Hasan Ravansalar; Seyyed Mehdi Zargarian; MohammadReza Behrouzikhah; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 207-212
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Thyroid autoimmune disease is the most common thyroid disorder in low-iodine intake areas; evaluation of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), anti-Thyoglubolin (TGAb) and anti-microsomal (TMAb) in most patients with hypothyroidism is of significant importance. Therefore, the ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Thyroid autoimmune disease is the most common thyroid disorder in low-iodine intake areas; evaluation of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), anti-Thyoglubolin (TGAb) and anti-microsomal (TMAb) in most patients with hypothyroidism is of significant importance. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the role of anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with hypothyroidism in Sabzevar, Iran. Methods and Materials: This is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study where 382 subjects with TSH above normal and T3 and T4 below normal were selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Their TSH, TPOAb, TGAb and TMSb were measured through Eliza method. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient, where P
Mahin Bodaghabadi
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January and February 2009, , Pages 207-212
Abstract
Background and Purpose: One variable that potentially affects labor is the adequacy of maternal hydration throughout labor. Maternal fasting and muscular performance during labor may lead to dehydration. The present study was designed to determine the effect of intravenous hydration on the process of ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: One variable that potentially affects labor is the adequacy of maternal hydration throughout labor. Maternal fasting and muscular performance during labor may lead to dehydration. The present study was designed to determine the effect of intravenous hydration on the process of labor. Methods and Materials: This study is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 200 pregnant women admitted to Sabzevar Maternity Hospital in Sabzevar Iran. The control group received 40 cc intravenous fluids per hour according to hospital protocol however Center in Sabzevar Iran. of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences Iranthe case group received 120 cc per hour. Labor outcome was evaluated and compared in two groups. The data were collected through interview and observation and analyzed in SPSS using Mann Whitney U and chi-square. Results: Mean duration of the third stage of labor in the cases was 6.65 and in controls 10.33 minutes with the difference being statistically significant (p
Farzad Rajaee; Tayyebeh Hadigol; Zivar Salehi; Amir Farzam
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 207-215
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Regarding to remarkable growth of population and consequent crowding of it in big cities and immune system sensitivity against environmental agents, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of social stress on spleen of mouse.
Methods and Materials: Thirty adult ...
Read More
Background and Objectives: Regarding to remarkable growth of population and consequent crowding of it in big cities and immune system sensitivity against environmental agents, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of social stress on spleen of mouse.
Methods and Materials: Thirty adult male mice of the NMRI strain were selected at the age of 5-6 weeks and were randomly divided into 2 groups. In control group, 5 animals per cage (3 cages) and in stress group, 15 animals per cage were housed for a period of two months. All animals were anesthetized with an intrapritoneally injection of ketamine and xylazine after two months. The sample of blood from left ventricle of heart was provided by heparinized syringe. Serum samples were used for hormonal study by radioimmunoassay. Spleen was weighted after removing and the samples of spleen were fixed for light microscopic study. The mean numbers of macrophage and megakaryocyte cells were determined. The data has been compared using statistical methods (t-test and Mann-Whitney test).
Results: The mean weight of spleen and corticosterone level of serum was insignificantly reduced in stress group compared to control group. The mean numbers of macrophage cells in stress group were insignificantly increased compared to control group. The results showed that the mean numbers of megakaryocyte cells were significantly reduced between stress and control group(P=0.007).
Conclusions: The results showed that the crowding stress can be resulted in decreased number of megakaryocyte cells whereas no significant effect on macrophage cells, serum cortisol hormone level and weight of spleen were found. However, further studies in this area are needed to confirm it.
Mahmoud Soltani; Mehrdad Fathi; Mahtab Moazzemi; Nasrin Golradi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 207-216
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise in water on cortisol levels and TGF-β in men with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental and applied method with pre and posttest. The study population was 30 male patients ...
Read More
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise in water on cortisol levels and TGF-β in men with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental and applied method with pre and posttest. The study population was 30 male patients with MS referred to a neurologist in Mashhad, Iran; who were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control). Exercise program for the experimental group consisted of 24 40-minute sessions of aerobic exercise in water for eight weeks, with a frequency of three times per week. So that, based on the principle of overload, after every eight sessions, 10 minutes was added to exercise program. Before and after the exercise program, blood samples were taken from the patients for measurement of cortisol and TGF-β levels. Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test (between-group differences) and paired t-test (within-group differences), and P≤0.05 was statistically considered significant.
Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in cortisol levels; so that the exercise program significantly decreased cortisol levels (P=0.001). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in TGF-β levels.
Conclusion: The results showed that MS patients can benefit from a longer period of aerobic exercise in water, to improve their own immune system via reduction in TGF-β level.
MH FOROUZANFAR; S HOSSEINI; M BAHRAMI; A ATAEI JAFARI; B ALI REZAPOUR; M PAJOUHI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 211-217
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Sweeteners make the diet more palatable. Honey is a natural sweetener which can be useful in weight loss due to its antioxidant content. In this study, we examined the effect of honey intake on body weight and blood glucose of overweight and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Methods ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Sweeteners make the diet more palatable. Honey is a natural sweetener which can be useful in weight loss due to its antioxidant content. In this study, we examined the effect of honey intake on body weight and blood glucose of overweight and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Methods and Materials: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 34 type diabetics with BMI³25 kg/m2 and fasting blood sugar (FBS) 110-220 mg/dl. Exclusion criteria were malignant disease, major surgery, taking immunoregulatory, cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs, pregnancy or lactation in women and insulin injection. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Honey Group received oral natural honey for 8 weeks, but the control group continued their usual diet. Body weight and FBS measurements were done at the end of weeks 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. Repeated measurement analysis was used for analyzing the trend of changes.
Results: After the adjustment for the baseline values, the amount of weight loss in the Honey group was 1.6±0.33 kg in average less than the control group (P=0.0001). After the adjustment of the effect of the baseline FBS, the trend of FBS changes were 10.38±8 mg more than the Honey group, which was not significant. The FBS changes were not also significant across the two groups.
Conclusion: The 8-week consumption of honey can help lose body weight in obese and overweight diabetic patients without any harmful damages on blood glucose.
Maasoume Aran; Manouchehr Ardjomand-Hessabi; Malahat Akbar Fahimi; Marjan Vejdani; Mohammad Kamali
Volume 24, Issue 4 , July and August 2017, , Pages 211-216
Abstract
Background & Objectives: People with disabilities are increasing in the world; so recognizing attitude of the society about disability is necessary. Since this attitude is important, having appropriate tools for its measuring is essential. This study was aimed to investigate psychometric properties ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: People with disabilities are increasing in the world; so recognizing attitude of the society about disability is necessary. Since this attitude is important, having appropriate tools for its measuring is essential. This study was aimed to investigate psychometric properties of a measuring scale of attitudes toward people with disabilities.
Materials & Methods: This is a non-experimental study, in which scale of attitudes toward people with disabilities (ATDP) was translated, equivalent and normalized. Data collection tool was ATDP Scale. English version of the questionnaire in two stages was translated in Persian by three translators whose native language was Persian and they had experience and proficiency in the English translation, then translated back. Scale reliability was investigated test- the test within three weeks. ICC and SEM indices were used for evaluating the relative and absolute repeatability and Cronbach's alpha was used for coefficient to evaluate reproducibility of scale scores. For content validity, qualitative method of content validity was used. The translated text was sent to ten experts and their comments were taken.
Results: The results showed that the translators were agreed in the overall quality of the translation (90%), in the same concept (93.3%), in the transparency (96.7%) and in the common language translator (96.7%). All scales of the questionnaire were showed good stability (Cronbach= 0.85, Icc= 0.75 and r= 0.70).
Conclusion: The study showed that the Persian version of the ATDP scale has reliability and validity for measuring attitudes toward people with disabilities in society.
