Document Type : Review article
Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 MSc student of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
Abstract: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a recent microextraction technique that was first developed by Assadi and et al. in 2006. This method is a very popular and benign sample-preparation technique. Fast, cost benefit, easy and fast operation, low consumption of organic solvents, high enrichment factor and short extraction time are the advantages of this technique. Simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of analytes in to a micro-volume of extraction solvent is based on a ternary solvent system. Extraction solvent must be non polar, water immiscible and usually have higher density than water. Being polar and water miscible is often considered as a necessary feature for the disperser solvent. The present review study, aims at introducing basic principles of DLLME method, parameters affecting the extraction efficiency and finally evaluating the application of DLLME method in extraction hazardous material in work place. ...... ......... ..... ..... ..... ........ ........ .......... ........... ................ ..........
Keywords
Main Subjects
1. Rezaee M, Yamini Y, Faraji M. Evolution of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method. Journal of Chromatography A. 2010;1217(16):2342-57.
2. Xiao-Huan Z, Qiu-Hua W, ZHANG M-Y, Guo-Hong X, Zhi W. Developments of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2009;37(2):161-8.
3. Zuloaga O, Olivares M, Navarro P, Vallejo A, Prieto A. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: trends in the analysis of biological samples. Bioanalysis. 2015;7(17):2211-25.
4. Rezaee M, Assadi Y, Hosseini M-RM, Aghaee E, Ahmadi F, Berijani S. Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Journal of Chromatography A. 2006;1116(1):1-9.
5. Samadi S, Sereshti H, Assadi Y. Ultra-preconcentration and determination of thirteen organophosphorus pesticides in water samples using solid-phase extraction followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A. 5-1219:61;2012.
6. Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Grześkowiak T. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2011;30(9):1382-99.
7. Sun J-N, Shi Y-P, Chen J. Ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for sensitive determination of trace celastrol in urine. Journal of Chromatography B. 2011;879(30):3429-33.
8. Liang P, Xu J, Li Q. Application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of three phthalate esters in water samples. Analytica chimica acta. 2008;609(1):53-8.
9. Melwanki MB, Fuh M-R. Partitioned dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction: an approach for polar organic compounds extraction from aqueous samples. Journal of Chromatography A. 2008;1207(1):24-8.
10. Wan-Chun Tsai, Huang S-D. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with little solvent consumptioncombined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for thepretreatment of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples. Journal of Chromatography A. 2009;1216:5171–5.
11. MOHAMMAD H . M A L L A H, F A R Z A N E H S H E M I R A N I , H MGMARAGHE. Ionic Liquids for SimultaneousPreconcentration of SomeLanthanoids Using DispersiveLiquid-Liquid MicroextractionTechnique in Uranium DioxidePowder Environ Sci Technol. 2009;43(6):1947–51.
12. Hui Xu, Dandan Song, Yanfang Cui, Sheng Hu, Qiong-Wei Yu, Feng Y-Q. Analysis of Hexanal and Heptanalin Human Blood by SimultaneousDerivatization and Dispersive Liquid-LiquidMicroextraction then LC-APCI-MS-MS.Chromatographia. 2009;70(5/6):775-81.
13. Ranjbari E, Golbabanezhad-Azizi A-A, Hadjmohammadi MR. Preconcentration of trace amounts of methadone in human urine, plasma, saliva and sweat samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta. 2012;94:116-22.
14. Xu H, Song D, Cui Y, Hu S, Yu Q-W, Feng Y-Q. Analysis of hexanal and heptanal in human blood by simultaneous derivatization and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction then LC–APCI–MS–MS. Chromatographia. 2009;70(5-6):775-81.
15. Wei G, Li Y, Wang X. Application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of methomyl in natural waters. Journal of separation science. 2007;30(18):3262-7.
16. Farhadi K, Matin AA, Hashemi P. LC determination of trace amounts of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides in water after dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Chromatographia. 2009;69(1-2):45-9.
17. Farhadi K, Farajzadeh M, Matin A, Hashemi P. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in water. Open Chemistry. 2009;7(3):369-74.
18. Wu Q, Zhou X, Li Y, Zang X, Wang C, Wang Z. Application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography to the determination of carbamate pesticides in water samples. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2009;393(6-7):1755-61.
19. Berijani S, Assadi Y, Anbia M, Hosseini M-RM, Aghaee E. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection: very simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water. Journal of Chromatography A. 2006;1123(1):1-9.
20. Farajzadeh MA, Mogaddam MRA, Aghdam SR, Nouri N, Bamorrowat M. Application of elevated temperature-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organophosphorus pesticides residues in aqueous samples followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Food Chemistry. 2016;212:198-204.
21. Wu Q, Li Y, Wang C, Liu Z, Zang X, Zhou X, et al. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection for the determination of carbendazim and thiabendazole in environmental samples. Analytica chimica acta. 2009;638(2):139-45.
22. Xia J, Xiang B, Zhang W. Determination of metacrate in water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and HPLC with the aid of response surface methodology and experimental design. Analytica chimica acta. 2008;625(1):28-34.
23. Farhadi K, Farajzadeh MA, Matin AA. Liquid chromatographic determination of benomyl in water samples after dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Journal of separation science. 2009;32(14):2442-7.
