Biotechnology & nanotechnology
Fadhl Rajeh Swade; farahnaz molavi; samaneh dolatabadi
Volume 29, Issue 3 , September and October 2022, , Pages 421-434
Abstract
Introduction: At present, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria has caused many problems to control nosocomial infections due to its resistance to various antibiotics and MexAB-OprM efflux pumps play an important role in making Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to antibiotics. The aim of this study ...
Read More
Introduction: At present, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria has caused many problems to control nosocomial infections due to its resistance to various antibiotics and MexAB-OprM efflux pumps play an important role in making Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles and probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on MexA gene expression.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 49 strains were collected from 8 medical diagnostic laboratories in Mashhad during the years 1398-1399 for 8 months. Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of strains was using disk diffusion method based on CLSI protocol. After treatment of multidrug resistant bacteria with inhibitors, microdilution method and Real time-PCR technique were used to determine the effective dilution of silver nanoparticles and probiotics on the expression of MexA gene of its producing bacterium, respectively.
Results: All samples were identified and all of them were resistant to more than two antibiotics and had MexA gene. The minimum growth inhibition concentration in agar dilution method was up to 250 μg / ml for silver nanoparticles and up to 18 μg / ml for probiotics. Silver nanoparticles had a greater effect in inhibiting bacterial growth compared to probiotics and this effect is less than the combined effect of probiotics and silver nanoparticles (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Silver and probiotic nanoparticles have inhibitory and antibacterial activity to reduce the performance of MexAB-OprM efflux pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (P> 0.05).
Nursing
Fatemeh Akhlaghi Rezaei; amirreza salehmoghaddam; Fatemeh Heshmati Nabavi; Hamidreza Behnam Vashani
Volume 29, Issue 1 , May and June 2022, , Pages 166-178
Abstract
Introduction: Conflict is a phenomenon that has positive and negative effects on the performance of individuals and organizations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of implementing a conflict management program on job conflict and nurses' conflict resolution styles.Methods: This experimental-interventional ...
Read More
Introduction: Conflict is a phenomenon that has positive and negative effects on the performance of individuals and organizations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of implementing a conflict management program on job conflict and nurses' conflict resolution styles.Methods: This experimental-interventional and before-after study was performed on 60 nurses in the Kamyab Hospital of Mashhad, Iran, in 2020. A conflict management workshop was held for the intervention group for 6 hours. Then, one week after the workshop, two intra-departmental sessions were held. In both intervention and control groups, Dubrin Job Conflict Questionnaires and Thomas-Kilman conflict mode instrument were completed at the beginning, fifteen days, and one month after the end of the inpatient sessions. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.Results: Fifteen days and one month after the intervention, the mean score of job conflict in the intervention group significantly decreased compared to the control group and before the intervention (p = 0.003, p = 0.008, and p<0.001, respectively). Implementing a conflict management program increased the tendency to use a collaborative style compared to the control group (p = 0.02). Tendency to this style in the intervention group increased fifteen days and one month after the workshop compared to before the course (p <0.001).Conclusion: Findings showed that the implementation of conflict management programs for nurses leads to a reduction in job conflicts among them. Further studies are suggested to explain the role of conflict management program implementation in the functioning of the health system.
Health Education
Teamer Aghamolaei; Sayed Hossein Davoodi; Ali Safari Moradabadi; Sakineh Dadipoor
Volume 26, Issue 6 , March and April 2020, , Pages 695-707
Abstract
Background and purpose of the study: Nowadays, quality of life is largely associated with social capital and its components such as groups and networks, trust and solidarity, collective action and social cohesion, the present research was conducted to investigate the Relationship of social capital and ...
