Traditional medicine
Fatemeh Kiumarsi; Ali Reza Derakhshan
Volume 29, Issue 5 , November and December 2022, , Pages 697-718
Abstract
Introduction: In Persian medicine, fumitory has been used in the treatment of many diseases, especially gastrointestinal disorders. On the other hand, among the studies that have been done on the plants of Fumaria species, the gastrointestinal and hepatic effects have been considered by researchers. ...
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Introduction: In Persian medicine, fumitory has been used in the treatment of many diseases, especially gastrointestinal disorders. On the other hand, among the studies that have been done on the plants of Fumaria species, the gastrointestinal and hepatic effects have been considered by researchers. The purpose of this study is to review the comparative therapeutic effects of fumitory in Persian medicine and modern medical studies.
Materials and Methods: First, the uses of fumitory were extracted, studied and categorized from the reference books of Persian medicine, including: Qanoon, Al-Havi, Makhzan al-Adviyah, Qarabadin Kabir, Tahfa al-Momenin, and Riyaz al-Adviyah. Then, the related articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google scholar, Magiran and SID databases. Finally, a comparative study of the applications of this plant in conventional medicine and Persian medicine was performed.
Results: This plant has been used in Persian medicine as a gastric and hepatic tonic and an opener of obstructions of the liver and spleen. Other functions include blood purifying, laxative, appetizing, and cleansing effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Today, in basic and clinical studies on plants of the genus fumaria, the hepatoprotective effect, reducing effects of liver enzymes, anti-inflammatory effect in hepatic disorders, antidiarrheal effects, reducing effect of inflammatory factors in digestive disorders, and ameliorative effect on irritable bowel syndrome have been proven.
Conclusion: According to the Persian medicine literatures and modern medicine studies, Fumaria species can have therapeutic potential in some gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders.
Physical Education
Mohammad Hoseinzadeh; Amir Rashidlamir; farida sadeghi fazel; Rambod Khajei
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 340-346
Abstract
Background and purpose:Irisin, which is released in response to physical activity, has recently been reported as the therapeutic target in metabolic disorders. The present study attempts to discover the effect of eight weeks’ resistance or endurance training on the irisin level in rats’ gastrocnemius ...
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Background and purpose:Irisin, which is released in response to physical activity, has recently been reported as the therapeutic target in metabolic disorders. The present study attempts to discover the effect of eight weeks’ resistance or endurance training on the irisin level in rats’ gastrocnemius and liver.Materials and methods:To this purpose,15 male rats were randomly assigned to three groups of 5: the resistance group, the endurance group, and the control group. For 8 weeks, the resistance group did the activities on the treadmill and the endurance group on a one-meter-long ladder with 85 steep, while the control group did not receive any training. 72 hours after their last training session, the subjects were anaesthetized and their liver and gastrocnemius were removed. A Shapiro-Wilk test was run to determine the normal distribution of data, and a one-way ANOVA and a Tukey test were applied to analyze the data(P ≥ 0.05).Results: The normal distribution having been approved via the Shapiro-Wilk test, the one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the irisin levels between the groups’ livers and gastrocnemii (P =0.001 and P -0.016, respectively). The Tukey test revealed a significant rise in the liver tissue of the resistance group and endurance group in comparison to the control group (P =0.001 and P =0.742, respectively).Conclusion:According to this study, both resistance and endurance training can help significantly increase the irisin level of both the liver and the gastrocnemius, indicating how physical activity can help in the prevention and treatment of metabolic illnesses.
Physiology & Pharmacology
mohsen dehbashi; Amir Rashidlamir
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 231-239
Abstract
Introduction:The utilization of steroid derivatives has become a major concern in the sport community; the aim of the present study was the investigation of eight weeks testosterone enanthate (TE) administrationand resistance training (RT) effects on liver enzyme profile in male rats.Materials and Methods:The ...
