Ali Shmasi zadeh; GholamHossein Hasanshahi; Ali Rohbakhsh; Fatemeh Ayobi; Mahshid Tahmtan
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, Pages 310-324
Abstract
Background: Transient global cerebral ischemia, which leads to the extensive neuronal damage in the brain, results in a deficit in learning and memory. We designed the present study to investigate the effect of exercise preconditioning on learning and spatial memory following transient cerebral ischemia ...
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Background: Transient global cerebral ischemia, which leads to the extensive neuronal damage in the brain, results in a deficit in learning and memory. We designed the present study to investigate the effect of exercise preconditioning on learning and spatial memory following transient cerebral ischemia in rat. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 male wistar rats weighing 250-300g were randomly allocated into different groups. Exercise was done by treadmill and for inducing cerebral ischemia both common carotid arteries were occluded for 10 minutes. Memory was evaluated by use of a step-through passive avoidance task. Sensory motor deficites was assesed by adhesive removal test and for evaluating slip ratio we used ledge beam walking test. Reslults: One week after transient cerebral ischemia, response latency decreased in passive avoidance test. Also touch time, remove time and slip ratio were increased in these animals. Exercise preconditioning improved the measured indices in ischemic rats. Conclusion: Exercise preconditioning improved deficites in learning and memory and also sensory motor function following transient cerebral ischemia.
Mohammad Seyyedahmadi; Akbar Pejhan; Fattah Moradi; Soran Aminiaghaddam
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, Pages 325-335
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin is the one of adipocytokines, which may be a marker for coronary artery disease and appears to have protective metabolic and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to survey relationships between serum adiponectin levels with insulin resistance, blood pressure, ...
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Background: Adiponectin is the one of adipocytokines, which may be a marker for coronary artery disease and appears to have protective metabolic and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to survey relationships between serum adiponectin levels with insulin resistance, blood pressure, and cardio-respiratory function in sedentary men. Methods and Materials: In semi-experimental study, forty five young men, without experience of regular physical activity during six months ago, were selected. After 12 h fasting (at 8 A.M.), blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of adiponectin, insulin, and glucose. Cardio-respiratory function of subjects was estimated using Balke's treadmill protocol and their blood pressures were measured by sphygmomanometer. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software and the relationships were calculated by Pearson’s correlation analysis. P value of less than 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Results: Adiponectin levels were negatively correlated to body mass index (r = –0.41, p < 0.002), insulin (r = –0.45, p < 0.009), glucose (r = –0.27, p < 0.007), and HOMA index (r = –0.40, p < 0.002), while positively correlated to maximal oxygen uptake (r = 0.31, p < 0.006). No significant correlations were observed between adiponectin levels and systolic (r = –0.13, p < 0.097) and diastolic blood pressure (r = –0.09, p < 0.117). Conclusions: It appears that in sedentary men, who have lower cardio-respiratory fitness, lower adiponectin levels may be associated with disorder in glycemic, and this promotes probability of diabetes type II and cardiovascular diseases in these subjects. Also, serum concentrations of adiponectin are directly correlated with cardio-respiratory function, but it appears that there is no correlation between adiponectin levels and blood pressure.
Ali Kheradmand; Akbar Ranjbarzade; Kazem hassanpour; Fatemeh Bidi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, Pages 336-344
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is the most widely and important patient that derived from body metabolism disorders. Health education and modification and behavioral methods are more effective and economic way to prevent and control the diabetes. So, the aim of present research is study of the effect of changing ...
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Background: Diabetes is the most widely and important patient that derived from body metabolism disorders. Health education and modification and behavioral methods are more effective and economic way to prevent and control the diabetes. So, the aim of present research is study of the effect of changing behavior on knowledge, attitudes, self-care, quality of life, and lifestyle of type II diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Research method was experimental that carried out using the pretest–posttest plan and a control group. From patients with type II diabetes who referenced to Bojnord health center selected forty patients that fitted to identified criteria and assigned to 2 group of experiment (20 patients) and control (20 patients). Five-section questionnaire was implemented to determine the demographic information and to measure knowledge (from Ghanzanfari and reliability 0.84), attitude (from Ghanzanfari and reliability 0.81), self-care (from Ghanzanfari and reliability 0.91) and quality of life (SF-20 and reliability 0.79). These tools conducted in 2 stages. Validity of questionnaires has approved through experts. Educational program based on modification of habits and nutrition method conducted in 5 session 30 minutes. Data analyzed through SPSS 18. Results: The mean age of people was 52.17±7.58. The results showed that intervention of education had no significant effect on the knowledge of the people under study (p=0.083). However, on the variables of attitudes toward the illness (p=0.001), self-care (p=0.001) and quality of life (p=0.001), intervention of changing behavior had a significant effect. Conclusion: Implementing health care and changing inappropriate behaviors, type II diabetic patients would be able to change their attitude toward life and lifestyle. Such cares would be better to be continuous and the clinical and psychological methods to be applied in addition to the pharmaceutical ones.