Read More
Background and purpose of the study: Nowadays, quality of life is largely associated with social capital and its components such as groups and networks, trust and solidarity, collective action and social cohesion, the present research was conducted to investigate the Relationship of social capital and quality of life in the Iranian population. Materials and methods: The following databases were searched in both English and Persian languages: PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, SID, Iran medex, Magiran, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO and Scopus. Search terms included: social capital, quality of life, Iran. Articles were included if the published between 2010 and 2017 .An investigation of 209 articles initially led to the selection of 20 articles which met the inclusion criteria. Findings: The sample size ranged from 140 to 20,670. In rural communities, cooperation, integration and social participation had the highest impact on the quality of life. Among university students, social relations showed to significant and positive relation with quality of life. Among the elderly, integration and unity showed to be strongly correlated whereas social trust showed a weak correlation with the quality of life. Conclusion: Social capital is a good predictor of the quality of life in different social classes. Paving the way for the growth of group work in voluntary forums, expansion of interpersonal relations, establishment of public and private organizations, more participation of people and expanding the culture of trust among people can promote the quality of life and social capital.
Epidemiology and Statistics
Amin Ataey; Elnaz Jafarvand
Volume 25, Issue 6 , November and December 2018, , Pages 773-780
Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: Annually, about 1.5 million deaths occur due to tuberculosis in the world. The tenth grade is the global burden of diseases and it is expected to maintain its rank by 2020. On the other hand, information about the death and its causes are essential for assessing the health status ...
Read More
ABSTRACTBackground: Annually, about 1.5 million deaths occur due to tuberculosis in the world. The tenth grade is the global burden of diseases and it is expected to maintain its rank by 2020. On the other hand, information about the death and its causes are essential for assessing the health status of the region and analyzing health plans and interventions.Materials and Methods: In this study, data from deaths in Iran from 2006 to 2010 published by the Ministry of Health was used. Death data from tuberculosis during the study period and mortality rates were determined based on age, sex, and residence, and the trend of mortality from tuberculosis was determined. Data analysis was performed using Excel 2016 software.Results: In total five years, 60.7% of deaths were related to males and 39.3% were females. The highest mortality rate was due to pulmonary tuberculosis with 87.7%. Also, death from tuberculosis in urban areas is more than rural areas. In terms of age, the highest number of deaths is in the age group above70 years.Discussion: The results of this study showed that the trend of death due to tuberculosis is decreasing, but this process is very slow. In order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, basic measures such as education, disease screening, early treatment should be taken into consideration.
Epidemiology and Statistics
Ammar Salehisahlabadi; hossein jadid
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 487-494
Abstract
Background and objective:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease which is created by the accumulation of fat in the liver. Several studies have reported the prevalence of fatty liver in Iran, with different results. Our goal is to estimate the Overall prevalence ...
Read More
Background and objective:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease which is created by the accumulation of fat in the liver. Several studies have reported the prevalence of fatty liver in Iran, with different results. Our goal is to estimate the Overall prevalence of fatty liver in Iranian children and adolescents.Materials and methods:We searched the national and international databases (PubMed ,Science Direct ,Scopus ,Web of Science),) Magiran,Iran Medex , and Scientific Information Database) With keyword " prevalence ", "Nonalcoholic fatty liver", "fatty liver", "children", "adolescents" and "Iran" from the years 1998-2017. The variance of each study was calculated by the binomial distribution formula. We used a random effect model to combine the prevalence rates reported in the studies. The STATA software (version 12) was used to analyze the data.Results: Eight studies were identified with of a total of 6118 subjects. The pooled prevalence of NAFLD in both population (male and female) was 27.88% (95%CI: 18.7% to 37.02%) .In both populations there was marked heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99.3%). There was evidence that prevalence was generally higher in males compared with females .Conclusion:Our review suggests the prevalence of NAFLD in children and adolescent is high, particularly in those who are obese and in males.
genetics
Sonia Faridi; Narges Zeinal zadeh
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 259-269
Abstract
Background and objective: Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death among Iranian women. Human RAD51 protein, play a central role in homologous recombination repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and is essential for maintaining genomic stability. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5′-untranslated ...
