F BAKOUEI; S BAKOUEI
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September and October 2006, , Pages 152-157
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Urinary Incontinence is a common complication during pregnancy which affects 30% to 60% of women. In some women the problem persists after delivery. on average, 10% to 40% of women are affected by postpartum urinary Incontinence, which not only affects their living condition but ...
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Background and Purpose: Urinary Incontinence is a common complication during pregnancy which affects 30% to 60% of women. In some women the problem persists after delivery. on average, 10% to 40% of women are affected by postpartum urinary Incontinence, which not only affects their living condition but also imposes upon them extremely high treatment costs. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of postpartum urinary in continence and factors predisposing it.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytical study included 165 women who had been admitted to selected Health Centers in Babol. Iran within 4 months after their Labor. Continuous random sampling led to the inclusion of 165 qualified subjects whose data were gathered through questionnaires. Chi- square and t- test were used in data analysis.
Results: In this study, the prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence was 19.4% and 12.2% reported urgent urinary incontinence, 7.2% reported symptoms of stress urinary incontinence and 3% reported symptoms of both types. Significant relationships were found between postpartum urinary incontinence and factors such as the number of gravidity and parity (P
DAVARI; YAGHOUBI; HEYDARI; MIRI; MASOUDIAN
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September and October 2007, , Pages 154-158
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Congenital nosolachrymal duct obstruction is one of the common disorders characterized by tearing and mucoid or mucopurulent discharge in children. The most common site of obstruction is the Hasner Value. About 20% of infants suffer from tearing which spontaneously improves within ...
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Background and Purpose: Congenital nosolachrymal duct obstruction is one of the common disorders characterized by tearing and mucoid or mucopurulent discharge in children. The most common site of obstruction is the Hasner Value. About 20% of infants suffer from tearing which spontaneously improves within the first year of life in 90%. As there is no risk of aspiration with the air injection, it was adopted for comparison with saline injection. Therefore, this research was conducted to compare the success rate of the conventional method (probing with irrigation) and the air injection in infants.
Methods and Materials: This study was conducted as clinical trial in which 61 patients (with the age range of 9-24 months) (76 eyes) with congenital nosolachrymal duct obstruction, not responding to conservative treatment, was randomly assigned into one of the two groups. They were assessed before and after probing using Munk's scale. Their follow-up included lachrymal massage and antibiotic drops and assessment in 2 weeks, one month and three months after probing. A few cases were excluded from the study for irregular follow-up participations. Chisquare was used for data analysis.
Results: Out of 34 male eyes and 42 female eyes, 33 and 42 eyes recovered respectively upon the final follow-up (three months after probing). Out of 30 patients probed with saline, after two weeks, 31 eyes (86.1%) recovered after two weeks; 34 eyes (94.4%) after one month and 34 eyes (94.4%) after three months.
Out of 31 patients poobed with air injection, the recovery rates after two weeks, one month and three months follow-up, 33 eyes (82.5%), 38 eyes (95%) and 38 (95%) respectively.
Conclusion: As three is no risk of aspiration with the air injection and the outcomes are similar to the irrigation method, the researchers recommend probing with air injection to be substituted to saline irrigation.
Yaser Tabaraee; Elaheh HaghGoshaee; Afsaneh Takbiri; MohammadAli Yaghobifar
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 154-164
Abstract
Objectives: improving patient safety culture in healthcare organization is the first step for reducing medical errors and improvement of patient safety. This study was conducted to survey the patient safety culture based on staff point of views in Sabzevar hospitals.
Methods: This cross-sectional and ...
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Objectives: improving patient safety culture in healthcare organization is the first step for reducing medical errors and improvement of patient safety. This study was conducted to survey the patient safety culture based on staff point of views in Sabzevar hospitals.
Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted during July- September 2011, by using Hospital Survey Of Patient Safety Culture questionnaire (HSOPSC). 385 of clinical staff (physicians, nurses, midwives and stuff working in lab and radiology departments) as census were included in the study. The patient safety culture questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results: “teamwork within unit” and “organizational learning - continuous improvement” had the highest percentages of positive responses with respectively 73.65 ± 6.4 % and 69.16 ± 8.7 % whereas “nonpunitive response” to errors (13.03 ± 7.1%) and “staffing” ( 22.37 ± 6%) had the chosen lowest percentages of positive responses. 89% of staff noted that they have not reported any medical errors during past 12 months. Only 31% of staff reported the patient safety status in their units as excellent or very good.