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Introduction:The utilization of steroid derivatives has become a major concern in the sport community; the aim of the present study was the investigation of eight weeks testosterone enanthate (TE) administrationand resistance training (RT) effects on liver enzyme profile in male rats.Materials and Methods:The thirty five rats (age: 10 weeks, weight: 12 ± 200 g) randomly was divided to five groups (n=7) including: 1) control+placebo, 2) RT + placebo, 3) TE, 4) RT + moderate dose of TE, and 5) RT + high dose of TE. The resistance training was consisted of climbing (5 reps/3 sets) a ladder carrying a load suspended from the tail for 8 weeks. At the end, whole blood samples were obtained from the orbital sinus and serum activity of liver enzymes including AST, GGT, ALT and ALP was measured by spectrophotometry.Findings:AST activity RT+HTE group was significantly higher than C, RT and TE groups. This enzyme also had marked higher activity in RT+MTE group compared with C and RT groups(P
Microbiology
maryam alsadat zarei; Mahboubeh Madani
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 151-160
Abstract
Background: Teucrium polium is a medicinal plant which species have been used for over 2000 years in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium on Candida glabrata colonization in mice tissue. Material and Method: The study was performed ...
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Background: Teucrium polium is a medicinal plant which species have been used for over 2000 years in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium on Candida glabrata colonization in mice tissue. Material and Method: The study was performed on 90 mature male mices (9 per group), that were devided into 10 groups: normal, placebo, 3 treatment group (candida- extract), control positive (Candida glabrata) and control negative (extract). Treatment groups were received 50,100 and 200 mg/kg dosages of extract for 20 days (every other day) by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of injections, homogenized liver, spleen and kidney were cultured on SDA medium and then colony count were performed. Results: The results showed, that liver in 100 mg/kg, spleen and kidney in 200mg/kg haven’t any yeast. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, Teucrium polium extract, perhaps can stimulat the immunity against Candida glabrata. Keywords: Teucrium polium, Candida glabrata, liver, spleen, kidney
Amir Rashid Lamir; Mohsen Dehbashi; Bahareh Ketabdar
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May and June 2016, , Pages 6-13
Abstract
Background & Objectives: For the past 50 years, anabolic steroids have been at the forefront of the controversy due to their various effects on athletes' performance. So the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of anabolic steroids abuse, during and after the withdrawal of the drug ...
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Background & Objectives: For the past 50 years, anabolic steroids have been at the forefront of the controversy due to their various effects on athletes' performance. So the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of anabolic steroids abuse, during and after the withdrawal of the drug usage, on liver enzymes and blood albumin of bodybuilders. Materials & Methods: The study is causative-comparative research, and 40 males (Age: 26.62±6.8 years, height: 175.89±9.2 cm, weight: 77.17±12.7) were participated in this study, who were divided into four groups of ten members: athletes are using steroids, athletes with a history of drug usage who had given away its usage at least for 2 months, athletes with a history of at least 6 months of giving away using steroid and athletes with no history of steroid use. 12-hour fasting blood samples were collected at eight o'clock in the morning, and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and a post hoc test. Results: The results of this study showed higher degradation of both enzymes (ALT, AST) in the first group as compared to the other groups (p<%5). The destruction of these two enzymes (AST, ALT) was higher in second group as compared to the third and fourth groups (p<%5). However, the destruction of the two enzymes (ALT, AST) in the third group was not significant as compared to the fourth group. (p<%5). Albumin and (ALP) levels were normal in all groups and their changes were not significant (p>%5). Conclusion: Steroid drugs have devastating effects on the liver cells. So those, even after two months of stopping drug consumption, their side effects are still apparent in athletes who had used them. But it seems that their negative effects on liver enzymes decrease over time.
Amir Heidari; Tahmineh Peirouvi; Azam Akbari; Rahim Mahmoudloo
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 232-237
Abstract
Background and purpose: In human cytochrome P450 (CYP), enzymes are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of many medicines. The greatest metabolism proportions are carried out by enzymes that are found in the liver. CYPs are located in the microsomes. For these reasons preparation of microsomes and ...
