Original Article
Forough Afshar; Kataneh Abrari; Iran Goudarzi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 550-559
Abstract
Objectives Posttraumatic stress disorder is a severe anxiety disorder caused by exposure to traumatic events. Traumatic memory impairment is one of the clinical signs of this disorder. Cannabis sativa is full of cannabinoid compounds that are effective on memory extinction. We evaluated the combined ...
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Objectives Posttraumatic stress disorder is a severe anxiety disorder caused by exposure to traumatic events. Traumatic memory impairment is one of the clinical signs of this disorder. Cannabis sativa is full of cannabinoid compounds that are effective on memory extinction. We evaluated the combined effects of Cannabis leave extract and exposure therapy on memory extinction in this disease. Methods Modified single prolonged stress model was used to induce PTSD. A week later, rats were placed in a shock chamber and received a shock. After 24 hours, for the first time exposure, rats were returned to the chamber for 9 minutes, without receiving any footstock. Two other exposures were performed with one day interval. Cannabis leave extract (at three different doses) was injected 30 minutes before exposures. 14 days later, for fear memory evaluation, again rats were placed in the chamber. In order to evaluate the participation of cannabinoid system in the effects of cannabis, second experiment was accomplished. Effective dose of cannabis extract and cannabinoid receptor antagonist (Rimonabant) were simultaneously injected, as in the first experiment.Results Results of the first experiment showed that 25 mg/kg cannabis leave extract significantly decreased the percent of freezing as compared to control group. In the second experiment, percent of freezing in rats treated with extract and antagonist increased as compared to related control group. Conclusion Simultaneous treatment with exposure therapy and cannabis leave extract, with 25 mg/kg dosage, intensely led to condition memory extinction. Maybe this kind of treatment enhanced and consolidated the memory extinction by affecting cannabinoid system through CB1 receptor.
Original Article
Azam Borabadi; Mahdi Motakeffar; Houman Kamranian; Rahim Akrami
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 560-569
Abstract
Objectives Mental health is the most important factor in nurturing and developing students' potentialities. This study has tried to examine health mental and related factors in newcomer students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Methods This is a descriptive-analytical research performed on ...
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Objectives Mental health is the most important factor in nurturing and developing students' potentialities. This study has tried to examine health mental and related factors in newcomer students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Methods This is a descriptive-analytical research performed on 364 students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2012-2013. Health mental Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to gather information and the data were analyzed by software STATA 11. The questions in this study were stated in the form of null hypothesis to be analyzed at the 0.05 level of significance. T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the means.Results The overall prevalence of mental disorders was found to be 11.26% (41 students). The study indicates that, of all disorders assessed, social dysfunction disorder was the most common (prevalence of 32%; 120 individuals), while depressive disorder was of the least prevalent (%2.208; 8 individuals). The maximum prevalence of disorder in female, single, non-local and undergraduate students was respectively 12.75% (32 individuals), 12.62% (33 individuals), 11.97% (31 individuals) and %12.46 (38 individuals). Comparing of the fields of education, the student in clinical laboratory science had better mental health (17.4%) than the ones in other majors.Conclusion Regarding to the obtained results, at the beginning of study, symptoms related to social conflict in students were more common than other symptoms. Confirming the existence of mental disorders in students require more psychological investigation and assessment of students. Thus, providing counseling and psychological services based on the findings are recommended.
Original Article
Mohammad Javad Asghari Ebrahim Abad; Iman Seyyed Moharrami; Seyed Mahdi Moshirian Farahi; Amirhossein kayzouri; Nasrin Mircholi; Azam Borabadi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 570-577
Abstract
Background Emotional maturity and life satisfaction are among the important concepts affecting individual lives that have been studied little. This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotional maturity and life satisfaction of students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014.Methods ...