Conclusion: Hospitals can attempt to create safety environment for patients by applying the strengths of their patient safety culture and removing the weaknesses. Therefore hospitals should eliminate the staff fear of blame for their mistakes and create an atmosphere of open communications and continuous learning.
Hedayat Jafari; Vida Shafipour; Leyla Shafipour
Volume 16, Issue 3 , September and October 2009, , Pages 155-160
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Hemodialysis patients undergo dialysis for survival and this brings them specific limitations affecting their quality of life. Also stress from dialysis makes them enjoy a lower quality of life. Therefore the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between stress ...
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Background and Purpose: Hemodialysis patients undergo dialysis for survival and this brings them specific limitations affecting their quality of life. Also stress from dialysis makes them enjoy a lower quality of life. Therefore the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between stress intensity and life quality in hemodialysis patients.
Methods and Materials: As a deh1ive study this research was conducted on 100 hemodialysis patients in two major dialysis centers in Sari Iran in 2008. All patients were investigated and relevant data were collected through a questionnaire in three parts (personal characteristics life quality and stress intensity). Life quality was first investigated and then patients’ stress intensity was studies. For data summarization deh1ive statistics were used in SPSS.
Results: In this study 53 men and 47 women participated. Also 42% of the patients with the almost satisfactory life quality experienced partial stress.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the more intense the patients’ stress is the lower their life quality will be.
Ali Delavar; Abdollah Shfeeabadi; Ebrahim Nameni; Khodabakhsh Ahmadi
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 155-163
Abstract
Introduction: among different specific strategies for treatment of drug abuse disorders, Family therapy has been attractive forre searcher. The family therapy would increase the efficacy of other approaches. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of integration of structural and solution- ...
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Introduction: among different specific strategies for treatment of drug abuse disorders, Family therapy has been attractive forre searcher. The family therapy would increase the efficacy of other approaches. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of integration of structural and solution- focused family therapy(cutting down on use of substance) in treating substan ceabusers and improving family function.
Methods: This semi-experimentalstudy was carried out with pre-and post-test and a six-month follow-up along with Control group. The population included all families who hada drug abuser member and referred to zibadasht health center in 22nd district of Tehran in 2013.30 families selected viaConvenience sampling method and after matching, they were randomly divided into two experiment (15 families) and control (15 families) groups. Demographic questionnaire, addicts tests (opium) and family survey were used to collect data. pre and post-tests and also a six-month follow up were given for both groups .Data was analyzed through SPSS11 using multi-variables covariance anlysis and chi-squar test.
Results:The results revealed that combination of structural and solution- focused family therapy is effective in both treating substance abusers (cutting down on use of substance) and enhancing the family function since 80 percent of population in post-test (X2= 20, p
Mehrdad Shahrani; MohammadReza Hojjati; Mehrnoosh Sedighi Hafshejani
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 156-163
Abstract
Background and objective: Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian (Umbelliferae family) is one of the Iranian medicinal plants that has nutritional and pharmacological effects. In Iranian traditional medicine, it has been mentioned that this plant has anti-spasmodic effect and it is used for the treatment ...
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Background and objective: Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian (Umbelliferae family) is one of the Iranian medicinal plants that has nutritional and pharmacological effects. In Iranian traditional medicine, it has been mentioned that this plant has anti-spasmodic effect and it is used for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunctions, such as abdominal pain. In this study, we evaluated the effect of alcoholic extract of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian on ileum contractions in rats. Method: Alcoholic extracts were prepared from powdered Kelussia leaves. Ileum samples were placed in an organ bath containing tyrode solution and 1g tension was used before inducing ileum isotonic contraction with KCl (60 mM). Saline or extracts (10% and 20%) were added to the bath and responses were recorded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test. Findings: Our results demonstrated that both concentrations of Kelussia significantly reduced the KCl-induced contraction in isolated rat ileum compared to the control (saline) group (p
Anesthesiology
Roghayeh Zardosht; Hossein Karimi Moonaghi
Volume 28, Issue 2 , May and June 2021, , Pages 156-163
Abstract
Introduction: Clinical education is known as a central part of professional training which combines knowledge, skill, attitudes, values and professional philosophies. Clinical instructor aims to develop clinical experience and strengthen educational system. In operation room, clinical instructor roles ...