Read More
Background and objective: Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death among Iranian women. Human RAD51 protein, play a central role in homologous recombination repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and is essential for maintaining genomic stability. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5′-untranslated region of RAD51 gene (RAD51 135G˃C) is reported to modulate breast cancer risk. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of this SNP with breast cancer risk among Iranian Azeri Turkish women.Materials and methods: This case-control study was performed on 127 breast cancer cases and 125 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted and the RAD51 135G > C genotype was determined using a PCR–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) based assay and confirmed by sequencing. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: The frequencies of CC, CG and GG genotypes of RAD51 135G˃C were 1.613%, 20.161% and 78.225% in control group and 2.362%, 24.409% and 73.228% in patients, respectively. The results showed no significant differences among patients and controls groups.Conclusion: The data presented here may suggest that the RAD51 135G > C polymorphism is not associated with breast cancer risk in Iranian Azeri population.
sara aghababa
Volume 24, Issue 6 , March and April 2018, , Pages 19-28
Abstract
Abstract Background: Research priorities in different disciplines are considered by scholars in recent years. The objective of this study is to illustrate a comprehensive image of research priorities papers in health care of Iran to policymaking in the future. Methods: the review involved relevant keywords ...
Read More
Abstract Background: Research priorities in different disciplines are considered by scholars in recent years. The objective of this study is to illustrate a comprehensive image of research priorities papers in health care of Iran to policymaking in the future. Methods: the review involved relevant keywords searches of electronic databases, including Magiran and Scientific Information Database in Persian. After inclusion and exclusion criteria without time boundary, the extracted documents were analyzed analytically. Results: twenty-one articles were included in the analysis since 2002. These documents summarized, categorized, reported and analyzed broadly by trend. Conclusion: Considering to the span disciplines of healthcare, we expected more published articles. The analysis indicates that policymakers could focus on research priorities. In this regrard, an integrated action is needed to response the needs and ambiguities. This leads to creative design of applied research and creation of knowledge. accordingly, the research management of the country, Deputy of Research and Technology in Ministry of Health and Medical Education and Deputy of Research and Technology in medical faculties across the country along with the cooperation of all stakeholders in setting priorities. This is the line with direction and support of thesis, dissertations and research project in health care industry.
Nahid Jesri; Abedin Saghafipour; Fatemeh Rezaei; Moharram Karami Jooshin
Volume 23, Issue 3 , July and August 2016, , Pages 496-503
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the geographical distribution of smoking which is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disorders in Iran. In this regard, mapping of cigarette smoking was designed and implemented using Geographic Information ...
Read More
Background This study aimed to assess the geographical distribution of smoking which is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disorders in Iran. In this regard, mapping of cigarette smoking was designed and implemented using Geographic Information System.Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Initially, the national data from risk factors for non-communicable diseases screening program were collected from the Iranian Non-communicable Disease Control Center. Then, the incidence of cigarette smoking in each province was calculated. These data have been prepared by the Health Ministry. In the next step, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, these data were arranged in a geo-referenced database in the ArcGIS software. The map of distribution of cigarette smoking was drawn by ArcGIS version 9.3.Results The incidence of cigarette smoking in Iran has been estimated as 10.82%. More than 20% of Iranian men currently smoke tobacco on a daily basis and this percentage among Iranian women is 1.02%. The average start age of smoking is at the age of 20.13 years. The average smoking years was 13.82 years. Cigarette smoking in many provinces, such as Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil, as well as Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, were higher than the national average. Conclusion People in the provinces of Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil, as well as Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, are more exposed to the danger of cigarette smoking than the people in the other provinces.
Mehdi Ranjbaran; Mina Chizari; Pegah Matori Pour
Volume 22, Special Issue , March and April 2016, , Pages 1117-1125
Abstract
Background: Sexual dysfunction in women is common and is one of the factors of divorce and disintegration in families. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in Iran using a descriptive meta-analysis study. Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis study, ...