Hamidreza Behnam Vashani; Mohammad Vahedian Shahroudi; Mehdi Jafarzade Fakhari
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 213-217
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Geriatric age is a course in life where the elderly are subject to potential threats such as chronic diseases, isolation and seclusion, lack of social support, and accordingly mental and physical disabilities threaten their personal independence. These factors can lead to diminish ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Geriatric age is a course in life where the elderly are subject to potential threats such as chronic diseases, isolation and seclusion, lack of social support, and accordingly mental and physical disabilities threaten their personal independence. These factors can lead to diminish the quality of life. Therefore, the quality of life of the elderly people in Sabzevar was investigated in this study. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, 304 elderly of above 60 years dwelling in Sabzevar, Iran in 2010 were selected through systematic cluster sampling. The study data were collected through standardized SF-36 Health Status Questionnaire. They were analyzed through frequency tables and mean ± SD, using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and chi-square in SPSS 15. Level of significance was considered 0.05. Results: The mean quality of life was 44.9±8.7. The highest mean was associated with energy and vigor (50.6±0.5) and the lowest with general health (39.2±19.7). In general, 38.7% had a good life quality and 23.3% did not. Also, 44.4% of elderly men had unsuitable quality of life as far as pain was concerned, and 44.3% were affected with limited physical movement. No significant differences were observed between men and women as regards their limited activity, as well as social, mental and physical problems. However, there was a significant difference as to their pain. Conclusion: Since all dimensions of life quality were below 50 in the present study, the life quality of elderly people in Sabzevar, Iran can be considered unsatisfactory.
Ciristina Verissimo; Joua Brando; Hossein Moallaie; Laura Rosado
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 213-219
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Due to the ever-increasing use of antifungal drugs especially those of azole group, the prevalence of recurrent forms of vaginal infections and the number of drug-resistant yeasts are on the rise. Therefore, the rpesent study is conducted to investigate the sensitivity and resistance ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Due to the ever-increasing use of antifungal drugs especially those of azole group, the prevalence of recurrent forms of vaginal infections and the number of drug-resistant yeasts are on the rise. Therefore, the rpesent study is conducted to investigate the sensitivity and resistance of yeasts isolated from vaginal infections to antifungal drugs.
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 118 yeasts isolated from 436 suspects of vulvovaginal candidiasis; their sensitivity and resisitance to drugs belonging to imidazoles group including clotrimazole (CTR), fluconazole (FCA), ketoconazole (KET), miconazole (MCZ) and econazole (EC) as well as nystatine (NY) belonging to polyene group using the standard disc diffusion technique. To determine their relationship clinical symptoms and the raltion of resistance to one drug with resistance to other drugs, relevant tests were used including chi-square, kappa and linear regression coefficient in SPSS 11.
Results: The results showed no resistance to nystatine from polyene group and econazole from azole group; however, 53 cases (%44.9) were resistant to fluconazole, 26 cases (%22) to miconazole, 10 cases (%8.5) to clotrimazole and 2 cases (%1.7) to ketoconazole.
Conclusion: The results of linear correlation showed a negative correlation between the sensitivity of yeasts to CTR and KET and clinical symptoms.
Narges Sarshar; Mojtaba Kianmehr; Mehdi Yaghoubi; Mohammad Ghahreman; Hosein Mokhtarian Deloee; Hamid Rasekhi
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January and February 2009, , Pages 213-219
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Hyperlipidemia particularly hypercholesterolemia is commonly accepted as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases. Egg yolk is one of the richest sources of dietary cholesterol in human nutrition. As egg yolk has relatively lower cholesterol level in ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Hyperlipidemia particularly hypercholesterolemia is commonly accepted as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases. Egg yolk is one of the richest sources of dietary cholesterol in human nutrition. As egg yolk has relatively lower cholesterol level in eggs enriched with Omega-3 the present study was conducted to determine the effect of consuming eggs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids on serum lipid profile and blood pressure. Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental research twenty-six (8 male and 18 female) university students were randomly selected from healthy volunteers for this study. Two well-cooked moderately sized eggs were added to the subjects' breakfast in addition to their regular diet for 4 weeks. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements their intake of energy and other nutrients were compared using paired t-test in SPSS before and after the new diet was given. Results: The consumption of enriched eggs for 4 weeks (2 eggs per day) significantly decreased the average level of triglyceride (p=0.0001) systolic (p=0.0001) and diastolic (p=0.001) blood pressures from 93.8 mg/dl 117.3 mmHg and 78.84 mmHg before the new diet to 67.5 mg/dl 95.38 mmHg and 69.46 mmHg respectively after consuming eggs. However HDL-C (p=0.0001) PUFA (p=0.03) and cholesterol intake (p=0.0001) significantly increased from 46.26 mg/dl 20.3 gr/day and 231.1 gr/day to 65.6 mg/dl 25.7 gr/day and 510.1 gr/day respectively at the end of the study. No significant changes were found in other parameters. Conclusion: The enrichment of eggs with omega-3 fatty acids raises HDL-C levels and decreased the triglyceride and blood pressure.
