Physiology & Pharmacology
mozhgan asghari; goudarz sadeghihashjin; aliakbar golabchifar; mohamad kazem koohi; ahad mohamadnejad; sanaz rismanchi; mohamad taheri
Volume 29, Issue 4 , September and October 2022, , Pages 502-516
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, we investigate the relationship between cancer and exposure to toxic substances in the environment. We used human encounters with them.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 60 adult male mice were divided into four groups, including control, Malathion, Malathion ...
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Introduction: In this study, we investigate the relationship between cancer and exposure to toxic substances in the environment. We used human encounters with them.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 60 adult male mice were divided into four groups, including control, Malathion, Malathion with benzene and benzene. The control group was tested only with physiological serum. Except for the benzene group, all other groups were in skin contact with Malathion for 45 days was fed. After necropsy, tissue samples were taken from the target organs. In addition, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT and micronucleus tests in vitro and the percentage of IC50 was determined. Microscopic observations of liver tissue showed hepatotoxicity and renal tissue renal toxicity in the Malathion group with benzene.Results: The percentage of frequency of micronuclei at concentrations of 100 /g / ml, 50 /g / ml, 25 /g / ml was significant in all groups compared to the control group (P <0.05). In MTT test, the percentage of cell growth inhibition at concentrations of 100 g/ml, 50 g/ml, 25 g/ml, and 10 µg/ml in all groups was significantly different from the percentage of inhibition of cell growth with the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, certain doses of Malathion alone and in combination with benzene cause cytotoxicity and pre-carcinogenicity in cytotoxicity tests. Malathion exacerbates the carcinogenic effects of benzene
Anatomy, Histologyو Embryology
ramin jahangirfard; Gholamreza Najafi; Ali Shalizar-jalali; Abbas Ahmadi; Elham Zadeh-hashem
Volume 28, Issue 3 , May and June 2021, , Pages 379-386
Abstract
Introduction: Ethephon is a hormone used to accelerate the plant growth regulator processing. Mostly, after entering to the tissues, causing disturbance in reproductive system and subsequently decreased sperm fertility potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethephon on embryonic ...
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Introduction: Ethephon is a hormone used to accelerate the plant growth regulator processing. Mostly, after entering to the tissues, causing disturbance in reproductive system and subsequently decreased sperm fertility potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethephon on embryonic morphological parameters and CatSper 2 protein localization in sperm.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 78 males and females (NMRI Strain) mice randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental groups received ethephon at doses of 120, 240 and 480 mg/kg as well as the positive-control group received neostigmine (0.1 mg/kg). After treatment, the animals were sacrificed and euthanized. Sperm samples were collected from cauda epididymis for qRT-PCR and immunohistochemically evaluation and stored at -70 ° C until examination.
Results: The results of morphological parameters showed that hatching percentage, viability, number and length of fetuses in experimental groups were lower than control group. There was also a decrease in the expression of CatSper 2 gene in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Sperm immunohistochemical results indicated that there was no localization for the CatSper 2 protein in the experimental groups versus the ones (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Ethephon by producing free radicals causes decreased embryonic morphological features. It also impairs fertility and reproduction by decreasing the expression of CatSper 2 gene and lack of protein localization in sperm.
Anatomy, Histologyو Embryology
Rahmat allah Fatahian dehkordi; Mohammad Javad Yazdanpanah; Reza Khetvan
Volume 28, Issue 2 , May and June 2021, , Pages 250-258
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to stereological evaluate of the protective effect of pancreatin on morphological changes in mice kidney after treatment with L-arginine .
Materials and Methods: To conduct research, 50 adult male rats weighing 30±2 gr were divided into 5 groups (equal). ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to stereological evaluate of the protective effect of pancreatin on morphological changes in mice kidney after treatment with L-arginine .
Materials and Methods: To conduct research, 50 adult male rats weighing 30±2 gr were divided into 5 groups (equal). In the control group, no administration was made. The pancreatitis induction groups received 2 doses of 300 and 400 mg/100 g body weight of L-arginine. To the induction groups with two different doses, therapeutic drug was prescribed 3.5 pp. of lipase-pancreatin. All treatments were received for 3 consecutive days once a day from L-arginine solution and 72 hours later, a lipase-pancreatin solution was administered to groups of pancreatitis for 20 days .
Results: The results showed that due to experimental pancreatitis, except for medulla volume, decreasing volume of renal cortex, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and glomeruli was observed in the treated groups compared to the control group. By the administration of pancreatin lipase along with L-arginine, mean volume values of factors such as mean volume of renal cortex, proximal convoluted tubules and glomeruli, have gotten closed to the control group .
Conclusion: According to a final review of the findings, lipasepancreatin solution may be partially effective in mitigating the effects of pancreatitis induced by high doses of L-arginine
Hossein Piri; Benyamin Alimohammadi; Fatemeh Saeedi; Firoozeh Naderi; Hasan Azhdari-Zarmehri
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May and June 2016, , Pages 151-160
Abstract
Background and Objectives: About half to one percent of the world population suffer from epilepsy.Seizure is the most common symptoms of epilepsy due to abnormal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain. Due to side effects of chemical drugs, herbal plants are widely used to control seizures. In ...
