Psychology
Fahimeh Sajedifar; Parvin Ehteshamzadeh; Alireza Heydarei; Sahar Safarzadeh
Volume 31, Issue 1 , March and April 2024, , Pages 83-95
Abstract
Introduction: The early years of life are very important in the interventions and progress of autistic children, and it seems necessary to examine the role of parents in this field. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of early interventions of the Denver-parent ...
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Introduction: The early years of life are very important in the interventions and progress of autistic children, and it seems necessary to examine the role of parents in this field. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of early interventions of the Denver-parent model on improving the developmental profile of children with autism spectrum disorder.Materials and Methods: The current research is applied with AB-type single-subject designs and the statistical population was autistic children in Mahshahr, 3 autistic children were selected by purposive sampling and parents, during 12 individual sessions and 1 hour per week, learned P-ESDM. The evaluation was done in 7 stages with the questionnaire of ASQ3 and descriptive statistics, visual analysis by calculating the percentage of non-overlapping and overlapping data, and comparing graphs were used to analyze the data.Results: The results of the analysis showed that the use of early interventions of the Denver-Parent model increased the scores in the subscales of the developmental profile, with 100% PND and 0% POD, and the increasing trend of scores in various areas of growth continued until the follow-up stage.Conclusion: The implementation of early interventions of the Denver-parent model can lead to the improvement of developmental areas in autistic children and parents have a prominent role in this process, so it seems that introducing and Active participation of parents in the intervention process can be an important step to improve developmental delays in autistic children.
Internal Medicine
Shirin Afhami; Negin Esmailpour Bazaz; Alireza Khoshnevisan; Kourosh Sadeghi; Mahmood Reza Sarzaeem; Parastoo Amiri; Ehsan Rahimpour; Mahnaz Montazeri
Volume 31, Issue 1 , March and April 2024, , Pages 96-105
Abstract
Introduction: The rational use of antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery can reduce surgical site infection, microbial resistance, and economic burden. Therefore, the present study was carried out to optimize the use of antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery using a ready-made drug package prepared in ...
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Introduction: The rational use of antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery can reduce surgical site infection, microbial resistance, and economic burden. Therefore, the present study was carried out to optimize the use of antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery using a ready-made drug package prepared in the pharmacy of Dr. Shariati Hospital.Materials and Methods: The current study is a semi-experimental intervention type, carried out in two stages before and after on 260 patients hospitalized in the heart surgery and neurosurgery departments of Dr. Shariati Hospital who were candidates for surgery and received antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery. A checklist containing patients ' information was completed before and after the preparation of antibiotic prophylaxis packages. Data were analyzed in spss18 software with descriptive and analytical statistics (p≤0.05).Results: Before and after the optimization of antibiotic use, a statistically significant difference was observed in the two study groups regarding dosage, administration intervals, time, and duration of administration. (P<0.001) A 63.42% reduction in the number of doses of antibiotic prophylaxis was observed after the implementation of optimization. Also, there was a 57.33% reduction in the cost of antibiotic prophylaxis after the implementation of optimization.Conclusion: The use of a ready-made drug package before surgery optimizes the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Also, the economic burden caused by inappropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics for the patient and the hospital is significantly reduced with this method.
Health and environment
mostafa baghani; Abolfazl Rahmani Sani
Volume 30, Issue 1 , May and June 2023, , Pages 13-21
Abstract
Introduction: Population growth causes the need to produce more agricultural products. And the lack of water causes people to use unconventional waters, including treated sewage. Improper quality of wastewater can be harmful to the soil, plants and the health of consumers. Therefore, it is necessary ...
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Introduction: Population growth causes the need to produce more agricultural products. And the lack of water causes people to use unconventional waters, including treated sewage. Improper quality of wastewater can be harmful to the soil, plants and the health of consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and check their quality.Materials and Methods: In this study, the factors of EC, BOD, COD, TSS, TN, TP, PH, Ecoli, TC, CL,Ca, Mg, Na, SAR in effluent treatment plants, Sabzevar stabilization pond, activated sludge (Factory sanitary wastewater) and rural Wetland with Tested by standard methods. (according to 2017 version of the book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater) and compared with Wilcox, Ayers and Westcot, FAO, WHO, USEPA standards.To determine the competence of three different types of effluent for agricultural use.Results: In accordence with the standards of Iran, Wilcox, Ayers and Westcot, FAO and WHO, all three types of effluent can be used for irrigation with low to moderate negative impacts. However, in the more stringent standards (USEPA), stabilization pond and Wetland did not meet the BOD, TSS factors threshold, and the activated sludge effluent did not provide the BOD factor.Conclusion: According to the results, the activated sludge treatment system meets the standards of wastewater consumption in agriculture better than the other two systems. Over time, the standards will become stricter. Choosing the type and correct operation of the treatment system has a significant impact on providing the quality standards of effluent for irrigation.