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Introduction: Clinical education is known as a central part of professional training which combines knowledge, skill, attitudes, values and professional philosophies. Clinical instructor aims to develop clinical experience and strengthen educational system. In operation room, clinical instructor roles are more different and sophisticated in comparison to other clinical department because of an interactive, dynamic and challenging atmosphere as well as teamwork, specific physical space, and less instructor control over student practice. To determine the characteristics of clinical instructor in operating room, the current study was conducted. Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative content analysis study conducted from 2015 to 2017. Participants were stakeholders of clinical education in operating room from medical universities of Khorasan Razavi. To collect data, sampling based on purpose was performed by semi-structure interview. Of note, obtained data from participants was analyzed by MAXQDA 2007 software with continuous comparative method. Results: From data analysis, it was reported three themes including effective instructor with 12, neutral instructor with 7, and ineffective instructor with 11 categories as well as a general theme named as a nuclear role instructor. Conclusion: The most important roles of clinical instructor are finding a right place, students' acceptance into the surgical team, providing learning opportunities in order to gain technical skills and clinical competence. Therefore, to develop quality in clinical education, it is strongly recommended that clinical instructor have some vital characteristics in operating room including clinical experience, continuous active presence, communication skills, authority, acceptance and popularity.
Reza Kheirandish; Vahid Sardar Mehni; Amin Reza Salari; Omid Azari
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 158-165
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Mummy is the semi-solid material extracted from mountains in the south of Kerman province. It is used in traditional medicine as a remedy for inflammation، articular injuries، rheumatism، bone fracture، wound and back pain. In the present study، histopathological and geometrical ...
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Background and Purpose: Mummy is the semi-solid material extracted from mountains in the south of Kerman province. It is used in traditional medicine as a remedy for inflammation، articular injuries، rheumatism، bone fracture، wound and back pain. In the present study، histopathological and geometrical aspects of topical effects of the mummy on rabbit cutaneous wound healing were investigated. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 5 white healthy rabbits. Six full thickness cutaneous wounds were created on the both sides of the vertebral column of each rabbit. Right side wounds were considered as control and the left side ones as cases (to use mummy). The cranial wounds (rectangular، 2.5×2.5 cm) were considered for geometrical evaluation and the middle and caudal wounds (made by 10mm punch) were considered for histopathological study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 using repeated measurement، analysis of variance and student t-test. P≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results from the microscopic evaluation were compared as description of the group values. Results: The geometrical evaluation over a 4-week period demonstrated that wound healing percentage in the treatment group (100%) was significantly higher than the control group (94.5%±0.91) (P
Mohammad Javan; Seyyed Javad Mirnajafizadeh; Maryam Zeraati; Simin Namvar
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 158-169
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Despite widespread research on epilepsy, the mechanism of its insidnece is still unknown. Since the activity of ATPase plays a vital role in changing ATP into AMP, and this substance can later turn into adenosine which is the most important endogenous anticonvulsant agent in brain, ...
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Background and Purpose: Despite widespread research on epilepsy, the mechanism of its insidnece is still unknown. Since the activity of ATPase plays a vital role in changing ATP into AMP, and this substance can later turn into adenosine which is the most important endogenous anticonvulsant agent in brain, the effect of inhibition of ATPase on perforant path kindling was investigated in the present study. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, animals were kindled by electrical stimulations of the perforant path (12 times a day with a frequency of 50 Hz and pulse duration of 1 millisecond). Upon kindling, behavioral and electrophysiologic measures of convulsions and filed potentials were recorded. For investigating the role of ATPase in animal groups, FPL 67156 was injected as the inhibitor of the ATPase after kindling stimulations ended each day. Kindled animals were 6, and there were 4 rats in other groups. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferoni test were used to compare the statistical quantities of fEPSP and PS of epilepsy creation in different groups of the study. Comparing the difference of paired pulses between groups was conducted by Bonferoni test. The five-stage convulsion of the groups was compared through Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Statistical analyses were conducted in Prism 5. Results: The results indicated that ATPase inhibition (by injecting FPL 67156) causes no change in various behavioral stages of convulsion and daily afterdischarge duration following kindling (P>0.05); however, it affects synapsis formation, so that PS increases in comparison with the kindled group (P
Saeed Faghih; HamidReza Behnam Vashani; Hasan Khalili
Volume 15, Issue 3 , September and October 2008, , Pages 158-163
Abstract
Background and Purpose: One probable sources of error blood pressure measurement can be the cross-leg seating position but research findings in this regard are contradictory. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the effect of crossing legs while measuring the blood pressure on the ...