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Background and Objectives: About half to one percent of the world population suffer from epilepsy.Seizure is the most common symptoms of epilepsy due to abnormal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain. Due to side effects of chemical drugs, herbal plants are widely used to control seizures. In this study, Anticonvulsant activity of hydro-alcoholicextract of (Ziziphoratenuior L.) was investigated in mice. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male mice (25-30 g) were randomly selected and divided into five groups of 8, that included a control group (receiving saline and PTZ) and 4 treatment groups (receiving the extract doses of 150, 300, 600, 900 mg / kg). 30 minutes after IP administration with saline (in control group) and different doses of extract (in treatment groups), PTZ (80 mg/kg) were injectedAnd were transferred to a special cage immediately and convulsive behaviors were recorded by a camera during the 20 minutes. Then, the different phases of seizure were evaluated. Results: Extract injection in all doses by dose- dependently delayed the onset time of clonic, tonic and tonic-clonic seizures, but doses of 600 and 900 mg/kg had showed the greatest effect on onset time. The duration time of tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic seizures in animals that received extract also reduced. Extract injection also dose-dependently decreased the rate of mortality and the number of suddenly jumping during seizures, these effects in doses of 600 and 900 mg/kg was significant. Conclusion: Our study showed that, the hydro-alcoholicextract of (Ziziphoratenuior L.) had an appropriate anticonvulsant activity and it seems the future studies will be necessary to separate its ingredients and understand its mechanism of action.
Benyamin Alimohammadi; Alireza Moslem; Hassan Azhdari Zarmehri; Homan Kamranian
Volume 23, Issue 2 , March and April 2016, , Pages 204-213
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nowadays the use of herbal plants due to their low complications attracts the mind of many scientists. The aim of this study is the assessment of the Naloxone as an antagonist of opioids on seizure duration time induced by PTZ and determine the anticonvulsant mechanism of hydro ...
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Background and Objectives: Nowadays the use of herbal plants due to their low complications attracts the mind of many scientists. The aim of this study is the assessment of the Naloxone as an antagonist of opioids on seizure duration time induced by PTZ and determine the anticonvulsant mechanism of hydro alcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata Boiss. Materials & Methods: In the present study, 40 male mice were randomly divided into five groups of eight; The control group (receiving PTZ 80 mg/kg, i.p.), Two treatment groups (Scrophularia striata 600 and 900 mg/kg, i.p.) and two experimental groups (Scrophularia striata 600 and 900 mg/kg i.p plus Naloxone 5 mg/kg, i.p., 5 minutes before extract injection). With injection of PTZ, convulsive behaviors in mice during 20 minutes were recorded by camera and the various stages of seizures were evaluated. Statistical data were analyzed using with the tests of one way Variance and Tukey in SPSS 16. PResults: Statistical analysis showed that Naloxone injection with extract administration have slightly and not significantly decreased the latency time to tonic and clonic seizure in comparison with the control group. Latency time to tonic-colonic has been increased in extract only group and extract associated Naloxone group. With injection of the extract alone total seizure time has decreased but in extract associated Naloxone group this time has increased that this increasing in dose of 600 mg/kg is significant in comparison with control group (P<0.01). Data showed that extract injection lonely and associated with Naloxone have increased the duration time of tonic seizure, duration time of tonic-colonic with extract injection was increased but this time in Naloxone group has been slightly decreased. Conclusion: Our study indicated that Naloxone as an antagonist can inhibit the anticonvulsant activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata Boiss.
Mir Hadi Khayyat Nori; Seyyedeh Zahra Mosavi; Saeed Abbasi Maleki; Farid Abbasi Maleki; Ghader Najafi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January and February 2014, , Pages 408-415
Abstract
Background and Purpose: It showed that antidepressants may reduce the abuse potential of opioid. In other hand, studies showed avena sativa has antidepressant and sedative properties. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Avena sativa on morphine withdrawal signs ...
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Background and Purpose: It showed that antidepressants may reduce the abuse potential of opioid. In other hand, studies showed avena sativa has antidepressant and sedative properties. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Avena sativa on morphine withdrawal signs in male mice.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study forty male NMRI mice (20-30 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8: control groups received morphine and normal saline (10ml/kg) and other groups received ethanol (3%) and different doses of ethanolic extract of Avena sativa (50,100 and 200mg/kg).Morphine dependency was induced using a four- day schedule method with 50, 50, 75 and 50 mg/kg dosing respectively. In fourth day 2 hours after single dose of morphine, naloxone was injected (5 mg /kg) and withdrawal signs were recorded with number of jumping and diarrhea, grooming, wet dog shake, teeth chattering, writing, climbing as scores of 0 to 3 during 30min.The data were expressed with one-way ANOVA for quantities and Mann-Whitney U test for qualities data’s and they were analyzed with SPSS 15 and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: The present study findings showed that all doses of ethanolic extract of Avena sativa compared to control group, significantly and dose- dependently decrease the number of jumping in morphine dependent mice (56.12±6.46, 40.0±5.33 and 31.5±2.5 respectively)) P
Mahmud Rafieian; Mohammadreza Hojjati; Fatemeh Taji
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 258-266
Abstract
Background: Hyoscyamus niger has many different therapeutic effects, such as anti-convulsive and sedative effects. In this study, we tried to evaluate the eventual effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Hyoscyamus niger on spatial learning and memory in mice using Morris water maze task. Materials and ...