Behzad Baradaran; Behroz Baghaee; Bakhtiyar Tartibiyan
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, Pages 345-353
Abstract
Background: The prior research was indicate relationship between inflammatory enzyme and total antioxidant status, and how effect of gender on this relation have been inconsistencies, so aim of this research evaluate the effect of gender differences on relationship between total antioxidant status and ...
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Background: The prior research was indicate relationship between inflammatory enzyme and total antioxidant status, and how effect of gender on this relation have been inconsistencies, so aim of this research evaluate the effect of gender differences on relationship between total antioxidant status and inflammatory enzyme fallowing to intensive aerobic exercise in young athletes individual. Materials and Method: this research was a semi-experimental method with repeated measures and athletic individual made of statistical population, from among the statistical population, 15 volunteer girls and 15 volunteer boys of urmia city participated in the research after having expressed their consent through a consent form. The subject performed intensive aerobic exercise test (speed: 12 km/h, gradient: 5%, time: 20 minute) and blood sample was collected in three stage, before, immediately and 3 h after the exercise (recovery) for measurement of Total antioxidant status (TAS), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehidrogenase (LDH) levels, then blood sample was analyze by eutoanalizor. Research's data was analyzed by SPSS 18, Excel 2010 and statically methods such as Bonfreoni, Regression and Mann-Whitney in the significantly of P
Gholamhossein Vaezi; Hamid Kalalianmoghaddam; Mahnaz Mesripoor Alavigeh
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, Pages 354-363
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has shown that diabetes induced cognitive dysfunction and impairs learning and memory. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, and has multiple pharmacological effects , including anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity could improve learning and spatial memory impairment ...
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Background: Increasing evidence has shown that diabetes induced cognitive dysfunction and impairs learning and memory. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, and has multiple pharmacological effects , including anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity could improve learning and spatial memory impairment in STZ-induced diabetes in rats. Material and Methods: The male wistar rats (n= 40) were randomly allocated and similarly grouped: Control, berberine-treated non-diabetic (100 mg/ kg), diabetic, berberine- treated diabetic (50, 100 mg/ kg) groups. Diabetes was induced by STZ administration at the dose of 55 mg/ kg through i.p. route. Berberine hydrochloride was administered p.o. at doses of 50 and 100 mg/ kg/ day 1 week after STZ injection for a period of 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein 1, 3, 5, 7 weeks after STZ injection to measure blood glucose levels. Behavioral tests including spatial recognition and objective recognition were performed at the end of study as described below. Results: Berberine- treated diabetic groups (50, 100 mg/ kg/ day) dose dependently has significant differences with diabetic group in spatial recognition and objective recognition tests including number of entrance to new arms and also number of rearing to new arms Y maze. Moreover, with respect to the diabetic group, objective recognition test number increased in berberine treated diabetic group (50, 100 mg/ kg) but not significantly. Conclusion: Berberine hydrochloride administration for 6 weeks improves cognitive dysfuntion in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats.
Hamid Alami; Ahmad Dovlatabadi; Yaser Tabaraee; Alireza Qorbani; MohammadReza Shegerfnakhee
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, Pages 364-370
Abstract
Background: family medicine is a global effort to improve quality, cost-effectiveness and equity in health care systems. Family medicine is bound to maintain and promote family and community health. Increase people satisfaction of family medicine plan is from these goals. This study aimed to determine ...
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Background: family medicine is a global effort to improve quality, cost-effectiveness and equity in health care systems. Family medicine is bound to maintain and promote family and community health. Increase people satisfaction of family medicine plan is from these goals. This study aimed to determine the satisfaction of family medicine in insured people has done in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Data were collected by two-part questionnaire that measures satisfaction in 8 scope and 1250 samples selected randomly in each class. Also analyze it by SPSS 17 and using independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Results: 1199 questionnaire was analyzed.69/4% of samples were housewives. Also 72/1% of them were female, 85/3% married, 86/4% rural residents and 90/9% of them received services from public centers. In surveyed scopes, the highest and lowest level of satisfaction observed in payment costs and trust and belief to family medicine performance respectively. Relationship between sex, age, job and marital status whit satisfaction rate was no significant. Also relationship between residence, education level and type of center whit satisfaction rate of family medicine was significant statistically. Conclusion: Results show that higher education level, receiving services from urban and private centers lead to more satisfaction for clients.
Hadi Yarahmadi; AmirHossein Haghighi; Mohammadreza Hamedinai; Mehdi Zaree
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, Pages 371-381
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to Survey of relationship physical activity level and sedentary behaviors with diet patterns among 12-14 year-old adolescent boys in Sabzevar. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 650 boy students aged 12-14 years in Sabzevar that were ...