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Background and Purpose: One probable sources of error blood pressure measurement can be the cross-leg seating position but research findings in this regard are contradictory. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the effect of crossing legs while measuring the blood pressure on the reading of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Methods and Materials: The quasi- experimental study involved 90 patients selected through purposive sampling from among the population of patients with primary hypertension admitted to Internal and Cardiac Clinics of Vase'ee Hospital in Sabzevar Iran. Patients blood pressure was measured according to a written protocol in three steps: first sitting with both feet straight on the floor then sitting with crossed legs and finally sitting with both feet straight on the floor (as in the first step). Conventional stethoscope and sphygmomanometer were used for measurements; t- test was used for data analysis in SPSS. Results: Crossing legs while measuring blood pressure increased systolic bp by 6.81 mmHg (from 144.43±21.782 to 156.24± 22.082) and diastolic bp by 3.12 mmHg (from 89.06± 13.610 to 92.18± 14.920). Mean systolic bp when the third step of the protocol was adopted reduced 9.59 mmHg (from 156± 22.082 to 146.66± 22.438) and diastolic bp reduced by 3.53 mmHg (from 92.18±14.920 to 88.64± 14.839). Conclusion: According to the findings blood pressure reading increases in patients with hypertension when they take a seated cross-leg position during bp measurement.
M KOUSHAN; N SHOMOOSSI; MH RAKHSHANI
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January and February 2007, , Pages 158-165
Abstract
Background and purpose: The role of learner’s strategies and skills in learning a foreign language has been investigated in the three last decades. However, the part it plays in ESP achievement tests is not seriously treated. Therefore, it seemed a good reason to conduct a study on the role of study ...
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Background and purpose: The role of learner’s strategies and skills in learning a foreign language has been investigated in the three last decades. However, the part it plays in ESP achievement tests is not seriously treated. Therefore, it seemed a good reason to conduct a study on the role of study strategies in successfully taking the final exam.
Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental interventionist study, the SILL questionnaire was given to 253 students taking an ESP course (1384-85 / 2005-2006) to identify their use of language learning strategies. A few moments prior to taking their finals, they took Spielberger's anxiety test to estimate their test anxiety.
Results: According to the findings, mean anxiety scores in boys and girls before the final exam were 146.72 and 120.46 respectively, which did not show any significant difference. However, a negative linear relationship was found to exist between SILL score (meta-cognitive strategies in particular) and test anxiety.
Conclusion: Among many other outcomes, test anxiety is attributable to inappropriate study habits in adult ESP learners, which requires consideration by both instructors and textbook compilers.
B FARZAMI; P PASALAR; SA HOSSEINI; M ABERUMAND; L AHAMADI; A JAFARI
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September and October 2007, , Pages 159-164
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Alkaline Phosphatase (EC: 3.1.3.1) is synthesized by kidney, liver, bone, Intestine and placenta. This enzyme is a glycoprotein and dimmer 4 Zn+2 and Mn+2 in each dimmer. It hydrolyzes mono ester phosphate to organic compound and phosphate_in alkaline medium. The purpose of this ...
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Background and Purpose: Alkaline Phosphatase (EC: 3.1.3.1) is synthesized by kidney, liver, bone, Intestine and placenta. This enzyme is a glycoprotein and dimmer 4 Zn+2 and Mn+2 in each dimmer. It hydrolyzes mono ester phosphate to organic compound and phosphate_in alkaline medium. The purpose of this research is to compare this enzyme with placental alkaline phosphatase.
Methods and Materials: Human Molehydatiform was purified by folds of precipitation of bybutanol, acetone, Amoniumm sulphate, Sephadex G200, affinity chromatography and preparative electrophoresis.
Results: Human Molehydatiform was purified 611.8 times. We obtained specific activity, optimum temperature and optimum Ph equaling to 611.8 U/mg, 40 centigrade degrees and 10.4 respectively.
Conclusion: Purified Human Molehydatiform Alkalie phosphatase is different from Human placental Alkaline phosphatase due to optimum pH and optimum temperature.
Fatemeh GhoilamiBorang; Mohammad Moghadari; Zakiyeh Adelpour
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 160-168
Abstract
Background: The Mental health is one of the important issues in the present world. Emotional intelligence components directly affect the human mental health. Person’s Perception of Self-efficacy effects on his/her mental health. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of emotional intelligence ...
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Background: The Mental health is one of the important issues in the present world. Emotional intelligence components directly affect the human mental health. Person’s Perception of Self-efficacy effects on his/her mental health. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy as predictors of mental health.
Material & Method: The research procedure was a cross-sectional and using correlation. The population was all students in the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of University of Birjand in 2013-2014. The sample conducted among 150 students (95 female and 55 male) that were selected by convenience sampling. The Data was gathered through Schutte et al Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Thwarts and Jerusalem Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Goldberg’s Mental Health Questionnaire. Then it was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, multiple regressions) and SPSS version 22.