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Background Emotional maturity and life satisfaction are among the important concepts affecting individual lives that have been studied little. This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotional maturity and life satisfaction of students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014.Methods & Materials This study was a descriptive-analytical study. The study population consisted of students of Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Which out of them, 140 were selected by convenience sampling method. Study tools in the current study included questionnaires of Diener life satisfaction, Bhargaqa emotional maturity, and demographic information. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results In this study, mean (SD) of emotional maturity and life satisfaction participants was 27.2(20.9) and 20.31(6.101). There is a significant relationship between emotional maturity and life satisfaction (r=-0.32, P<0.000).Conclusion Strong correlation was observed between emotional maturity and life satisfaction units. Emotional instability could predict life satisfaction and the general emotional maturity could be a good predictor of life satisfaction.
Original Article
Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi; Fatemeh Shobeiri; Simin Karimi; Ghodratollah Roshanaei
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 578-589
Abstract
Background The satisfaction of the pregnant women is one of the crucial variables in measuring the quality of health cares. The current study was conducted to compare the satisfaction of the pregnant women referring to the prenatal clinic of Hamadan Fatemieh Hospital in 2014-2015 as far as consultation ...
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Background The satisfaction of the pregnant women is one of the crucial variables in measuring the quality of health cares. The current study was conducted to compare the satisfaction of the pregnant women referring to the prenatal clinic of Hamadan Fatemieh Hospital in 2014-2015 as far as consultation for delivery preparation and routine cares were concerned.Materials & Methods This study is a clinical trial research in which the pregnant women referring to the mentioned clinic, 170 were selected randomly and were assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received consultation for delivery preparation during 8 sessions from 20-36 wk of pregnancy; While the control group was exposed to only routine pregnancy cares. The instruments used to collect the data were the questionnaire of demographic characteristics and a researher-made questionnaire regarding pregnant women’s satisfaction of consultation for delivery preparation. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19, with Chi-Squre, and Fisher’s Exact Test, and P was considered to be significant at the level of 0.05. Results The results of data analysis showed that the experimental group’s mean score on satisfaction 93.76 (6.93) was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that 46.40 (14.27) of the control group. There was also a significant difference (P<0.001) between the groups in all fields of satisfaction.Conclusion The findings of the study indicate that the consultation for delivery preparation had positive effect on the pregnant women’s satisfaction. Thus, more consultation sessions for delivery preparation are suggested to be held in the clinical centers.
Original Article
Roya Hedayati Kashka; Saeed Zavareh; Taghi Lashkabolouki
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 590-599
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is unavoidable during in vitro culture. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ubiquinone as a potent antioxidant on lipid peroxidation and development rate of mice in vitro cultured preantral follicles.Materials & Methods Preantral follicles were isolated ...
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Background Oxidative stress is unavoidable during in vitro culture. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ubiquinone as a potent antioxidant on lipid peroxidation and development rate of mice in vitro cultured preantral follicles.Materials & Methods Preantral follicles were isolated mechanically from 14- to 16-day-old mice (n=123) and divided into control (n=78) and ubiquinone treated groups (n=45). Preantral follicles were cultured in the presence or absence (control) of 50 µM ubiquinone. Ovulation was induced at 12th day. The rates of growth, survival, antrum formation, ovulation, and MII oocytes were evaluated. Separately, malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation was assessed at different time points of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Statistical analysis was performed by Independent t test through using SPSS.Results The growth and survival rate of ubiquinone treated preantral follicles was significantly higher than those of the control group. The rates of antrum formation, ovulation, and MII oocytes in the presence of ubiquinone were significantly higher than those of the control group. Whereas, MDA levels of ubiquinone treated preantral follicles was significantly lower compared with that of the control group.Conclusion Supplemented culture medium with ubiquinone improves the development of preantral follicles by reducing the lipid peroxidation.
Original Article
Ahmad Reza Yari; Behrooz Dezhdar; Alireza Koohpaei; Ali Ebrahimi; Alireza Mashkoori; Mohammad Javad Mohammadi; Shahram Arsang-Jang
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 600-607
Abstract
Objectives Noise pollution in urban areas is known as one of the main problems. In order to prevent its damaging effects, it is essential to measure it in towns. This study aimed to determine the noise pollution indicators in Qom, Iran.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at selected 12 stations ...