24. Mirzaei M, Behzadi M, Abadi NM, Beizaei A. Simultaneous separation/preconcentration of ultra trace heavy metals in industrial wastewaters by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop prior to determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of hazardous materials. 2011;186(2):1739-43.
25. Liang P, Sang H. Determination of trace lead in biological and water samples with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction preconcentration. Analytical Biochemistry. 2008;380(1):21-5.
26. Faraji H, Helalizadeh M. Lead Quantification in Urine Samples of Athletes by Coupling DLLME with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Biological Trace Element Research. 2016:1-12.
27. Rezaee M, Yamini Y, Khanchi A, Faraji M, Saleh A. A simple and rapid new dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop combined with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry for preconcentration and determination of aluminium in water samples. Journal of hazardous materials. 2010;178(1):766-70.
28. Jahromi EZ, Bidari A, Assadi Y, Hosseini MRM, Jamali MR. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: Ultra trace determination of cadmium in water samples. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2007;585(2):305-11.
29. Asadollahi T, Dadfarnia S, Shabani AMH. Separation/preconcentration and determination of vanadium with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta. 2010;82(1):208-12.
30. Farajzadeh MA, Bahram M, Mehr BG, Jönsson JÅ. Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of copper (II) by atomic absorption spectrometry as its oxinate chelate: Application to determination of copper in different water samples. Talanta. 2008;75(3):832-40.
31. Bidari A, Jahromi EZ, Assadi Y, Hosseini MRM. Monitoring of selenium in water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by iridium-modified tube graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchemical Journal. 2007;87(1):6-12.
32. Liu S, Xie Q, Chen J, Sun J, He H, Zhang X. Development and comparison of two dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction techniques coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for the rapid analysis of bisphenol A in edible oils. Journal of Chromatography A. 2013;1295:16-23.
33. Rezaee M, Yamini Y, Shariati S, Esrafili A, Shamsipur M. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection as a very simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of bisphenol A in water samples. Journal of Chromatography A. 2009;1216(9):1511-4.
34. Cunha S, Fernandes J. Quantification of free and total bisphenol A and bisphenol B in human urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (MD–GC/MS). Talanta. 2010;83(1):117-25.
35. Karimi M, Sereshti H, Samadi S, Parastar H. Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and improvement of detection limit of methyl tert-butyl ether in water with the aid of chemometrics. Journal of Chromatography A. 2010;1217(45):7017-23.
36. Sobhi HR, Kashtiaray A, Farahani H, Javaheri M, Ganjali MR. Quantitation of mononitrotoluenes in aquatic environment using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. Journal of hazardous materials. 2010;175(1):279-83.
37. Farahani H, Norouzi P, Dinarvand R, Ganjali MR. Development of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry as a simple, rapid and highly sensitive method for the determination of phthalate esters in water samples. Journal of Chromatography A. 2007;1172(2):105-12.
38. Zarei AR, Gholamian F. Development of a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for spectrophotometric determination of barbituric acid in pharmaceutical formulation and biological samples. Analytical biochemistry. 2011;412(2):224-8.
39. Guiñez M, Martinez LD, Fernandez L, Cerutti S. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop and fluorescence detection for the determination of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples. Microchemical Journal. 2017;131:1-8.
40. Maleki R, Nezhad NM, Samadi N, Farhadi K. Trace determination of EDTA from water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC-DAD. Microchimica Acta. 2009;165(1-2):97-101.
41. Guo J-H, Li X-H, Cao X-L, Li Y, Wang X-Z, Xu X-B. Determination of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in aqueous samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with rapid liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A. 2009;1216(15):3038-43.
42. Tabrizi AB, Abdollahi A. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the high performance liquid chromatographic determination of aldehydes in cigarette smoke and injectable formulations. Journal of hazardous materials. 2013;254:390-6.
43. Fan YC, Hu ZL, Chen ML, Tu CS, Zhu Y. Ionic liquid based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of aromatic amines in water samples. Chinese Chemical Letters. 2008;19(8):985-7.
44. Rezaei F, Bidari A, Birjandi AP, Hosseini MRM, Assadi Y. Development of a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in water. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2008;158(2):621-7.
45. Fattahi N, Assadi Y, Hosseini MRM, Jahromi EZ. Determination of chlorophenols in water samples using simultaneous dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and derivatization followed by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection. Journal of Chromatography A. 2007;1157(1):23-9.
46. Li Y, Wei G, Hu J, Liu X, Zhao X, Wang X. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers at trace levels in landfill leachate and environmental water samples. Analytica chimica acta. 2008;615(1):96-103.
47. Kozani RR, Assadi Y, Shemirani F, Hosseini M-RM, Jamali MR. Part-per-trillion determination of chlorobenzenes in water using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined gas chromatography–electron capture detection. Talanta. 2007;72(2):387-93.
48. Chiang J-S, Huang S-D. Simultaneous derivatization and extraction of anilines in waste water with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometric detection. Talanta. 2008;75(1):70-5.
49. Birjandi AP, Bidari A, Rezaei F, Hosseini MRM, Assadi Y. Speciation of butyl and phenyltin compounds using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-flame photometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A. 2008;1193(1):19-25.
50. Spietelun A, Marcinkowski Ł, de la Guardia M, Namieśnik J. Green aspects, developments and perspectives of liquid phase microextraction techniques. Talanta. 2014;119:34-45.
)