Ali Garmayee; Mansour Hakim Javadi; Masomeh Alavi; Masoud Gholamali lavasani
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 213-221
Abstract
Background: emotional intelligence is a complex of abilities and could be learend .The main goal of this research was investigate the impact of emotional intelligence education on martyred foundation social workers.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. Research design was ...
Read More
Background: emotional intelligence is a complex of abilities and could be learend .The main goal of this research was investigate the impact of emotional intelligence education on martyred foundation social workers.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. Research design was pre test- post test with control group that participants After random selection perch in the experimental group and the control group . The sample size consisted
of 25 subjects(13 control and 12 experimentation) of Guilan’s martyred social workers selected by random sampling method. After the pre-test, test group for two months (eight 90-minute sessions), participated in the training sessions, emotional intelligence. After training, both groups were post-tested. Instrument of this research was Trait Meta Mood Scale(TMMS).From the standard deviation and variance for the analysis of demographic data and paired t-test and independent t was used to compare groups with self and their front groups.
Findings: From Performance paired and independent t-test result that the mean difference between the experimental group is higher than before the implementation classes and The difference between the experimental group and the control group (94/2 = t, 008/0p
Effat Maskani; Hasan Abdollahzadeh; Batool Kalate Meimari; Farzaneh Saadattalab
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 213-219
Abstract
Background: This study was done for offering an effective situation of starting supplementary of growth process for children under the age of one year old in Sabzevar and also to direct the heath policy procedure in the area.
Material & Method: 400 samples using classification procedure based ...
Read More
Background: This study was done for offering an effective situation of starting supplementary of growth process for children under the age of one year old in Sabzevar and also to direct the heath policy procedure in the area.
Material & Method: 400 samples using classification procedure based on volume of sample from health centers were chosen. The criteria for entering the study was that supplementary nutrition during evaluation was at least for one month. The data was gathered in two sections, before and after starting supplementary nutrition through checking the information of family record, quetionnaire and interview. For analysing the data, MecNemar test and correlation of Pierson were used.
Results: The age of staring supplementary nutrition in %80/75 was above six months. Desirable growth process before and after supplementary nutrition were %87 and %81/03, respectively. There was a significant statistical relationship between these two trends (p‹0.001 & r=0.595). And also there was a significant relationship between breastfeeding and growth process before starting supplementary nutrition (p=0.04 & r=0.115). MecNemar Test independently showed a statistically significant relationship between child sex, paternal occupation and maternal education level, before and after supplementary nutrition (p‹o.oo1). Although, this kind of relationship was not detected in the other cases.
Conclusion: Starting supplementary nutrition can be potentially a positive factor in desirable growth process(r=0.595), but other variables such as; child’s sex, father’s job and educational level of mother can impact on this situation, independently which must be observed in the process of nutritional consultation.
Hossein Shareh; Mahshid Dovlatshahi; Mohammad Kahani
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 216-227
Abstract
Background: The relationship between metacognitions and depressive symptoms has been proved during the past decades. The aim of this study was to consider effectiveness of group metacognitive therapy (GMCT) in improving metacognitive beliefs and ruminative responses of patients suffering from major depressive ...
Read More
Background: The relationship between metacognitions and depressive symptoms has been proved during the past decades. The aim of this study was to consider effectiveness of group metacognitive therapy (GMCT) in improving metacognitive beliefs and ruminative responses of patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD).
