on Cystoseira indica, an invasive macroalga in Iran, has been investigated using visible absorption spectroscopy. ...
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Background: The effluent of textile industries is high dyefully and this is one of most problems for environmental health engineers. Two Azo dyes biosorption, direct black 19 and direct red 23, on Cystoseira indica, an invasive macroalga in Iran, has been investigated using visible absorption spectroscopy.
Materials and methods: Pre-treatment and chemical cross-linking with CaCl2, have been conducted in order to improve the stability as well as the biosorption capacity of the algal biomass. All measurements were conducted by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The effects of operating parameters such as contact time, pH, initial dye concentration and amount of biosorbent on the dye removal efficiency were investigated. The biosorption has been described in terms of isotherm and kinetic models; from the maximum adsorption capacity values, an estimation of the algal specific surface area was made.
Results: It has been found that biosorption kinetics can be described according to the pseudo second order model and biosorption equilibrated for 120 min (89.3% of direct red 23 and 69.02% of direct black 19 removed). Maximum biosorption found at pH 5 (2.4mg/g). It also observed increasing initial dye concentration and decreasing biomass dosage would reduce dye removal. Isotherm studies also revealed the dye biosorption on algal biomass followed from Freundlich model. Conclusion: Biosorption of selected Azo dyes onto algal biomass, Cystoseira indica was fast and more dye is eliminated in the first hour. So, by determining the optimum conditions of contact time, pH, initial dye concentration and biosorbent dosage, Cystoseira indica can be used as an inexpensive sorbent for removal of Azo dyes from aqueous solutions.
Mehrdad Shariati; Laleh Khodaparast; Mokhtar Mokhtari
Volume 15, Issue 2 , July and August 2008, , Pages 73-81
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Liver is one of the vital organs which has a key role in regulating most physiologic mechanisms and any disorder in hepatic function can cause a series of physiologic and anatomical disorders and still other diseases. Since Mentha pulegium has been used extensively in traditional ...
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Background and Purpose: Liver is one of the vital organs which has a key role in regulating most physiologic mechanisms and any disorder in hepatic function can cause a series of physiologic and anatomical disorders and still other diseases. Since Mentha pulegium has been used extensively in traditional medicine the aim of the present investigation is to study of the effects of the Hudro-Alcoholic Extract of the Mentha Pulegium Leaves on hepatic functions. Methods and Materials: In this experimential study 50 Wistar male rats (about 220- 230 g) were used in five groups of tens including: control group receiving nothing sham group receiving distilled water and 3 experimental groups receiving 400 800 and 1600 (mg/kg) of the Hydro-Alcohol Extract of Mentha Pulegium Leaves respectively. The obtained data were analyzed by t-test using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results: According to the results there is a significant reduction in the level of ALT AST in experimental groups. In addition the level of ALP showed a significant increase. Regarding albumin and total protein there has been a decline in the experimental groups receiving the highest dose of the extract and asignifilant reduction in the total body weight in proportion to the increased dosage of the extract. Conclusion: The Hydro-Alcoholic extract of mentha pulegium leaves probably has a significant effect on hepatic function. This effect may be due to the presence of Flavonoids (Hesperidin diosmine) antioxidant tannin and pulegone in the extract. This effect is reflected in the reduction of ALT AST and the increase in ALP. Also it can be attributed to the decrease in the hepatic serum level of the albumin and total protein
J GANJ
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March and April 2007, , Pages 73-76
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Situs inversus or situs transversus is a rare congenital condition where abdominal organs are positioned in a transverse manner, as in front of a mirror. Its prevalence is less than one in 10/000. This paper is intended to report one such case.
Patient's history: A fourteen-year-old ...
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Background and Purpose: Situs inversus or situs transversus is a rare congenital condition where abdominal organs are positioned in a transverse manner, as in front of a mirror. Its prevalence is less than one in 10/000. This paper is intended to report one such case.
Patient's history: A fourteen-year-old boy referred to the clinic with complaints of leftward abdominal pain beneath the navel, nausea and vomiting. Early diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made after clinical examinations, laboratory tests and sonography. Radiography reports revealed the shift of heart to the right of chest, confirming the diagnosis of Dextrocardia.
Gastric bubble and spleen were observed on the right and liver and cholecyst on the left with sonography. Pancreas was also positioned on the opposite side. LLQ results indicated acute appendicitis on the left. Clinical findings and paraclinic measures rendered the certain diagnosis of situs inversus totalis. The patient finally underwent left appendectomy.
Conclusion: Normally, situs inversus is accompanied with dextrocardia and major vessels dislocation and its prognosis is good. This condition with levocardia is less common and amounts to one in 22/000, with a likelihood of increasing congenital cardiac diseases. In the reported case, no particular problem came up after surgery. Inverted anatomical condition and the atypical history of situs inversus make the early diagnosis difficult in these patients. Accurate history and clinical examinations and reliance on imaging techniques in traumatic cases can reduce and minimize medical errors in treating such rare cases.