Read More
Background: Sexual dysfunction in women is common and is one of the factors of divorce and disintegration in families. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in Iran using a descriptive meta-analysis study. Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis study, the databases of ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and interior databases were searched during 2001 to 2015. Between the studies with regard to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were selected. Heterogeneity assessed by Cochran’s Q statistic and I2 index. Cause of heterogeneity was evaluated using meta-regression model. Results: Total samples size in the 11 studies were 8248. Cochran’s Q statistic and I2 index revealed observable heterogeneity between studies (Q=552.70, P-value 2= 98.4). Overall prevalence of female sexual dysfunction based on the random effect model (Inverse Variance Method) was obtained 43.9% (95% CI: 35.0 – 52.8). Prevalence of desire, arousal, lubricating, orgasmic, satisfaction and pain disorders were 42.7 % (32.0-53.4), 38.5% (27.6-49.5), 30.6% (22.0-39.2), 29.2% (24.1-34.3), 21.6% (11.5-31.8) and 40.1% (31.8-48.3), respectively. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed a comprehensive view about female sexual function in Iran. However, compared with other developing countries, Iran has a favorable situation. Considering the high prevalence of female sexual dysfunction, more epidemiological research for detection of affecting factors, intervention and preventive actions seem essential.
Mehran Sohrabzadeh; Mohsen Niazi; Rostam Mennati; Aziz Kasani; Walieh Mennati
Volume 22, Special Issue , March and April 2016, , Pages 1170-1179
Abstract
Background: The use of industrial drug such as methamphetamine ,reported asan important health problemin students and adolescents in around the world. It was regarded as a concerning event in the students by World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, the aim of present study was determining prevalence ...
Read More
Background: The use of industrial drug such as methamphetamine ,reported asan important health problemin students and adolescents in around the world. It was regarded as a concerning event in the students by World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, the aim of present study was determining prevalence of methamphetamine in the Iranian male student using a meta-analysis study. Material and Methods: the present meta-analysis was conducted using random effect model. For the selecting studies on the prevalence of methamphetamine were searched in SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, Medlib, Pubmed, ISIand Scopus databases by three researchers from 2001 to2014. Then, were identified 69articles and after reviewing based on inclusion and exclusion criteria wereincluded10 articles in the study and was used from the random-effects model by CMA-2 software for analyzing data. Also, the heterogeneity was determined to Q,Ƭ2 and I2 coefficients. Results:The pooled effect size (prevalence)was obtained around 1.2% (CI 95%: 0.8-1.6). Also, in the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of amphetamine was attained 1.6% and 0.9%after and before 2010, respectively. Moreover, the indices related to heterogeneity were including; Q=6.38, I2=0.31 and T2=0.16. In addition, there was a significant association between age and the prevalence of methamphetamine (B=1.13, p=0.01) in the meta-regression analysis. Discussion: Although, the prevalence of methamphetamine was less than other drugs in the male students. But, the increasing prevalence of methamphetamine in the Iranian students, especially in male students, is as a serious warning to the authorities and families.
Hossein Rafimanesh; Mahshid Ghoncheh; Hamid Salehinia; Abdollah Mohammadian Hafashjani
Volume 23, Issue 2 , March and April 2016, , Pages 320-327
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. This type of cancer is the second leading cause of death and is of the highest prevalence in men. Therefore, having a general picture of the characteristics and changes of the cancer epidemiology is essential for ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. This type of cancer is the second leading cause of death and is of the highest prevalence in men. Therefore, having a general picture of the characteristics and changes of the cancer epidemiology is essential for this type of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of prostate cancer and its incidence trends in Iran. Methods: This cross - sectional study conducted on date extracted from cancer registry system in Iran during 2003 to 2009. After separation of the data for prostate cancer, number of cases, incidence, and standardized incidence were studied, and the epidemiological characteristics of the disease during the studied period were presented. Results: Incidence of prostate cancer in Iran has an increasing trend, so that the number of cases recorded in 2003 and 2009 are 1548 and 3856 cases, respectively. The lowest age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) observed in 2003 whit 5.4 and the highest ASR observed in 2009 whit 12. Among provinces, Tehran has the highest cases of prostate cancer and Sistan and Baluchistan province has the lowest cases. The highest incidence rate reported in the age group above 50 years. Conclusion: Prostate cancer is a disease of older men that its incidence is increasing in Iran. Due to the changing in lifestyle of the people and the aging of the population, planning to conduct epidemiological and etiological studies about this cancer and early detection of disease by using screening test seems necessary.