Materials and Methods: This study was a pre-posttreatment experimental design with control group. The statistical society included all of patients with MDD who were refered or came to Rahyab psychological Clinic, Astane Ghods psychology clinic and Ebne Sina hospital in Mashhad, Iran in 2013. Twenty four patients were selected via a purposive and available sampling methodand were assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. Experimental group experienced 8 weeks of GMCTand control group did not receive any treatments . All subjects completed 3 questionnaries at pre and post-treatment: the Beck Depression Inventory-2nd edition (BDI-II), Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), and Ruminative Response Scales (RRS). Data were analyzed by percentage improvement and multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: Results showed that GMCT compared to control group lead to significant improvement in depression, metacognitive beliefs and ruminative responses) P
Zohreh Daneshvarpoor; Lotfollah Karimi; Mohsen Ahmadi
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 217-223
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The relationship between the quality of attachment and psychological injuries include a wide range of psychological research. The aim of this study was to compare the attachment styles in normal students and those with high depressive symptoms. Materials and methods: This case-control ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: The relationship between the quality of attachment and psychological injuries include a wide range of psychological research. The aim of this study was to compare the attachment styles in normal students and those with high depressive symptoms. Materials and methods: This case-control research involved the population of female university students at the Teacher Training University of Tehran during the education year 2010-2011. The sample included 82 students (41 depressed and 41 normal). The instruments were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)، clinical interview and Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read، 1990). To analyze the data the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used in SPSS 16. Results: Mean scores of the depressed and non-depressed students in three attachment styles (secure، avoidance insecure and ambivalent insecure) were 55.44±4.33، 12.59±2.55، 13.13±2.77، 18.69±4.23، 13.35±3.01 and 88.44±1.67 respectively. The mean score of depressed insecure ambivalent style was higher than that of the non-depressed group (F=5.59، P
Mehdi Zarei; Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh; Seyyed Mehdi Beheshti Nasr
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 217-227
Abstract
Background: Low-frequency stimulation (LFS) (
Read More
Background: Low-frequency stimulation (LFS) (
Lida Moghaddam Banaem; Seyyedeh Samira Mokhlesi; Masoud Kimiagar; Minor Lamieyan; Leila Ghalekhandabi; Siamak Mohebbi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 217-225
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is one of the leading causes of preterm delivery and Potential adverse in prenatal. Given the importance of certain factors and lack of it's predisposing to this complication, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between PROM ...
Read More
Introduction and Objective: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is one of the leading causes of preterm delivery and Potential adverse in prenatal. Given the importance of certain factors and lack of it's predisposing to this complication, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between PROM and the mother's blood lead level in first half of pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study has done on 110 pregnant women at 14-20 weeks gestational age at clinics in teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University in the years 1389-1390.Obtainig blood samples to measure lead in enrollment and demographic and pregnancy questionnaire was completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 software and Corelation Spearman, χ2, Man-Whitney U, Linear regression tests and P
Majid Fallahi; Seyyed Mehdi Razavi; Aliasghar Khosroabadi; Arash Akaberi
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 218-223
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders among the most important occupational health issues nowadays. As the ministry of health is responsible for the community health and providing better services requires healthy workforce, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders among the most important occupational health issues nowadays. As the ministry of health is responsible for the community health and providing better services requires healthy workforce, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in health-treatment employees at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2008. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 364 personnel of health-treatment employees at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2008, who were selected through convenient sampling. The disorders were investigated through Nordik Questionnaire including those in 9 body parts within the past week, past year, and falling behind work due to disorders. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 13 using independent t-test and correlation coefficient. Results: Mean ± SD and employment period of the participants were 31.81±6.88 and 9.36±7 respectively. The highest prevalence of the past year in all participants was related to their waist (57.8%), knee (44%) and (42.6%). However, in participants working for treatment centers, the figures were 61.6%, 46.9% and 48.6% respectively. In the paramedical employees, disorders of was 29.7% and in health center employees, wrist disorders were 28.4%. Conclusion: The prevalence of disorders in university employees is high and the highest rates are related to waist and knee. Disorders of back, waist, and knee in the treatment center employees, and neck disorders in health center employees were higher.
FS MORTAZAVI; A AKABERI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 218-223
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The diagnosis of women with LBW or macrosomic infants through a simple convenient means provides them with timely and appropriate caregiving. In this study, the value of symphysis-fundal height and abdominal girth in predicting birth weight was examined.
Methods and Materials: ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: The diagnosis of women with LBW or macrosomic infants through a simple convenient means provides them with timely and appropriate caregiving. In this study, the value of symphysis-fundal height and abdominal girth in predicting birth weight was examined.
Methods and Materials: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the study population included parturients of 38-42 weeks gestational age. 795 parturients admitted to Shahidan Mobini hospital in Sabzevar, Iran were purposively selected. The inclusion criteria were bearing single alive term fetus and longitudinal lie. Women with severe fetal anomaly, presence of thick fat layer at the lower abdomen, oligohydramnios or polyhyramnios based on ultrasound reports were excluded. Symphysis-fundal height and abdominal girth were measured a few hours before delivery and birth weight was measured after delivery. Birth weight was predicted by using two formulae: (Birth weight = fundal height * abdominal girth) and (Regression model of birth weight over fundal height). Relevant data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, regression, covariance analysis and t-test in SPSS.