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Objectives Noise pollution in urban areas is known as one of the main problems. In order to prevent its damaging effects, it is essential to measure it in towns. This study aimed to determine the noise pollution indicators in Qom, Iran.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at selected 12 stations in the city based on the traffic density. This study was done in autumn and winter 2013. The sound Level was measured by Sound Meter (CEL-320). Also, in each station according to ISO 1996, the equivalent sound level for 15 minutes, was measured for 7 days and 27 times per day. At the same time, passing vehicles were counted. Finally, noise polllution level (NPL) and traffic noise index (TNI) indices were calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS V18. One-sample t test was used for comparing mean equivalent sound level with standard value. The significant level was considered at 0.05.Results The results showed that the average equivalent sound level in all stations were higher than allowable limit. The maximum and minimum levels were recorded in Motahari Square station as 92.6 dB and Bazaar crossroad as 50.1 dB, respectively (P<0.05). The highest values of TNI and NPL indices were reported for Janbazan station. The level of noise pollution was measured at the highest value in the evening and lowest value in the morning. In addition, results showed that there were significant differences between equivalent sound level and density rate of motor vehicles (P<0.05).Conclusion According to findings, in order to control traffic noise pollution, necessary corrective measures must be considered as soon as possible.
Original Article
Zahra Rezaei Gozal Abad; Ahmad Alah Abadi; Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei; Ayoob Rastegar; Farzad Mohammadi; Shahram Nazari
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 608-617
Abstract
Objectives Phenol is known as a toxic and carcinogen compound in the environment. It also produces unpleasant taste and odor in water reservoirs. In this study, the efficiencies of modified and conventional rice husk ashes as low-cost adsorbents were compared regarding phenol removal from aqueous solutions. ...
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Objectives Phenol is known as a toxic and carcinogen compound in the environment. It also produces unpleasant taste and odor in water reservoirs. In this study, the efficiencies of modified and conventional rice husk ashes as low-cost adsorbents were compared regarding phenol removal from aqueous solutions. Methods This study is an interventional laboratory research in which, at first carbonized rice husk was prepared at a temperature of 450°C. Then, to improve rice husk ash adsorption capacity, NH4CL was used for its modification. Then, the effects of physiochemical factors (pH, contact time, phenol concentration and adsorbent dose) on phenol removal were studied. Results Findings showed that the phenol removal by modified and conventional rice husk ash was 94.85% and 52.8%, respectively. The adsorption process for both adsorbents followed Freundlich isotherm (R2≥ 0. 99) and the pseudo-second order model (R2>0.99). Maximum adsorption capacity based on Langmuir model for the modified and conventional husk rice ashes were 66.6 mg/g and 4.7 mg/g, respectively. Conclusion Results indicated that efficiency of modified husk rice ash was more than that of the conventional type in phenol removal, causing less adsorbent consuming in the industrial treatment plants. Therefore, because of its availability and easy modification, it can be used in water and wastewater technology for phenol removal.
Original Article
Seyede Somaye Mirmoini; Salman Khazaei; Mehdi Kangavari; Maryam Afshari
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 618-625
Abstract
Background Spirometry as a screening method for occupational lung diseases is frequently used. The main purpose of spirometry is the early diagnosis of lung function decline before emergence of clinical symptoms. This study aimed to determine parameters associated with spirometery of industrial workers ...
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Background Spirometry as a screening method for occupational lung diseases is frequently used. The main purpose of spirometry is the early diagnosis of lung function decline before emergence of clinical symptoms. This study aimed to determine parameters associated with spirometery of industrial workers admitted for employment examinations Tuyserkan City.Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 200 workers of various industries in Tuyserkan in fall 2013. This study was performed by referring to the city health department of Tuyserkan occupational health and doing spirometric tests with Spirolab II device and filling out questionnaires through interviews. Spirometry test has been confirmed by standards of American Thoracic Society. Data were analyzed using Stata 11.Results About 5.3% of men were in unsiutable condition in terms of their respiratory functions while this figure was 16.1% in women. The relationship between gender and respiratory status was statistically significant (P=0.03). With regard to the employment status and respiratory function of workers, 18% of of ordinary workers had unsuitable respiratory conditions. Spirometric patterns obtained from patients with respiratory problems revealed that 52.09% of them had complex pattern, 29.1% restrictive pattern and 22.8% obstructive pattern.Conclusion According to the results, performing pre-employment and periodic examinations, continuous monitoring by health professionals, and using appropriate personal protective equipment along with training for quitting smoking are essential.