Results: Findings showed that there was a significant correlation between mental health with emotional intelligence (p
Hamid Jalili Rasti; Mandana Dolatabadi
Volume 16, Issue 3 , September and October 2009, , Pages 161-166
Abstract
Background and Purpose: One of the most documented ways of evaluating drug preh1ion patterns in a community is through the assessment of physician’s preh1ions. As no studies have been conducted so far on this issue the present study was done to evaluate the preh1ion patterns of physicians in Sabzevar ...
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Background and Purpose: One of the most documented ways of evaluating drug preh1ion patterns in a community is through the assessment of physician’s preh1ions. As no studies have been conducted so far on this issue the present study was done to evaluate the preh1ion patterns of physicians in Sabzevar Iran in 2008. Methods and Materials: In this deh1ive cross- sectional study 167305 preh1ions from 270 medical practitioners in Sabzevar Iran from three insurance companies (Medical Services Insurance Social Security Insurance and Army Medical Insurance) were collected on a CD which were then analyzed for preh1ion indexes using Preh1ion Evaluation Software. The preh1ions were issued in the first six months of 2008. Data summarization was done using figures percentage and means. Results: Mean number of prescribed drugs was 3.22. About 35% of the patients received an injection 45% received antibiotics and 14% were prescribed corticosteroids. Conclusions: Inappropriate preh1ion of antibiotics corticosteroids and injection as well as mean preh1ion items being above normal rate and non-conventional drug interaction rates were observed in preh1ions issued by physicians in Sabzevar Iran.
Physical Education
Ghader Rahimzadeh; Mohammadali Azarbaijani; Hassan Matin homaei
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July and August 2019, , Pages 161-170
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Today, the use of supplements and herbal extracts has been widely used to prevent exercise induced apoptosis and improve exercise training adaptations. Thus, the present study examined the effect of the 12 weeks aerobic training with Origanum vulgare ethanolic Extract supplementation ...
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AbstractBackground: Today, the use of supplements and herbal extracts has been widely used to prevent exercise induced apoptosis and improve exercise training adaptations. Thus, the present study examined the effect of the 12 weeks aerobic training with Origanum vulgare ethanolic Extract supplementation on the myocardial apoptosis in young male rats.Methods: In this experimental study,40 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old)with an average(weight 129±17.86 in gr)randomly divided in five equal groups:basic(n=8),control(n=8),Origanum vulgare(n=8), aerobic training(n=8)and aerobic training-Origanum vulgare(n=8).The aerobic training and aerobic training - Origanum vulgare groups participated in a 12-week program (5 sessions of 10-60 minutes each week, with an intensity of 75-80% of maximum oxygen consumption) running on animal treadmill (15% incline and 24-33 m/s).Also,Origanum vulgare Ethanolic extract was used for supplementation.Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session,a part of the left venticular tissue of the heart was removed and expression of Bax,Bcl2 and caspase-9 proteins was investigated using RT-PCR method. Data were analyzed byTwo-way ANOVA test (P
Elahe Siddighi Loi; Shaghayegh Rahmani; Reza Saeedi; hamide Jafari
Volume 15, Issue 3 , September and October 2008, , Pages 164-168
Abstract
Background and Purpose: By defining the exact time of fetus maturity complications and side effects could be predicted and best decisions could be made. Since the present methods are complicated time-consuming and stressful for the neonates researchers decided to compare the simple Klimek method with ...
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Background and Purpose: By defining the exact time of fetus maturity complications and side effects could be predicted and best decisions could be made. Since the present methods are complicated time-consuming and stressful for the neonates researchers decided to compare the simple Klimek method with the New Ballard method. Methods and Materials: This study is a deh1ive-analytical cross-sectional research in which 229 neonates who were admitted to the postpartum wards in Qaem and Imam Reza Hospitals in Mashad from April through September 2005 were sampled through non-random and purpositive sampling. Qualified neonates in a single group were examined for maturity by both Klimek and New Ballard methods. The first neonate was examined by the first co-researcher with New Ballard method and immediately examined by the second co-researcher with Klimek method. The second neonate was examined by the first co-researcher with Klimek method and then immediately by the second co-researcher with Ballard method. The examinations were done in the first 6-12 hours after birth. Analysis of data was conducted in SPSS using Mann Whitney U and Kappa Coefficient. Results: In the present study determination of gestational age via 2 methods (New Ballard and LMP) was not statistically different; and in 74.6% (171 cases) the same gestational age was obtained by both methods (p=0.664). Also determination of gestational age by Klimek method and LMP was not statistically different; and 75.9% (174 cases) the same gestational age was obtained by both methods (p=0.943). In 51.5% (118 cases) both methods detected mature neonates (K=0.806). Conclusion: The simple Klimek Method is completely compatible with the New Ballard and LMP methods in determining neonatal maturity.