Results: 56% of the sample were primipara. Head engagement occurred only in 21.9% before admission to the hospital. The correlation between birth weight and fundal height measurement was 0.581 (p = 0.000). The correlation between birth weight and fundal height multiplied by abdominal girth measurement was 0.56 (p = 0.000). To predict birth weights more than 4000 grams, the sensitivity and specificity of fundal height multiplied by abdominal girth measurement with cut point 3900 gram were 81% and 82% respectively. For the second formula with cut point 3450 gram, these figures were 75% and 85% respectively. To predict birth weights less than 2500 grams, the sensitivity and specificity of fundal height multiplied by abdominal girth measurement with cut point 3000 gram were 70% and 79% respectively; for the second formula with the same cut point, these figures were 77% and 85% respectively.
Conclusion: In order to detect infants with birth weights more than 4000 grams, the first formula with cut point 3900 gram is more valid and better than the second formula but for the prediction of birth weights less than 2500 grams, the second formula, with cut point 3000 gram, is more valid than the first.
Ali Movafegh; Omid Nabavian; Masood Younesian; Bijan Jahanguiri
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January and February 2009, , Pages 220-225
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Opioids are frequently added to local anesthetics in order to improve analgesia in neuraxial blocks which may lead to – sometimes intolerable - pruritus in the patients. In this study the effect of meperidine on pruritus following the preh1ion of opioids (in the scale and ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Opioids are frequently added to local anesthetics in order to improve analgesia in neuraxial blocks which may lead to – sometimes intolerable - pruritus in the patients. In this study the effect of meperidine on pruritus following the preh1ion of opioids (in the scale and dose of mg) in regional anesthesia was investigated. Methods and Materials: This clinical trial was conducted on 54 patients in two groups of 27. The patients included those hospitalized fro cesarean section in the midwifery ward as well as those in the surgical-orthopedic ward. Both groups received anesthetic and opioids (meperidine in mg doses). The first group i.e. the control group received a certain volume of physiologic serum and the second group i.e. the experimental group received the same volume of physiologic serum plus IV meperidine (nanogram dose). Pruritus was measured in the conventional scale at hours 0 6 12 and 24 after surgery. In the statistical analysis Mann Whitney U Fisher's exact test and chi-square were used. Results: in the experimental group incidence and intensity of pruritus (in case of occurring) were significantly lower than the control group (intensity score being one). Conclusion: Using nano-doses of opioids (meperidine) is effective in preventing pruritus.
Zahra Nava Noorafshar; Mohsen Kooshan
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 220-224
Abstract
Introduction: Suicide is one of the social and health problems. Epidemiological studies of suicide can provide the basis for effective preventive actions. The present study has conducted with the aim of epidemiological investigation of people who commit suicide among people who refer to Sabzevar hospitals ...
Read More
Introduction: Suicide is one of the social and health problems. Epidemiological studies of suicide can provide the basis for effective preventive actions. The present study has conducted with the aim of epidemiological investigation of people who commit suicide among people who refer to Sabzevar hospitals in 2010.
Material and Methods: This study has been a cross-sectional study. Documents of patients have been used for gathering required data. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.
Findings: In this study, the prevalence of attempted suicide, has been calculated 1 per thousand. During a year, 471 cases of attempted suicide was recorded in the city of Sabzevar. 305 cases were in the age group of 15 to 24 years old which have been formed the highest prevalence of cases. In this study, women were 288 cases that make 61% of cases. Singles were 289 that make 61/4 % of cases. Most cases of committing suicide have been among housewives with 125 cases that include 26/5 % of cases
Conclusion: The prevalence of committing suicide in the Sabzevar city was calculated 1 per thousand. According to the suicide recording system of health ministry, Sabzevar with regard to committing suicide prevalence, is one of the cities with moderate risk.