Original Article
Sahar Sadat Alavi; Hassan Naemi; Ali Hosseinzadeh
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 626-633
Abstract
Background Today, the majority of developing countries have experienced social, economic, health and the demographic transition (known as aging) problems. Over time, the number of elderly in whole population will increase. Currently, 4%-5% of the whole population are 60 years and older. This study aimed ...
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Background Today, the majority of developing countries have experienced social, economic, health and the demographic transition (known as aging) problems. Over time, the number of elderly in whole population will increase. Currently, 4%-5% of the whole population are 60 years and older. This study aimed to identify the causes of mortality among the older people over 60 years.Methods & Materials This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that its study samples included all 60 years and older people who have died in Sabzevar in the years 2011-2013. The study data were collected by checklist.Results A total of 2278 samples were studied. Their mean(SD) age was 71.54(8.87) years and the maximum and minimum ages were 107 and 60 years, respectively. In our study, the average mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases was 56.24%, deaths due to respiratory diseases 10.37% and deaths due to cancer was recorded as 7.88%, which were the first three leading causes of death in the elderly patients.Conclusion Because the mortality due to cardiovascular disease in the elderly is the first cause and the respiratory infections ranked as the second cause, paying attention to the importance of prevention and observation of risk factors in the families are of critical importance. Also, conducting more comprehensive and adequate planning for early diagnosis of these diseases and particular attention to the patients, especially the elderly persons, are required.
Original Article
Seyyd Mansour Kashfi; Maryam Yazdankhah; Al Khani Jeihooni; Mohammad Javad Motamedi; Akbar Babaei Heydarabadi; Marjan Vejdani
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 634-643
Abstract
Background Suicide is one of the important health problems. In Iran, like most countries in the world, suicide has considerably increased in recent decades and its reduction is one of the key goals of the health system. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for suicide to provide appropriate ...
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Background Suicide is one of the important health problems. In Iran, like most countries in the world, suicide has considerably increased in recent decades and its reduction is one of the key goals of the health system. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for suicide to provide appropriate strategies and planning of practitioners for better prevention and treatment of people at risk.Methods & Materials This is a desriptive correlational study. The study population comprised all suicide attempts in 2011. To this end, 545 records were examined in proportional stratified manner. The device of collecting data was a checklist, including age, sex, history of suicide attempt,etc. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive tests using SPSS19.Results Based on the results, 36.7% of the subjects who attempted sucide were men and 63.3% were women. The majority of suicide attempters were single (53.9%), aged 14-24 years (54.9%) and were city residents (90.1%). Suicide rates were highest in winter (30.6%). Among suicide attempters, 74.3% had used drugs. The most common reasons of attempting for suicide among married persons were marital problems.Conclusion According to the findings, promotion of healthy marriage, premarital consultation, social and mental support with regard to social problems, promotion of correct urbanization culture, correct use of medication, expansion of hope and recreation among people, especially the young could be helpful and instrumental in prevention of Suicide.
Original Article
Marzieh Motahari; Seyyed Reza Mazlom; Negar Asgharipour; Shahrokh Maghsoudi Poor Zaid Abadi; Mozhgan Ghiassi Ajgan
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 644-651
Abstract
Background Assertiveness is an important skill for nurses to successfully communicate with patients, families, and colleagues. Assertiveness as an important component of communication skills increases people’s self-esteem, improves professional communication, and promotes the quality of patient's ...