Educational
Fatemeh Gholami; Nematullah Shomoossi; ABDURRASHID KHAZAEI FEIZABAD; Farahnaz Yousefi
Volume 30, Issue 1 , May and June 2023, , Pages 78-87
Abstract
Introduction: Following the announcement of Covid-19 as a pandemic. High authorities of world health systems including the Minister of Health in Iran shared their findings and achievements with public through media. The present qualitative study aimed at analyzing the news reports of the minister of ...
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Introduction: Following the announcement of Covid-19 as a pandemic. High authorities of world health systems including the Minister of Health in Iran shared their findings and achievements with public through media. The present qualitative study aimed at analyzing the news reports of the minister of Health on Covid-19 focusing on word collocation and discourse and communicative strategies.Materials and Methods: This review study was conducted on news reports released from December 11, 2019 till January 20, 2021 (end of the third rise) on Mehr News Agency. The extracted data were chronologically ordered in 316 reports (155800). Then the frequency of the related expressions was checked. The themes were extracted in following six steps using Clark and Braun Model (2013): familiarity with data, encoding, searching the themes, reviewing the themes, introducing and naming the themes, and finally rounding out and writing the final analysis.Results: The concepts were put in nine categories: clarifying the duties of the Health Ministry, assignment for people, uniting the public forces, hope creation, focusing on the ideological foundations, expressing virtual education methods, using metaphors, expressing international dimensions, and using emotional devices.Conclusion: The extracted concepts show the efforts of the Iranian Corona National Headquarters to clarify the issue, attract the public cooperation and accompaniment.
Nursing
Ezat Samadipour; Roghayeh Zardosht; fatemeh borzoee; elham Navipur; Fatemeh Ghardashi
Volume 30, Issue 1 , May and June 2023, , Pages 89-101
Abstract
Introduction: The emergent Covid-19 disease with conspicuous prevalence is putting the healthcare workers' job security at risk. The preventive behaviors in every individual have a close relationship with his/her risk perception of the risk factor. Hence the present study has been undertaken aiming at ...
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Introduction: The emergent Covid-19 disease with conspicuous prevalence is putting the healthcare workers' job security at risk. The preventive behaviors in every individual have a close relationship with his/her risk perception of the risk factor. Hence the present study has been undertaken aiming at determining the Iranian healthcare workers' risk perception of the Covid-19 disease at the beginning of the crisis and the relevant effective factorsMaterials and Methods: This anonymous online survey was conducted in summer, 2020 using available sampling method among the Iranian healthcare workers. The data was collected via online-social networks using a researcher-made questionnaire containing demographical specifications, risk perceptions, with five sub-scales including cognitive, cultural, political, social and emotional factors. Data analysis was done in spss software 16.Results: From 165 participants, the age group (20-49 years) with 84% and the females with 60% constituted the majority of participants. The average risk perception score of the healthcare workers was 66.43±8.17. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed the significant direct relationship between the risk perception score and all the sub-scales at 0.01 significance level. The political and cultural factors had the highest correlation with the personnel risk perception (r > 0.75).Conclusion: At the beginning of the crisis, Health workers did not have an excellent risk perception of the emergent Covid-19 disease. It seems that at the onset of a crisis, training is necessary to increase the risk perception of employees.
Educational
masoud sabaghi nia; mehdi rabiei; hamid sadeghi
Volume 29, Issue 4 , September and October 2022, , Pages 475-484
Abstract
Introduction: The advent of technology and mass media, including virtual social networks, has led to changes in traditional education and educational interactions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks in educational interactions ...
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Introduction: The advent of technology and mass media, including virtual social networks, has led to changes in traditional education and educational interactions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks in educational interactions and students' academic performance with the mediating role of the quality of learning experiences of students at the Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, 327 students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2020 were surveyed by stratified relative sampling. In order to collect data, questionnaires were used on the use of social networks in educational interactions in Klimshastani (2016) and the quality of learning experiences of Newman (1990), and the criterion for measuring academic performance was students' Grade point average. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and pearson correlation tests, multiple regression analysis and Sobel test.Results: The mean score of students in using social networks was in educational interactions (3.45± 0.88), learning experiences (3.65± 0.71) and academic performance (17.05± 1.42). Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship (Z= 2.41, p <0.05) between the use of virtual social networks in educational interactions with students' academic performance with the mediating role of the quality of learning experiences. The use of these networks in educational interactions has a significant positive relationship with their academic performance (r= 0.72, p<0.05). There is a significant positive relationship (r = 0.61, p <0.05) between the use of virtual social networks in educational interactions with the quality of their learning experiences and the quality of learning experiences has a significant positive relationship with students' academic performance (r= 0.587, p <0.05).Conclusion: Due to the significant relationship between research variables, it is suggested that in addition to face-to-face training, virtual education should be used to improve education.