Mohammad Khandan; Alireza Koohpaei
Volume 22, Issue 6 , January and February 2016, , Pages 972-981
Abstract
Background: Occupational accident in ports with enormous transports and handling materials is probable, although preventable. Scientific documents have been reported a direct and strong relation between human personality, psychological factors, safety perceptions and accidents in industries and organizations. ...
Read More
Background: Occupational accident in ports with enormous transports and handling materials is probable, although preventable. Scientific documents have been reported a direct and strong relation between human personality, psychological factors, safety perceptions and accidents in industries and organizations. Present study (2014) has been designed in a port was located in the south of Iran to assess job burnout and safety climate components which are effective on occupational accidents.
Materials and methods: All workers of an active company (n=60) in an Iranian south ports were included in the present cross-sectional study. Job burnout and safety climate were assessed by Maslach and Vinodkumar questionnaires, respectively. In addition, Demographic data and occupational accidents were survived applying a self-reporting questionnaire. Data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA, using SPSS V20.
Results: The age was 31.58±5.71 and also, work experience was 7.75±4.78 years. Regard to outcomes of analysis, job burnout score was calculated as 76.17±8.9 and safety climate was determined equals to 188.7±23.07. There were significant differences (p<0.05) associated with job burnout and safety climate (r=- 0.44). Also, a significant relationship were between job burnout, safety climate and their components with reported accidents (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate a relation between job burnout, safety climate and occupational accident. Therefore, it is important to prevent and manage burnout through some specific actions like occupational software and hardware redesign approaches. Applying an Integrating macroergonomics and safety climate model in a socio-technical system framework for safety climate improvement was recommended to manage workplace condition and accident prevention.
Malek Abazeri; Reza Abazari; Ghodratollah Roshanaee; Mahdia Gholam Nejad; Yosef Roosta; Hossein Mahjob
Volume 22, Issue 4 , September and October 2015, , Pages 549-566
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Lung cancer due to low chance of survival is the most important and the most common fatal cancer and has the highest mortality rates compared to breast and prostate cancer and other multiple cancers. The purpose of this study is to analyze survival data of patients having ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: Lung cancer due to low chance of survival is the most important and the most common fatal cancer and has the highest mortality rates compared to breast and prostate cancer and other multiple cancers. The purpose of this study is to analyze survival data of patients having lung cancer in the province of West Azerbaijan. Materials & Methods: The information of this study is relevant to 355 patients refered to hospitals exiting in West Azerbaijan province between 1386-93. The situation of the patients was followed up until the end of the Khordad 1393. The data are compromized from Histopathologic and demographic information. For analyzing the data and classifying the patients, the model of decision tree was used. All analysis and synthesis were performed using the software of R. Results: The mean and the median time of survival for 355 patients having lung cancer were estimated 13 and 4.8 months, respectively. The probable of 1-year surviving was about 39% and only 7% of patients had experienced 3-year survival. The model of decision tree of state therapy variables, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), smoking status, age of diagnosis and tumor stage were identified as important variables. Conclusion: The model of classification tree can identify the important and effective risk factors on the survival of the patients and identifying these factors in the cancer patients can prevent progression of the disease and increase survival time of patients.
Fatemeh Kohi; Hamid Salehinia; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani
Volume 22, Issue 4 , September and October 2015, , Pages 630-638
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death and disability worldwide and is known as one of the major threats to human health. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the changes in mortality from cardiovascular disease in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death and disability worldwide and is known as one of the major threats to human health. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the changes in mortality from cardiovascular disease in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done using analysis of data published in the mortality profile in Iran (29 Provinces) over the years 2006 to 2010. The trend of mortality due to cardiovascular disease in both sexes was drawn during the period of the study according to age groups in the 2010 and their frequency distributions. The WinPepi software was used for data analyses. Results: Evaluation of the mortality profile in Iran (29 Provinces) over the Years 2006 to 2010 is shown that, during these years, the number of deaths from all causes in the country was 1,172,278, which 46.04 percent of them (539,679 cases) were due to cardiovascular disease. Also, according to the data on the mortality from cardiovascular disease, a decreasing trend was observed in the country during 2006 to 2008, while an increasing trend was observed the years 2009 to 2010. Highest number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease was reported in 2006, 115,985 cases, while least number was reported in 2008, 104,126 cases. Conclusion: Because the risk of death from cardiovascular disease increases with ageing, medical interventions for the prevention of cardiovascular disease risk factors in childhood and adolescence and, also, in-time treatment of the patients can be used for preventing from mortality resulted from these disease.