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Background Assertiveness is an important skill for nurses to successfully communicate with patients, families, and colleagues. Assertiveness as an important component of communication skills increases people’s self-esteem, improves professional communication, and promotes the quality of patient's care. The study aimed to investigate the effect of the assertiveness training on nurses’ level of assertiveness.Methods & Materials This experimental study was conducted on 60 nurses of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad in 2014. They were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned into intervention or control groups. Intervention group received assertiveness skills during a 2-day workshop. The control group did not receive any training. Assertiveness skills was measured in both groups before and 40 days after the intervention by Bar-on assertiveness questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, Mann–Whitney, Fisher’s exact test, and Wilcoxon tests using SPSS 11.5.Results No significant difference was seen between the two groups before the intervention with regard to nurse’s mean score of assertiveness score in the workplace (P=0.417). However, significant differences were seen after the intervention between mean assertiveness skill of the intervention group (23.30±2.89) and that of the control group (19.60±3.01).Conclusion The results showed that holding assertiveness skills workshop program affects the level of nurses’ assertiveness in the workplace. Therefore, with regard to the advantages of assertiveness skills
Original Article
Gholamreza Moussavi; Ahamd Allahabadi; Milad Ganbary; Morteza Dab; Fahimeh Mircholi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 652-661
Abstract
Background Malathion is a pesticide with the highest consumption in phosphoric pesticides. This pesticide has acute and chronic effects. Therefore, for the protection of the water and human health against the harmful effects of these compounds, they must be removed by appropriate treatment of wastewater ...
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Background Malathion is a pesticide with the highest consumption in phosphoric pesticides. This pesticide has acute and chronic effects. Therefore, for the protection of the water and human health against the harmful effects of these compounds, they must be removed by appropriate treatment of wastewater and water resources. Among the treatment methods, the ozonation process has drawn more attention; one of the best options of ozonation process is the catalytic ozonation process (COP)with activated carbon.Materials & Methods In this study, at first the synthetic wastewater was prepared at the mentioned concentration with pure malathion. Then, removal malathion experiments in a cylindrical pilot with a total volume of 200 mL were performed by single ozonation and catalytic ozonation process with use of NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) obtained from of agricultural waste. Study variables included pH, contact time, the concentration of ozone, and the concentration of catalyst. In all conditions, the sole catalytic ozonation adsorption and catalystic synergistic effects were evaluated.Results The results showed that the removal efficiency of ozone in alkaline pH is higher. Also, in 200 mL samples containing 50 mg/L malathion and 0.1 g/L concentration of catalyst in carbon NAC, in the COP test for 50 minutes, the malathion removal performance was 62.9% in ozonation; 100% in catalytic ozonation, 22% in adsorbtion only, and 15.1% in the synergism effect. It showed the high removal efficiency of COP/NAC.
Original Article
Marjan Vejdani; Maryam Godarzeyan; Zahra Rahimi; Seyyed Ehsan Saffari; Marzieh Vejdani; Samira Fouji; Arefeh Pourtaleb
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 662-671
Abstract
Background Considering patient’s experiences about non clinical aspect of health care services is now seen as a key characteristic of an effective health system. This study looks into the Responsiveness in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 2015.Methods & Materials In this cross-sectional ...
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Background Considering patient’s experiences about non clinical aspect of health care services is now seen as a key characteristic of an effective health system. This study looks into the Responsiveness in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 2015.Methods & Materials In this cross-sectional and explanatory study, 189 hospitalized patients in Vasai hospital were selected using a stratified and simple random sampling. Standard Responsiveness Questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests and ANOVA by SPSS 16 at a significance level of 0.05.Results Access to the social support during hospitalization achieved the highest score while patient autonomy received the least score. There was a significant relationship between Access to the social support and patient’ gender (P≤0.05). Results showed significant differences between wards in this hospital and Access to the social support and Quality of basic amenities (P≤0.05). From patient view point the total score for this hospital was (2.43±0.60) that showed the moderate level of responsiveness. Conclusion More than ever trying to institutionalize the principle of responsiveness culture in this kind of training educational hospital should be regarded. In this way it could be helpful to design a new scientific approach to implement and evaluate responsiveness in hospital regularly. It also would be an effective way to design suitable guideline and checklist along with improve clinical governance and clinical audit
Original Article
Zahra Komeili; Mohadeseh Shahidi; Hassan Naemi; Ali Hossein-Zadeh
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 672-679
Abstract
Background A healthy lifestyle in old age is of considerable importance. Iranian elderly population is increasing day by day. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting their lifestyle is the concern of country's health system policy makers. This study was conducted to study the lifestyle of the over ...