Ghader Najafi; Saeed Abbasi Maleki; Seyyed Kamel Eftekhari
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 164-172
Abstract
Background and purpose: Dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems play a critical role in expression of morphine-induced place conditioning, while vitamin C, released from glutamatergic neurons, modulates the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate. This study investigated the effect of vitamin C on expression ...
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Background and purpose: Dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems play a critical role in expression of morphine-induced place conditioning, while vitamin C, released from glutamatergic neurons, modulates the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate. This study investigated the effect of vitamin C on expression of morphine-induced place conditioning in male mice. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 96 male NMRI mice (20-30g) were randomly divided into 12 groups of 8: control groups received normal saline (10 ml/kg) and treatment groups received morphine (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) and vitamin C (1, 5, and 30 mg/kg) alone and with morphine. The study took place on six consecutive days, consisting of three phases: preconditioning, conditioning, and postconditioning. In the first set, vitamin C alone were administered in conditioning and postconditioning phases to see if they induced conditioned place preference (CPP) or aversion (CPA). In the second set, mice received vitamin C in postconditioning phase after conditioning with morphine. Results: Different doses of morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg, p
Mousa Mahdizadeh; Mehrosaadat Mahdizadeh; Noshin Peyman
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 164-174
Abstract
Background & objective: adolescence is one of the most valuable periodin life which is foundation of the next stage.Adolescents’sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating behaviors threat the present and future life in this age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate healthy lifestyle education ...
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Background & objective: adolescence is one of the most valuable periodin life which is foundation of the next stage.Adolescents’sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating behaviors threat the present and future life in this age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate healthy lifestyle education based on health belief model among adolescents.
Materials and methods: this interventional study was conducted on 113studentswho were selected from two schools in an educational district in Mashhadand viathe cluster sampling method. They were divided intoa case group(56) and a control one(57). datawere gathered using demographic, knowledge and performance questionnaires and also the health belief model constructs. The reliability of the questionnaires was determined by test- retest and alpha. Educational program based on health belief model was designed and implemented in four 50-minute sessions. Thedata were analyzed using SPSS software(11.5).
Results: There was observed a significant difference between after and before intervention in meanscores of knowledge (P=0.033), Performance (P=0.001) and also physical activity, puberty health, structures of health belief model include sensitive (P=0.013), intensity (P=0.008) and efficacy, perceived benefits (P0.001) and perceived barriers (P=0.001) while, there was no significant difference in the case group.
Conclusion: Health education programs which are based on health belief modelcan be effective in promoting health awareness, perceptions of cognitive and healthy lifestyle behaviors in adolescents.
M TAFAZOLI; L AMIRI FARAAHANI; A MOHAMMADZADEH
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September and October 2007, , Pages 165-171
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The umbilical cord is one of the most important sites for bacterial colonization after birth. Different regimens have been used for umbilical neonatal cord care, some of which have established bad effects for neonates and may even delay its separation. This study is conducted ...
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Background and Purpose: The umbilical cord is one of the most important sites for bacterial colonization after birth. Different regimens have been used for umbilical neonatal cord care, some of which have established bad effects for neonates and may even delay its separation. This study is conducted to compare the effect of topical application of breast milk and dry cord care on cord separation time in neonates.
Methods and Materials: In a randomized clinical trial, 150 neonates with 38-42 weeks of gestational age, singleton and without congenital anomaly were randomly selected an assigned into two groups: Mother's milk for group 1, and dry cord care for group 2. All mothers in two groups received an instructed face-toface cord care education within 3 hours of birth. Group 1 applied breast milk to the umbilical stump 3 hours after birth and continued every 12 hours until 2 days after umbilical cord separation. Nothing was applied to the umbilical stump of the dry cord care group. Relevant data were analyzed in SPSS using two-way ANOVA, Chi-Square, Student’s t-test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and General Linear Model.
Results: According to the results, statistical differences were observed in the cord separation time across the two groups; in the breast milk group, the cord separation time (152.42±48.804) was shorter than the corresponding time (175.57±59.57) in the dry cord care group.
Conclusion: The results indicated that topical application of breast milk for umbilical cord care leads to reduced cord separation time.