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Background and purpose: In human cytochrome P450 (CYP), enzymes are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of many medicines. The greatest metabolism proportions are carried out by enzymes that are found in the liver. CYPs are located in the microsomes. For these reasons preparation of microsomes and measurement of their protein are very important to determine the potency of liver for metabolic elimination of drugs in humans. The aim of this project was to extract microsmes and determine levels of microsomal protein in human tissue.
Methods: Eighteen biopsies of human liver were obtained with their consents from patients undergoing surgery. Liver samples were finely chopped and homogenized in the buffer. Liver homogenate was centrifuged in different steps to yield a microsomal pellet. Then content of total protein was determined according to Lowry method. Data were analyzed according to descriptive statistics method.
Results: The value of MPPGL (microsomal protein per gram of liver) ranged from14.1 to 27.2 mg per gram of liver (mean 20.24±3.77).
Conclusion: The values of MPPGL in this project were reported for the first time in Iran. The mean value of MPPGL in this project is lower than others studies. These results in this area, will aid the physicians to improve the level of safety of prescription of the medicines. Many doctors are unaware of the possible risks for patients whom have exposed by being treated with drugs.
Mahnaz Azarnia; Seyyed Homayoon Sadraee; Franak Najd; Gholamreza Kaka; Mohammad Kamalinejad
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 985-992
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Elaeagnus Angustifolia extract on mouse embryonic development of Balb/c.
Materials and Methods: Thirty pregnant mice were randomly divided into two groups. Control group consumed drinking water, and the experimental group during pregnancy ...
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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Elaeagnus Angustifolia extract on mouse embryonic development of Balb/c.
Materials and Methods: Thirty pregnant mice were randomly divided into two groups. Control group consumed drinking water, and the experimental group during pregnancy received the aqueous extract at a dose of 500 mg/ kg. Pregnant mice were killed at 18th gestation day and fetal and placental weight and length of the crown-rump of fetuses were measured and recorded. After fixation and tissue processing, liver embryos were taken out and tissue sections were prepared. After staining with hematoxylin-eosin, histomorphometry was investigated. Then obtained results were statistically analyzed.
Results: No apparent abnormality was observed in embryos. The mean of crown-rump length of fetuses in the experimental group was not shown a significantly increased than control group. The mean of fetal weight in the experimental group was significantly decreased than control group. The mean weight of the placenta in the experimental group was significantly reduced compared to control group. In a histomorphomety analysis in the embryo liver of experimental group, with regard to the mean of size percentage of sinusoids and mean number of blood cells significantly increased in experimental group compared to control group. The mean total surface that occupied by hepatocyte and Mean number of hepatocyte nuclei significantly decreased in experimental group compared to control group.
Conclusion: It seems prescribing aqueous extract of Elaeagnus Angustifolia at dose of 500 mg/kg to pregnant mice can cause developmental abnormalities in the fetus and placenta.
Mryam Salehi; Mehvash Jafari; Alireza Asgari
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1081-1089
Abstract
Background: Diazinon (DZN) is one of the most widely used organophosphates in agriculture. Vitamins C and E are antioxidants protecting cells from oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of vitamins E and C as antioxidant in reduction of DZN-induced oxidative stress ...
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Background: Diazinon (DZN) is one of the most widely used organophosphates in agriculture. Vitamins C and E are antioxidants protecting cells from oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of vitamins E and C as antioxidant in reduction of DZN-induced oxidative stress in rat liver.
Materials and Methods: In present experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including control group (corn oil as DZN solvent), DZN group (100 mg/kg), vitamin E group (150 mg/kg), vitamin C group (200 mg/kg), vitamin E+DZN group and vitamin C+DZN group which were given intraperitoneally. Animals were anesthetized by ether 24 hours after injectionand liver tissues were quickly removed. After tissues homogenization, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by biochemical methods. The data were statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc analysis using Tukey test.
Results: DZN increased SOD, CAT, LDH and GST activities and MDA level and decreased GSH content in liver. Administration of vitamins E and C inhibited the changed in these parameters.
Conclusion: Vitamins E and C as antioxidant decrease DZN-induced oxidative stress in rat liver by scavenging free radicals but they does not protect completely.