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Background A healthy lifestyle in old age is of considerable importance. Iranian elderly population is increasing day by day. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting their lifestyle is the concern of country's health system policy makers. This study was conducted to study the lifestyle of the over 60-year-old retired staff of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.Materials & Methods The research was descriptive in the form of cross-sectional study. Using the Morgan table, a sample of 110 retired staff of Sabzevar Medical Science University were selected by simple random sampling method. Demographic and healthy lifestyle information was collected with the standard assessment healthy lifestyle questionnaires to assess Iranian elderly. The data were entered into SPSS version 22, and analyzed through descriptive statistics, t test, and ANOVA.Results Out of 110 subjects, 85 were males (77.3%) and 25 were females (22.7%). In terms of education, 40 (36.6%) were illiterate, 56 (50.90%) had diplomas, and 14 (12.72%) had an academic degree. The mean(SD) total score of lifestyle in men was 148.82(16.65) and in women 144.40(17.05). T test showed that this difference was significant. According to this test, significant differences were observed between men and women with regard to recreation, exercise (P=0.032), and social relations (P=0.008) .Conclusion The results showed that the elderly of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences were ranked average regarding their lifestyle, so their education of healthy lifstyle must be pursed more seriously.
Original Article
Sohrab Golmohammadi; Abdol Azim Alinejad; Afshin Ghaderpoury; Nezam Mirzaei; Mohammad Hossien Saghi; Mansour Ghaderpoori
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 680-687
Abstract
Background Wastewater from textile dyes, which contain organic pollutants, is a major source of environmental contamination. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of the photo-catalytic process of ZnO nanoparticles in removing Acid Black 1 from aqueous solutions.Methods & Materials This study ...
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Background Wastewater from textile dyes, which contain organic pollutants, is a major source of environmental contamination. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of the photo-catalytic process of ZnO nanoparticles in removing Acid Black 1 from aqueous solutions.Methods & Materials This study was quasi-experimental. The nanoparticles were synthesized in the laboratory. To determine their characteristics some tests, including SEM, XRD and particle size distribution were done. The optimum pH was determined in the test, then, by maintaining the optimum pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, dye concentration and different concentrations of nanoparticles were studied.Results The results showed that the removal efficiency of this process is maximum at pH=4 and equals to 1.15%. The best color removal efficiency was obtained at a concentration of 5 mg/l. The maximum and minimum removal efficiency as a color block acid were obtained at a concentration of 30 and 5 Mmol/mL of hydrogen peroxide, respectively.Conclusion Nano-photo catalytic process is a highly efficient method for the removal of dyes in aqueous solutions. In this process, organic materials are converted into less toxic substances also the energy of sunlight, which is used in this process is normally available
Original Article
Mahdi Baranvand; Hosein Honari
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 688-697
Abstract
Background The intestinal infection caused by Shigella and Escherichia coli is known as a bioterrorist agent. IpaD and STx proteins play an important role in the invasion and angiogenesis by Shigella. Therefore, IpaD with STxB can be appropriate candidates for a safety vaccine. In this study the immunogenicity ...