Ahmad Alipour; Nasim Sharif; Alireza Aghayosefi; Farhad Shaghaghi
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 165-175
Abstract
Background and objective: Due to the increasing incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease and emphasis on researchers of Health on Association Biological and psychological factors and cardiac biomarkers with incidence and persistence of cardiovascular disease are felt more than ever necessary ...
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Background and objective: Due to the increasing incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease and emphasis on researchers of Health on Association Biological and psychological factors and cardiac biomarkers with incidence and persistence of cardiovascular disease are felt more than ever necessary to analyze the relationship between Coping Ways with Stress and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), But until now researchers have not explored it empirically, So The aim of this study was to examine the relation between Coping Ways with Stress and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in Coronary Heart Disease patients.
Materials and methods: This is a correlation study. Statistical community were All patients CHD Shahid Rajaie Heart Hospital in Tehran. 44 patients with CHD admitted to the women and men surgical department surgery, women and men local department and private sector hospitals that CHD confirmed by angiography had been chosen from among eligible patients.Condition.In this study was used of Coping Ways questionnaire- Lazarus and Folkman and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) kit. For statistical analysis of research data was usedIndicators and descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis with stepwise method. The computer software used in this study for data processing was SPSS/17.
Results: The results showed there are Positive and significant correlation between Emotional Focused Coping Ways(Inefficient) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)and also Negative and significant correlation between Problem Focused Coping Ways(Efficient) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and coefficient of positive re-evaluation coping way (β=-0/737) according to the T test show that the variables with 99% confidence can be predicted to the changes related to Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and also coefficients of positive re-evaluation and Responsibility coping ways according to the T test show that the variables with 99% confidence can be predicted to the changes related to Low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
Conclusion: In sum, we conclude that the increased use of Emotional Focused Coping Ways lead to increases in levels of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)and increased in the use of Problem Focused Coping Ways lead to decreased in levels of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
Saeed Asgari; Farid Zareiy; Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban; Mehdi Safari
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 166-171
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Microbial، physical and chemical irritants may lead to dental pulp inflammation. For irreversible pulpitis، root canal therapy is the only option. In these situations، vital pulp therapy is usually uncomplicated and inexpensive. The main aim of the present study was comparing ...
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Background and Purpose: Microbial، physical and chemical irritants may lead to dental pulp inflammation. For irreversible pulpitis، root canal therapy is the only option. In these situations، vital pulp therapy is usually uncomplicated and inexpensive. The main aim of the present study was comparing three different treatments of dental pulp inflammation، including root canal therapy and pulpotomy. Since there were missing data in the 6 and 12 months follow-ups، the missing mechanism was considered in data analysis process. Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial، 615 patients were randomly allocated into three arms: RCT (n=203)، pulpotomy with CEM cement (n=205)، and with MTA (n=207). The presence of periapical lesion in the baseline، 6th and 12th month was assessed radiographically. After evaluating the mechanism of the missing data، weighted generalized estimating equations (WGEE) methodology was utilized for the analysis of data. To do this، the SAS software، version 9.1 was used. Results: The success rate of pulpotomy with MTA in 6 and 12 months follow-up was 96% and 95%، respectively. These rates were 92% and 93% for pulpotomy with CEM. Additionally، the success rate of root canal therapy was 78% and 82% in the above mentioned follow-up periods respectively، which indicate the significant superiority of pulpotomy with MTA and CEM over RCT (P
MB ARDESHIR LARIJANI; SM TAVANGAR; AR SHAFAHI; A LASHKARI; M RASOULINEZHAD; R HESHMAT; M IZADI; V HAGHPANAH; SH AFHAMI; M MOHRAZ
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January and February 2007, , Pages 166-171
Abstract
Background and Purpose: A wide spectrum of endocrine abnormalities including thyroid dysfunction has been observed in HIV-infected patients with different results. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and to identify factors affecting the development of hypothyroidism ...
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Background and Purpose: A wide spectrum of endocrine abnormalities including thyroid dysfunction has been observed in HIV-infected patients with different results. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and to identify factors affecting the development of hypothyroidism in HIV-infected patients.
Methods and Materials: Free T4, FT3, TSH, and thyroglobulin levels of 88 HIV-infected patients receiving care at UT counseling center for Behavioral Disorders in Tehran, an out patient referral center, were measured and data on their age, sex, body weight, BMI, history of opium and injection addictions, duration of HIV infection, disease stage, history of opportunistic infection or malignancy, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral treatment with antiretroviral drugs (HAART), receipt of other drugs (TMP-SMX, antituberculosis drugs, and steroids), and hepatitis C virus Co-infection were collected. Inclusion of the subjects was simply random.