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Background: Hyoscyamus niger has many different therapeutic effects, such as anti-convulsive and sedative effects. In this study, we tried to evaluate the eventual effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Hyoscyamus niger on spatial learning and memory in mice using Morris water maze task. Materials and methods: In this study, 23 mice were randomly divided into one control group and two experimental groups. The control group received normal saline and the experimental groups received hydro-alcoholic extracts of Hyoscyamus niger (1 or 2 mg/kg, i.p.). At first, saline or extracts were injected daily (7 days) and then spatial learning was evaluated for 5 consecutive days. For evaluating short-term memory, two probe-trial experiments were performed. Finally, data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test. Results: Results obtained from day 3 and day 4 of the learning period showed a significant reduction in learning the water maze task in the experimental group (2 mg/kg) compared with the control group (p
Ghader Najafi; Saeed Abbasi Maleki; Seyyed Kamel Eftekhari
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 164-172
Abstract
Background and purpose: Dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems play a critical role in expression of morphine-induced place conditioning, while vitamin C, released from glutamatergic neurons, modulates the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate. This study investigated the effect of vitamin C on expression ...
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Background and purpose: Dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems play a critical role in expression of morphine-induced place conditioning, while vitamin C, released from glutamatergic neurons, modulates the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate. This study investigated the effect of vitamin C on expression of morphine-induced place conditioning in male mice. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 96 male NMRI mice (20-30g) were randomly divided into 12 groups of 8: control groups received normal saline (10 ml/kg) and treatment groups received morphine (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) and vitamin C (1, 5, and 30 mg/kg) alone and with morphine. The study took place on six consecutive days, consisting of three phases: preconditioning, conditioning, and postconditioning. In the first set, vitamin C alone were administered in conditioning and postconditioning phases to see if they induced conditioned place preference (CPP) or aversion (CPA). In the second set, mice received vitamin C in postconditioning phase after conditioning with morphine. Results: Different doses of morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg, p
AA VAFAEI; S HAJ RAHIM KHAN; M ZAHEDI KHORASANI; M JARAHI; ABAS ALI TAHERIAN; H MILADI GORJI; H SADEGHI
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March and April 2008, , Pages 7-13
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cuminum Cyminm (CC) is one of the plants whose aqueous extract is used in traditional medicine as anti-convulsive anti-epileptic and as a treatment for some visceral pains. However no substantial reports can be found of its effects on the peripheral pain in lab animals. Therefore ...
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Background and Purpose: Cuminum Cyminm (CC) is one of the plants whose aqueous extract is used in traditional medicine as anti-convulsive anti-epileptic and as a treatment for some visceral pains. However no substantial reports can be found of its effects on the peripheral pain in lab animals. Therefore this study was condcated to determine the effects of the IP injection of the aqueous extract of CC on the acute peripheral pain in Hot Plate (HP) and Tail Flick (TF) tests in mice.
Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 56 male Albino mice (8 groups each with 7 mice) weighing 25-30 gr. 200 and 500 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of CC or saline of the volume were injected intraperitoeally 30 minutes prior to the tests. Pain measrment criteria in the TF test was the response time to the pain by raising the tail and in the HP test the time to begin to lick the front legs or raising the rear feet.
Results: The IP injection of the CC aqueous extract with the doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg significantly increased the response time to the pain in HP and TF tests (P
AA TAHERIAN; AA VAFAEI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 192-197
Abstract
Background and purpose: One of the factors relations to anxiety is the change in endocrine hormones. Previous studies suggest that glucocorticoids might have a modulatory role in fear and anxiety. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the role of hydrocortisole in modulating the mice ...
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Background and purpose: One of the factors relations to anxiety is the change in endocrine hormones. Previous studies suggest that glucocorticoids might have a modulatory role in fear and anxiety. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the role of hydrocortisole in modulating the mice anxiety in elevated plus maze.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 70 male mice (25-30 gr). Were randomly assigned into test, sham and control groups. The test mice received different doses of hydrocortisole (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, S.C) as the agonist receptor of glucocorticoids; the sham group received the same volume of ethanol 2% plus saline, which was injected 30 minutes prior to anxiety assessment. The control group receined nothing. In order to increase the animals, activity and curiosity, they were led into a black box with checked walls for 5 minutes. Then, each animal was taken to the maze (a standard device for research purposes) at regular intervals. Evaluation indexes and anxiety reactions (frequency of entening into open armr and the time spent) were observed and recorded.
Results: the results indicated that hydrocortisole (20 and 50 mg) had significantly increased the frequency and duration of entrance into open arms, which is a sign of reducing anxiety (P