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Background The intestinal infection caused by Shigella and Escherichia coli is known as a bioterrorist agent. IpaD and STx proteins play an important role in the invasion and angiogenesis by Shigella. Therefore, IpaD with STxB can be appropriate candidates for a safety vaccine. In this study the immunogenicity of STxB and combined STxB-IpaD nanocapsule recombinant proteins has been examined in the form of oral and injection in mice.Methods & Materials In this experimental study, pET28a(+) vectors containing stxB and stxB-ipaD genes were transformed into E. coli BL21 DE3 bacteria. These bacteria were grown on antibiotic medium and were confirmed by direct PCR, and protein expression and SDS-PAGE gel. Recombinant proteins purified by nickel column and SDS-PAGE gel and were confirmed by immunoblotting. STxB and STxB-IpaD recombinant proteins become nanoparticles by inotropic gelation method with chitosan polymer and its picture was taken by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). STxB and STxB-IpaD nanocapsule antigens prescript in the form of oral and injection four time to mice and their antibodies titer and immunogenicity were monitored. Results By performing ELISA test, IgG antibody titer was detected by injection method but not in oral method, maybe due to loss of nanoparticle structure and antigens in acidic environment and trypsin enzyme of stomach. Immunized mice’s with STxB and STxB-IpaD recombinant proteins with inotropic gel method were able to tolerance order up to 7 and 10 times the E. coli O157: H7 Shiga toxin LD50.Conclusion STxB and STxB-IpaD protein nanoparticles can be used as safety injection adjuvant for immunogenesis against the E. coli O157: H7 Shiga toxin.
Original Article
Afshin Takdastan; Mehdi Jolanejad; Abdolkazem Neisi; Mehrnosh Abtahi; Sahand Jorfi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 698-705
Abstract
Background Chromium and cadmium are two heavy metals having adverse effects on the health and environment, which are released to environment by waste streams. Because of high solubility, they are absorbed by living organisms and through food chain accumulate in human body. This study aimed to determine ...
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Background Chromium and cadmium are two heavy metals having adverse effects on the health and environment, which are released to environment by waste streams. Because of high solubility, they are absorbed by living organisms and through food chain accumulate in human body. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of the polyferric sulfate (PFS) in removing of Cr6+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solutions.Methods & Materials This study was investigated in bench scale using a jar test apparatus. The effect of pH (4-11), dose of coagulants (10-200 mg/l), initial amount of metals (1-100 mg/l) and settling time (15-9 min) were investigated. Cr and Cd concentration were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.Results The result showed that the maximum removal efficiency was 52.82% for Cr and 93.13% for Cd, at pH values of 6 and 9, coagulant dosage of 100 and 50 mg/l, respectively, and settling time for 30 min. Conclusion Coagulation and sedimentation by use of polyferric sulfate can be considered as an efficient process for removal of Cd and pretreatment of Cr.
Original Article
Masoumeh Azizi; Hamid Reza Agha-MohammadiyanShaarbaf; Ali Mashhadi; Mohamad Asghari-Ebrahimabaad
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 706-713
Abstract
Background Given the importance of psychological factors in the development and exacerbation of symptoms of migraine, this study aimed to compare the psychological status of patients with migraine with healthy subjects.Methods & Materials The study method is causal-comparative and statistical population ...
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Background Given the importance of psychological factors in the development and exacerbation of symptoms of migraine, this study aimed to compare the psychological status of patients with migraine with healthy subjects.Methods & Materials The study method is causal-comparative and statistical population included all patients of Khatomol-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan who were referred there with headache during the 2015 . Of the patients with headache, migraine patients were identified with a definite diagnosis by a neurologist. A total of 105 people with migraine and 105 normal subjects were considered as control (who had not experienced any headaches). They completed SCL-90 questionnaire and the obtained data analyzed by using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and MANOVA. Software Gpower was used.Results The results showed that between migraine and healthy, there was a psychological state for the new dependent variable component of the composition (F(200,9)=72.41, P<0.001). So that people with migraine compared to non-affected ones, in all components of somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychotic have higher scores than the healthy people (P<0.001).
Original Article
Fatah Moradi; Soran Heidari; Akbar Pejhan
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 714-723
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity and obesity have been directly associated with elevated inflammatory markers involving in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and Type II diabetes. The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of 12-week aerobic training on serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) ...