Mostafa EnayatRad; Hamid Salehinia
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 27-35
Abstract
Background and purpose: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer and first leading cause of death among women. Since having knowledge about breast cancer incidence trends over time is essential for health planning, this study was aimed at investigating variation in the incidence of breast cancer.
Materials ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer and first leading cause of death among women. Since having knowledge about breast cancer incidence trends over time is essential for health planning, this study was aimed at investigating variation in the incidence of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: This study is a reanalysis of existing data published by cancer registry system of Iran during 2003 to 2009. The reported incidence of WHO standards are based on the direct method.
Results: According to registry statistics between 2003 and 2009 breast cancer incidence among women has increased as 3946 and 8424 cases were recorded in years 2003 and 8424 respectively. . Over mentioned years the number of breast cancer cases recorded in the country was 45122, in which 43922 cases have occurred among women. The Highest ASR was reported about 33/21 in year 2008 and the lowest was reported about 15/96 in year 2003 (cases per hundred thousand people) ,The highest and lowest recorded incidence rates appertain to Tehran and Kohkiloye and Boyer Ahmad. Cancer registry statistics during 2003 to 2009 indicate that cancer incidence peak age is around 50-55 years or more.
Conclusions: Breast cancer incidence rate has been increasing in recent years, as the most common malignancy among women in Iran. The incidence of the disease is rising considerably in the country, especially in the central and Northern provinces; therefore, planning for early detection of cancer in high-risk areas would be useful.
Khaled Rahmani; Korosh Halakoee Naeini; Ghobad Moradi
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1035-1044
Abstract
Background and Objective: One of the most important steps in providing services is to identify and prioritize community health problems. This study was designed and implemented to identify and prioritize problems and, also, to determine the factors related to the problem with the highest level of priority ...
Read More
Background and Objective: One of the most important steps in providing services is to identify and prioritize community health problems. This study was designed and implemented to identify and prioritize problems and, also, to determine the factors related to the problem with the highest level of priority in Divandarh district, Kurdistan province.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed based on the North Carolina’s Community Health Assessment model which includes 8 steps. According to this model, the study was conducted in two phases. First, in steps 1 to 7, qualitative and quantitative methods were used to assess the community and to indentify the existing problems. In the second phase, i.e. in Step 8, a cross-sectional study was designed to determine the size of the major problem and its effective factors.
Results: Overall, 10 main problems were found in the first phase. After prioritization, unintended pregnancy was determined as the problem with the highest priority. Based on the results of the next phase, the prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 33%. This study found statistically significant relationships between unintended pregnancy and variables such as education level of spouses, residence, age, number of children, number of previous abortions and spouse's job.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, intervention programs such as training women and proper counseling are necessary to prevent unintended pregnancies. Also, as part of the health team’ tasks, community assessment should be carried out in the health system with an appropriate methodology.
Fatemeh Tabtabee; Fatemeh Maleki; Zahra Abareh Dory Tafreshi; Narges Shahmohammadi; Majid Pirestani
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 885-893
Abstract
Background and purpose:Microsporidia infections occurvirtually in all in vertebrate and vertebrate hosts,in cluding humans. The this study is aimed atcomparison of distribution of microsporidiosis in various samples of Iranian immunocompromised patients and healthy individuals by molecular methods. ...
Read More
Background and purpose:Microsporidia infections occurvirtually in all in vertebrate and vertebrate hosts,in cluding humans. The this study is aimed atcomparison of distribution of microsporidiosis in various samples of Iranian immunocompromised patients and healthy individuals by molecular methods.