Babak barati; Shahram Nazarian; Mehdi Shirazi; Nasibeh Ghorbani; Mojtaba Saadati; Mohammadbagher Salehi; Hadi Shirzad
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 221-227
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Typhoid fever, a disease caused by Salmonella typhi, is still one of the most important infectious diseases across the world. Different methods such as biochemical and Elisa methods are used for detection of this bacterium, which produce false responses in addition to being time-consuming ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Typhoid fever, a disease caused by Salmonella typhi, is still one of the most important infectious diseases across the world. Different methods such as biochemical and Elisa methods are used for detection of this bacterium, which produce false responses in addition to being time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, the present research was conducted to detect Salmonella typhi by PCR method which is rapid, inexpensive and specific. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study which was conducted via diagnostic method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for detection of Salmonella typhi. This strain had formerly been confirmed by biochemical methods. For detection by PCR, one primer pair was designed, being specific to ViaB gene. The PCR product was digested by restricted enzyme. For specificity of assay, 6 different strains were used as control negative and for sensitivity of PCR reaction, serial dilution of bacteria was used. Results: The PCR product of Salmonella typhi was 530 bp which were then confirmed by digestion enzymes. In testing the specificity of the assay, Salmonella typhimorium, Shigella flexneri, E. coli, Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were used as negative control, and did not yield a PCR product. The sensitivity of this method was estimated to be about 50 CFU/ml. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that detection of ViaB gene with PCR method can be used for diagnossis of Salmonella typhi in clinical samples as a rapid, inexpensive, specific and highly sensitive method.
Akbar Ahmadi Asour; Mohammad Hossein Saghi; Ramezanali Khamirchi; Tahereh Vaziri; Ayyob Rastegar
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 222-229
Abstract
Introduction: Unnecessary use of chemical manure in order to increase the crop production, particularly in the agricultural sector, causes environmental damages and disorder in terms of soil fertility. In the manure preparation method through the biogas, organic manure of high quality can be produced ...
Read More
Introduction: Unnecessary use of chemical manure in order to increase the crop production, particularly in the agricultural sector, causes environmental damages and disorder in terms of soil fertility. In the manure preparation method through the biogas, organic manure of high quality can be produced in addition to obtaining gas. The purpose of this study is to examine the physical as well as chemical properties of the manure produced by the combined wastes of livestock and poultry using biogas system.
Research method: In order to put the pilot project into operation, livestock and poultry wastes were primarily collected and were added to the planned pilot in a proportional ratio of 1:2. After about two months, the produced gas was measured and the parameters of the manure were analyzed according to the pilot sample and subsequently, they were compared with the existing standards. Using EXCEL, the gathered data were analyzed.
Results: PH rate obtained from the manure was estimated to be 7.2. Reportedly, the electrical conductivity of the sample was equal to 29.53 ml. Siemens/cm. and the humidity was 5%. The organic compounds in the sample were 8.19% and ash was 8.58%. Furthermore, the rate of the organic carbon for the sample was 40% and the size of the uniformed particles was of the highest mesh, i.e. 50. The manure obtained has a phosphorous concentration of 1 mg/l and the sodium concentration obtained were 94 mg/l and potassium 74 mg/l.
Discussion and conclusion: Findings indicate that the rate of organic materials, phosphorus, ash and organic carbon are consistent with the standards set by WHO. With regard to low cost, availability, being danger-free and enriched as well as the simultaneous use of the gas produced, the manure obtained through the biogas can be considered a suitable kind of manure for agriculture.
Kazem Maskani; Arash Akaberi; Fatemeh Shahabipoor; Mohammad Ali Yaghoobifar
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 224-232
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Undue admission and staying in hospitals are considered as a weakness of health and treatment systems as well as criteria of performance evaluation، used for determining the efficacy of hospital beds even in developed countries. In addition to increasing the costs، undue staying ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Undue admission and staying in hospitals are considered as a weakness of health and treatment systems as well as criteria of performance evaluation، used for determining the efficacy of hospital beds even in developed countries. In addition to increasing the costs، undue staying exposes the patient into nasocomial infections. Therefore، the present study was designed to investigate the rate of undue admission and staying of patients in hospitals of Sabzevar، Iran in 2009 based on the criteria of appropriateness evaluation protocol. Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical research involving the population of patients admitted to hospitals in Sabzevar، Iran. The sample included 385 patients who were sampled through multi-stage stratified sampling. Each of the three hospitals was selected for a 12-week period، three days per week، two patients form two wards; finally 428 patients were evaluated. Data were collected through tables of admission criteria and appropriate admission of the patients as well as the hospital records. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square and Fisher''s exact test. Results: Mean staying in hospitals was 3.23 days but 11.4% of the admissions were inappropriate; orthopedic ward (29.1%) had the highest and gynecological ward (zero) the lowest rate. Undue admission of men (13.9%) was higher than that of women (9.7%); the highest rate of undue admissions was associated with the age range of 41-60. Appropriate admission due to surgery or other invasive procedures (48.8%) had the highest frequency. In the three hospitals evaluated، 0.2% of the admissions were undue، and 99.8% appropriate. Conclusion: The rate of undue admissions is higher than appropriate ones، and the rate undue admissions in the orthopedic ward were the highest and in the gynecological ward the lowest.