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Background Physical inactivity and obesity have been directly associated with elevated inflammatory markers involving in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and Type II diabetes. The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of 12-week aerobic training on serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in sedentary obese men.Methods & Materials In this clinical trial study, 20 sedentary obese men were randomly placed at two groups: aerobic training (n=10, age: 27.8±3.2 y, body fat percentage: 31.7±3.4, BMI: 32.0±3.5 kg/m2) and control (n=11, age: 26.7±2.6 y, body fat percentage 31.4±3.2, BMI: 32.3±2.8 kg/m2). For all subjects, height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, maximal oxygen consumption, serum levels of IL-18, and hsCRP (after 12 h fasting) were assessed prior to and after training. Aerobic training was accomplished for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week, intensity 60%-70% of the reserved heart rate, duration of each session 20-40 min). Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 by performing two-way ANOVA with repeated measures test. Statistical significance was accepted at PResults Twelve weeks aerobic training decreased serum levels of IL-18 and hsCRP in sedentary obese men, while no significant changes were observed in the control group.Conclusion It appears that aerobic training can, via influencing on parameters IL-18 and hsCRP, play an important role in reducing incidence of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and Type II diabetics in sedentary obese men.
Original Article
Hossein Samadi; Fateme Sadat Hoseini; Reza Bidaki
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 724-731
Abstract
Background Little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions on Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis response and sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of 6-week mindfulness training on salivary cortisol concentration as a reliable ...
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Background Little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions on Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis response and sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of 6-week mindfulness training on salivary cortisol concentration as a reliable physiological marker of shooter's competition stress and their sport performance.Methods & Materials This study was a quasi-experimental study by pretest-posttest design with a control group. Statistical group comprised all men shooter athletes with an age range of 17-22 years in Yazd Province. To do this test, 16 male elite shooters were randomly allocated into experimental and control groups (8 in each). We used salivary cortisol kit (Germany IBL company model RE 52611 model) to evaluate amount of precompetition stress and special forms to evaluated sport performance. We used the Independent t test to compare performance score and repeated measure of ANOVA for comparison of salivary cortisol concentration in experimental and control group. The results were analyzed with SPSS 20. Results The findings showed significant reduction in salivary cortisol concentration and significant increase in sport performance in experimental group in comparison with the control group after 6 weeks of mindfulness training. Conclusion The results suggest that mindfulness training can be uses as a new and promised method in reduction of shooter's precompetition stress and enhancing their sport performance.
Original Article
Fatemeh Bahrami; Fatemeh Motaharinejad; Saeid Samadi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, Pages 732-739
Abstract
Background Nurses, as the frontline hospital staff, have a substantial effect on the patients’ satisfaction; therefore, investigating the effective factors on nurses’ behaviors and attitudes is of great importance. Organizational justice is one of the influencing factors on nurses’ ...
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Background Nurses, as the frontline hospital staff, have a substantial effect on the patients’ satisfaction; therefore, investigating the effective factors on nurses’ behaviors and attitudes is of great importance. Organizational justice is one of the influencing factors on nurses’ behaviors and attitudes; lack of understanding organizational justice can result in unpleasant consequences such as job burnout, counterproductive behavior, and job stress. The objective of the present study was to investigate the intermediate role of job stress and job burnout concerning organizational justice and counterproductive behaviors among the nurses of Sabzevar Medical Centers.Methods & Materials The present research was an applied and descriptive type; a periodical one presented in structural equations format. The study population comprised all nurses of the Sabzevar Educational and Medical Centers in which 100 subjects were randomly selected. For data collection, the instruments of the study included Niehoff and Moorman organizational justice, Phillip L. Ricejob stress, Maslach et al. job burnout, as well as Spector and Fox counterproductive behaviors. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL Software. LISREL was used to analyze confirmatory factor and model test.Results The findings indicated that organizational justice has a negative and significant effect on job burnout (-0.57), job stress (-0.43) and counterproductive behavior (-0.35). Besides, job burnout (0.39) and job stress (0.36) have positive and significant effect on counterproductive behaviors.Conclusion In addition to directly influencing the counterproductive behaviors, organizational justice indirectly influences them via job burnout and job stress. Accordingly, job burnout and job stress variables can be considered as the intermediate variables between organizational justice and counterproductive behaviors.