Materials and Methods: Inthiscase - control study, 258stool, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and urine sampleswere obtained fromimmunocompromisedpatients (bone marrowtransplant, kidney transplant and respiratory complications) referred to Masih Daneshvari and Shariati Hospitalduring 2010-2011.
After recording clinical data, DNA extraction was performed on all samples. To identifyhuman related microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon spp. And Enterocytozoon spp.), polymerase chain reactionwas performedusingspecific primers andmultiplex-PCR on allsamples.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of microsporidiosis in immunocompromised patients were 4.3 and 3.9 percent in cases and control group, respectively.Incidence of microsporidiosis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (5 isolates from 70 samples) was 7.1%, in patients with respiratory complications (4 isolates from 150 samples) 2.7 percent and patients undergoing renal transplantation (2 isolates from 38 samples) 5.3 percent. In the case group, most cases of infection occurred among men at the age of40-60 years. In bronchoalveolar lavage samples 3 isolates of Encephalitozoon (2%) and one isolate of Entrocytozoon (0.7%), were identified, respectively. In cancer patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation 4 isolates of Encephalitozoon (5.7%), 1 isolate of Enterocytozoon (1.4%) and in patients with renal transplants 2 isolates of Enterocytozoon (5.3%)were detected. 4 isolates of Enterocytozoon (2.2%) and 3 isolates of Encephalitozoon (1.7%) were identified in the control group that most infections occurred among menat the age of30-45years.
Conclusion:The most cases of human microsporidiosis are associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection or other states of immunosuppression, particularly in organ transplant recipients; The obtained results confirm this claim.
Mehdi Asadi; Morteza Safdari; Narges Paydari Shayesteh
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March and April 2013, , Pages 117-121
Abstract
This is a descriptive-analytic study which was carried out on 45 samples of influent water to dialysis machines in hospitals of Qom.Then results comparised with related standards.The results showed that means of anions in this study were below AAMI and EPH standards. It should also be mentioned that ...
Read More
This is a descriptive-analytic study which was carried out on 45 samples of influent water to dialysis machines in hospitals of Qom.Then results comparised with related standards.The results showed that means of anions in this study were below AAMI and EPH standards. It should also be mentioned that in few samples, these amounts were above the standard levels. Then it should be analysed influent water to dialysis machine continually.
Hamid Alami; Ahmad Dovlatabadi; Yaser Tabaraee; Alireza Qorbani; MohammadReza Shegerfnakhee
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 364-370
Abstract
Background: family medicine is a global effort to improve quality, cost-effectiveness and equity in health care systems. Family medicine is bound to maintain and promote family and community health. Increase people satisfaction of family medicine plan is from these goals. This study aimed to determine ...
Read More
Background: family medicine is a global effort to improve quality, cost-effectiveness and equity in health care systems. Family medicine is bound to maintain and promote family and community health. Increase people satisfaction of family medicine plan is from these goals. This study aimed to determine the satisfaction of family medicine in insured people has done in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Data were collected by two-part questionnaire that measures satisfaction in 8 scope and 1250 samples selected randomly in each class. Also analyze it by SPSS 17 and using independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Results: 1199 questionnaire was analyzed.69/4% of samples were housewives. Also 72/1% of them were female, 85/3% married, 86/4% rural residents and 90/9% of them received services from public centers. In surveyed scopes, the highest and lowest level of satisfaction observed in payment costs and trust and belief to family medicine performance respectively. Relationship between sex, age, job and marital status whit satisfaction rate was no significant. Also relationship between residence, education level and type of center whit satisfaction rate of family medicine was significant statistically. Conclusion: Results show that higher education level, receiving services from urban and private centers lead to more satisfaction for clients.
Ahmad Delbari; Reza Salman-Roghani; Seyyed Shahabeddin Tabatabae
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 96-108
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most common neurologic disorders with the highest mortality, morbidity, and loss of activity. Its crude annual incidence rate in Iran is 113-149 per 100,000 population. Due to the relatively young population of our country and their aging in the near future, the stroke incidence ...