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Background: The aim of this study was to Survey of relationship physical activity level and sedentary behaviors with diet patterns among 12-14 year-old adolescent boys in Sabzevar. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 650 boy students aged 12-14 years in Sabzevar that were selected via classified random Sampling. Physical activity levels were assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Energy intake and Macronutrient were assessed by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Sedentary behaviors of subjects assessed by means of a made-researcher questionnaire by researcher. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13 software using Spearman and Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA test. Result: There was no significant correlation between physical activity level and energy intake and macronutrient. In total subjects there was no significant difference in the reported energy intake and macronutrient between physical activity levels. But, in 12 year-old subjects, energy intake, Total fat, Protein and Carbohydrates in low physical activity level subjects were significantly higher than moderate physical activity level subjects. There was significant positive correlation between physical activity level and Number of breakfast Consumption per week. There was no statistically significant correlation between the reported Energy intake and Macronutrient with sedentary behaviors. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the reported Energy intake and Macronutrient between physical activity levels among 12-14 year-old students. But, energy intake and macronutrient in low physical activity level subjects were somewhat higher than active subjects. Therefore, the results suggest that nutrition education regarding balanced diet and optimum physical activity is required for children's health and growth.
Rahim Golmohammadi; Gholamreza Dashti
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, Pages 382-389
Abstract
Background: Identifying the students of the styles learning of anatomy is one of the most important leaning processes for applied anatomy in clinic. Therefore, the methods of the teaching of anatomy are undergone unavoidable changes in the last decades entire the world. For example, the contents of the ...
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Background: Identifying the students of the styles learning of anatomy is one of the most important leaning processes for applied anatomy in clinic. Therefore, the methods of the teaching of anatomy are undergone unavoidable changes in the last decades entire the world. For example, the contents of the course have been integrated with regional and systemic anatomy for better educational outcome. Among some methods for teaching of the anatomy traditional lecturing and modern problem based learning (PBL) were compared and evaluated. The purpose of the present study was to identifying the students of the styles learning of anatomy of methods problem based learning and lecturing
Material and Methods: A descriptive analytical study was conducted on 142 of the medical basic science students. They were included of 51 male and 91 female at the Sabzevar University of medical sciences. The course of general anatomy was doing lecturing then separately instructed to the small groups (n=6) of the students on aim lesson course and plan by PBL method. A questionnaire consists of a check list to find the students' views and attitude was used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version11.5). For determining any significant differences chi-square and ANOVA tests were performed and were considered significant when P value was less than 0.05.
Results: the average age of the students was 19.75± 1.40 in the males whereas it was 19.25± 1.36 in the females. There was a significant difference between the first selected in the learning process learning styles students with of lecturing and PBL (P < 0.01) methods. Therefore was no significantly between hearing and objective style students with of lecturing and PBL methods in the learning process(P=0.1,P=0.79) respectively. The motor style was first selected in anatomical learning by students.
Conclusion: The results showed that for undergraduate students of learning motor style in educational anatomy was more efficient better outcome compared with hearing and watching in lecturing or PBL methods.
Akbar AhmadiAsoor; yaser Tabaraee; Ahmad Allahabadi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, Pages 390-394
Abstract
Background: Many diseases are triggered depending on the condition of the building environment. Purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of sick building symptoms in office staff of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences . Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the office ...
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Background: Many diseases are triggered depending on the condition of the building environment. Purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of sick building symptoms in office staff of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences . Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the office staff of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences building condition surveyed by using a standard questionnaire for signs of disease. Results: The results showed that during the last year of the 69 people surveyed, about 62.7% at work feeling tired and 27.1% with vertigo and 24.28% felt sleepy, while approximately 95% of people stated that after leaving Work the symptoms disappeared. Average concentration of Carbon monoxide has been 3.4 ppm and sulfur dioxide with an average 0.027 ppm . Conclusion: Note that the measured concentrations of carbon monoxide , sulfur dioxide increasingly been far too low and Prevalence rate of illness among staff in the building haven't been of a high percentage, Therefore it can be concluded that the building was not sick building and prevalence symptoms of sick Building in the headquarters staff of Medical Sciences of Sabzevar is not significant.
Arash Akaberi; Reza Hekmatshoar; Majid Fallahi; Seyyed Mehdi Razavi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, Pages 395-399
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are highly one of the most important occupational health issues in the world, now days. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study among 333 mothers' home working carried out. We used modified Nordic questionnaire and information gathered by trained persons. ...
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Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are highly one of the most important occupational health issues in the world, now days. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study among 333 mothers' home working carried out. We used modified Nordic questionnaire and information gathered by trained persons. Results: The commonest musculoskeletal disorders were from the low back (49.5%), Resulted showed that between low back , knuckle pain and BMI (P=0.008), between pain and use of stair (p=0.004) were significant relationship. Conclusion: between musculoskeletal disorders and use of devices in the homes were significant relationship.