Majid Jalal Yazdi; Ezat Samadipour
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 224-228
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Extracorporeal lithotripsy is one of the low risk treatments of renal stones. Its severe complication is hematoma and the most common complication is hematuria. Its cardiovascular effects include diastolic BP increase and ventricular arrhythmias, aggravation of heart failure and ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Extracorporeal lithotripsy is one of the low risk treatments of renal stones. Its severe complication is hematoma and the most common complication is hematuria. Its cardiovascular effects include diastolic BP increase and ventricular arrhythmias, aggravation of heart failure and disturbance in cardiac pacemaker. The use of extracorporeal lithotripsy is nowadays on the rise in metropolitans. Prevention of life-threatening complications and the adoption of the best treatment procedure are essential for such patients. The Patient: A 48-year-old man underwent extracorporeal lithotripsy due to renal stone, and experienced chest pain two hours later. Diagnosed as the lower cardiac infarction, he received aspirin, streptokinase and heparin at the emergency department. Six hours later, he experienced severs hematuria and renal hematoma; anticoagulants was cut down; he was rescued by appropriate hydrotherapy, and drugs such as vasoconstrictives and aprotinin. He was discharged later. Conclusion: The occurrence of acute myocardial infarction due to extracorporeal lithotripsy must be considered; in order to prevent infarction, patients must be examined for cardiovascular conditions before and after extracorporeal lithotripsy.
R MEMARIAN; H YAZDI MOGHADAM; E MOHAMMADI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 224-230
Abstract
Background and purpose: Pain relief is a basic need and right of any patient as well as a priority in nursing. However, postoperative pain control have been inadequate for years with no significant progress. This research was intended to deter mine the effect of nurses' pain management or reducing patients' ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Pain relief is a basic need and right of any patient as well as a priority in nursing. However, postoperative pain control have been inadequate for years with no significant progress. This research was intended to deter mine the effect of nurses' pain management or reducing patients' abdominal postoperative pain.
Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, deta collection instruments were pain and demographic information questionnaire and a visual scale for pain control (0-10). Samples were surgery candidates at Sabzevar Emdad Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran, selected in a one-month period by poisson distribution and their specifications. Control group sampling was done with 65 patients and demographic data were gathered. Before intervention, the vital signs charts were corrected in patients' recordings by adding "pain" as fifth vital sign so that it is measured every time other vital signs are controlled; for each pain scale, appropriate interrentions were considered. Interventions included 3 sessions of 45-60 minutes training and orientation for nurses to perform pain management program. Designed care giving was conducted for 60 experimental patients for one month. Then their pain scores were measured. The obtained data were analyzed using chi-square.
Results: The findings revealed that patients experienced less pain 72 hours after surgery in comparison with the first 24 hours; so that within 72 hours of hospitalzation after intervention, 38.6% of the patients scaled 3-5 degrees of pain and in the first 24 hours after interrention, 41.7% of the patients expressed very severe pain scores of 8-10.
Conclusion: The study findings indicated that, nurses ' pain management can lead to appropriate and timely pain control in postoperative abdominal patients.
Mejrnoosh Safarpor; Leila Kohan; Abdolhossein Porkhajeh
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 225-231
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and obesity is a predictor of NAFLD risk in the general population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between anthropometric parameters and obesity in NAFLD patients and comparison ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and obesity is a predictor of NAFLD risk in the general population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between anthropometric parameters and obesity in NAFLD patients and comparison with healthy peoples.
Materials & Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 94 patients with NAFLD and 100 healthy individuals. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were measured in all participants. The Statistical analysis was performed using t-test and logistic regression model and P