Read More
Stroke is one of the most common neurologic disorders with the highest mortality, morbidity, and loss of activity. Its crude annual incidence rate in Iran is 113-149 per 100,000 population. Due to the relatively young population of our country and their aging in the near future, the stroke incidence will rise significantly. Despite prominent advances in neuroscience and the existence of some effective medications for controlling stroke in the hyperacute phase, one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for these patients is rehabilitation. In this review, we try to outline the principles of stroke rehabilitation, new advances, our experiences, opportunities, and obstacles in Iran, hoping to improve the level of knowledge and quality of care for one of the most demanding and disabled segments of the population.
MB ARDESHIR LARIJANI; R MALEKZADEH; V HAGHPANAH; B SOLEYMANPOUR; R HESHMAT; SM TAVANGAR
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January and February 2007, , Pages 190-195
Abstract
Background and Purpose: This study was intended to record the number of endocrine cancer in four provinces of Iran.
Methods and Materials: Patients in each province were classified according to their age, gender, sex, and tumor characteristics (site, morphology and behavior). The obtained data were ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: This study was intended to record the number of endocrine cancer in four provinces of Iran.
Methods and Materials: Patients in each province were classified according to their age, gender, sex, and tumor characteristics (site, morphology and behavior). The obtained data were coded according to ICD-O. High- risk age was calculated for each province and the results presented as incidence rates by sex, age, age- specific rates and ASR per 100,000 person – years using standard statistical methods to the world population.
Results: Out of 319 cases of primary endocrine cancers found and recorded, 313 cases were thyroid carcinoma and 6 cases were adrensal cancers. In thyroid carcinoma group, the share of Papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic carcinomas accounted for 82.7%, 8.6%, 7.0% and 1.6% respectively. Also, the ASR of thyroid carcinoma for total, male and female cases were 1.289, 0.627 and 1.59 respectively. The highest incidence rate of the thyroid carcinoma was found in Kerman with the ASR of 1.643 for both genders and the lowest rate in Golestan with the ASR of 0.735. Mean age of patients was 43.9 years (SD=15.90) and their age ranged from 3 to 8 years. This figure for males was 45.21 (± 17.13) and for females 43.49 (±15.51) (P= 0.41). Also, the female - male ratio was 3.1 to 1. In adrenal cases (n=6), 4 cases (66.7%) had neuroblastoma and 2 cases were pheochromocytoma (33.3%). The mean diagnosis age was 16.17 (± 7.05) years for the whole population of cases; 13.00 (±3.46) years for males and 19.33 (±9.07) for females (P=0.32)
Conclusion: Iran was considered as an endemic iodine-deficient region until fairly recently. However, iodinization of salt started 12 years ago and since then, this increase has caused an increase in the incidence of papillary cancer, compared to other thyroid carcinomas; its frequency and distribution closely correspond to the observed profile in areas with high iodine consumption.
A MOHAMMADZADEH; M HORI
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January and February 2006, , Pages 48-52
Abstract
Background and purpose: Syndrom of Ellis-Van-Creveld is a tetrad of chondrodysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, polyductyly, and congenital heart disease, of which chondrodysthrophy of the tubular bones is the most common feature, while central nervous system (CNS) and urinary tract anomalies are some of ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Syndrom of Ellis-Van-Creveld is a tetrad of chondrodysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, polyductyly, and congenital heart disease, of which chondrodysthrophy of the tubular bones is the most common feature, while central nervous system (CNS) and urinary tract anomalies are some of its rarer associations. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical presentation of this rare autosomal recessive syndrome.
Case report: Five cases reffered to Imam Reza hospital in Mashad for two years from 2002 to 2003. They were Iranian originally. First two cases, and 4 and 5, were sisters who presented all four classic features of EVC. Case 3 presented two features of this syndrome. The yougest was newborn and the oldest one was 11.5 years old.
Conclusion: We observed five cases of this syndrom during two years. This syndrome has no treatment. Respecting relative marriage culture between iranians, it is important for prevention of this syndrome by avioding kingsman marriage.