Results:17% of subjects had hypothyroidism; 1.1% had overt hypothyroidism; 2.3% subclinical hypothyroidism and 13.6% had low FT4 levels. The multivariate analysis showed that none of the studied factors were associated with the development of hypothyroidism.
Conclusion: As none of the above-mentioned factors are not associated with the development of hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism should be considered in HIV-infected patients.
Abdolghader Assar Roudi; Ali Ajvadi
Volume 16, Issue 3 , September and October 2009, , Pages 167-170
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Osteoid Osteoma is a benign tumor often involving long bones of lower limb and diaphysis. This article is a case report of osteoid osteoma of the right distal metaphysis of radius. The Patient: A 26-year male computer operator referred with the chief complaint of pain in the right ...
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Background and Purpose: Osteoid Osteoma is a benign tumor often involving long bones of lower limb and diaphysis. This article is a case report of osteoid osteoma of the right distal metaphysis of radius. The Patient: A 26-year male computer operator referred with the chief complaint of pain in the right wrist from three years ago manifested as a small bone tumor in the distal radius. The pain was intermittent tending to become more severe at night with only ibuprofen (tablet) being effective on his pain. MRI and X-ray images taken from the wrist signified osteoid osteoma. Finally the tumor was removed under general anesthesia and biopsy confirmed the osteoid osteoma too. Conclusion: One of the causes of chronic wrist pain can be osteoid osteoma and should be differentiated from Carpal tunnel syndrome osteomyelitis rheumatoid arthritis and lymphoproliferative Synovitis.
MohammadReza Sarmadi; Iesa Ebrahimzadeh; Hossein Zare; Mitra gharib; AmirHossein Emami; atosa gharib
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 169-179
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Critical thinking is a high priority outcome of higher education. With the ever-increasing spread of virtual courses, enhancement in the critical thinking in distance learning has become the center of attention for the stakeholders. The present study was conducted to qualitatively ...
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Background and Purpose: Critical thinking is a high priority outcome of higher education. With the ever-increasing spread of virtual courses, enhancement in the critical thinking in distance learning has become the center of attention for the stakeholders. The present study was conducted to qualitatively examine the experiences of teachers and students in teaching and learning critical thinking in medical education. Methods and Materials: In this qualitative study, 7 E-teachers and 11 postgraduate E-students of medical education were interviewed using a semi-structured method. All interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and then analyzed through constant comparison based on Strauss and Corbin's method. Results: Three themes were identified in this study; nature of critical thinking, critical thinking within the framework of medical education discipline; and the teaching-learning process of critical thinking in the virtual environment. Conclusion: The participants’ experiences indicated that the learning-teaching of critical thinking in virtual education is affected by teaching strategies, the features of course management software, creation of a learner-centered environment and the role of critical thinking as one of the objectives of curriculum and evaluation.
Jerald Larcher; Mahmood Mahmoodi; Farideh Zeini; Hossein Moallaei; Seyyed Mehdi Zargariyan
Volume 15, Issue 3 , September and October 2008, , Pages 169-175
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Keratinolytic fungi (KF) are among the fungi existing in the soil whose enzymatic activity causes the decomposition of keratinized material in the soil; they are also considered as one of the pathogenic factors. The present study was conducted to determine the enzymatic activity ...
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Background and Purpose: Keratinolytic fungi (KF) are among the fungi existing in the soil whose enzymatic activity causes the decomposition of keratinized material in the soil; they are also considered as one of the pathogenic factors. The present study was conducted to determine the enzymatic activity of the KF and to evaluate the effect of climatic conditions on their activity. Methods and Materials: This deh1ive cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 isolates of KF randomly selected from different regions in Iran and other countries in 2004. The samples were cultured in Modified Czaspex-dextrose liquid medium (MCDLM). Their enzymatic activity was measured using Azocazein the general subtilisin of serin proteinase and chromogenic substrates including N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-ρNA N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu-ρNA and N-Bz- Phe-Val-Arg- ρNA. The obtained data were summarized using two-dimensional tables and were analyzed using non-repeating one-way ANOVA and Tukey test in SPSS. Results: The results indicated that Myriodontium keratinophilum (94.6 u/ml) and Microsporum coockei (81.66 u/ml) had the highest Azocaseinolytic activity and hydrolysed N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-ρNA N-Bz- Phe-Val-Arg- ρNA and N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu-ρNA respectively. Statistically significant differences were onserved to exist between methods of determining enzymatic activity (P