Saeed Faghih; Behzad Feizzadeh; Habibollah Esmaili; Elaheh Erami; Hasan Ajdari Zarmehri
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 21-26
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is initial treatment of choice for most calculi in the kidney. Although ESWL has many side effects one of which is cardiac arrhythmia, occurring mostly in non-synchronized mode. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of ...
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Background and Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is initial treatment of choice for most calculi in the kidney. Although ESWL has many side effects one of which is cardiac arrhythmia, occurring mostly in non-synchronized mode. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on electrocardiogram changes in patients with renal stone. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 75 patients with renal stone who were selected by non-probability and convenience sampling. Then electrocardiograph was obtained from participants before, during and after lithotripsy. The relationship between ESWL-associated arrhythmia and autonomic neural activity was evaluated by heart rate spectral analysis. Electrocardiogram changes were interpreted and the data were analyzed in SPSS and SAS using chi-square, independent t-test, paired t-test, McNemar, Cochrane, One-way ANOVA and general linear model. Results: ESWL was found to elicit new or worsened electrocardiogram changes in 66.7 percent patients with no previous cardiac disease. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the presence of ventricular premature contractions and analgesic drugs (p
SA HOSSEINI
Volume 11, Issue 4 , January and February 2005, , Pages 21-27
Abstract
Purpose: As no mathematically - based study was conducted so far, we decided to conduct this study to mathematically compare the absorbed doses of radiation.
Methods and Material: Seven radiology centers were selected in Gonbad, Golestan to include 140 patients (with confidence level of 95%) for 11 ...
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Purpose: As no mathematically - based study was conducted so far, we decided to conduct this study to mathematically compare the absorbed doses of radiation.
Methods and Material: Seven radiology centers were selected in Gonbad, Golestan to include 140 patients (with confidence level of 95%) for 11 techniques of x-ray such as skull, shoulder, lang, upper and lower digestive tract, hand feet, back and neck. Required data were gathered by a questionnaire focusing on mAs, Kvp, FSD and other items.
Results: Findings of the study revealed a decrease in the absorbed dose of the body surface with various techniques without distortion of the film. ANOVA revealed no significant difference between the means.
Conclusion: these findings are not adequate thus requiring a consideration of all factors involved in reduction of the absorbed dose if a mathematical model is to be suggested.
MR HAMEDINIA; R ASKARI
Volume 12, Issue 3 , September and October 2005, , Pages 22-27
Abstract
Purpose: Many researches have been conducted on the relationship between exercise and immune system but few have focused on the effect of physical fitness programs on the system. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the influence of a 12-week program on such markers as IgG, neutrophils, ...
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Purpose: Many researches have been conducted on the relationship between exercise and immune system but few have focused on the effect of physical fitness programs on the system. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the influence of a 12-week program on such markers as IgG, neutrophils, lymphocytes and serum cortisol at rest in athletic students.
Method and Materials: In this study, 11 athletic students (age 22.02±2 years, weight 61.2±5.3 Kg and stature 174±4.45 cm) voluntarily participated as the experimental group and 11 nonathletic students (age 22.5±2.5 years, weight 62.1±6.2 Kg and stature 173±3.5 cm) voluntarily participated as the control group. Blood samples were collected at rest from athletic students before physical fitness training. The program included resistance, speed and endurance training with intensity 65–100% maximal HR. After 12 weeks, blood samples were collected from both groups.
Results: Dependent and independent t-test analysis indicated that physical fitness training did not significantly change serum IgG and cortisol at rest (p>0.81 and p>0.65 respectively). It significantly decreased neutrophils and increased lymphocytes (p
D ZARE; K EMAD ZADEH; H ANSARI HADIPOUR; M MARDANEH; A FARHANGI; SM ATYABI; D NOUROUZIAN; MR MEHRABI; A AKBARZADEH
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March and April 2007, , Pages 23-31
Abstract
Background and purpose: Morphine vaccine is a product of morphine-6- succinate synthesis and its conjugation with albumin serum. Each dose contains 0.5 mg Aluminum hydroxide, 8 mg sodium chloride, 1.12 mg di- sodium hydrogen phosphate, 1.1 mg sodium di- hydrogen phosphate and 50 mg morphine-6- succinate ...
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Background and purpose: Morphine vaccine is a product of morphine-6- succinate synthesis and its conjugation with albumin serum. Each dose contains 0.5 mg Aluminum hydroxide, 8 mg sodium chloride, 1.12 mg di- sodium hydrogen phosphate, 1.1 mg sodium di- hydrogen phosphate and 50 mg morphine-6- succinate albumin serum. Humoral safety is achieved in morphine addicts following three successive doses within 0-30- 60-day intervals. Its immunogenicity brings about withdrawal without the risk of abstinence syndrome. This study was conducted to examine the effect morphine vaccine on morphine addicts.
Methods and Materials: Based on the Ethics protocol of Pasteur Institute of Iran, this clinical trial was conducted on 102 male volunteer addicts (mean age 25 years). Variables included vaccine dosage and concentration on of antibodies. Volunteers were divided into groups of 30 (experimental) and 4 (placebo).
Adjuant was injected to placebo group addicts; the three experimental groups were given 5, 12, 100 and 600 mg within 0- 30-60 days interval through injection to deltoid; all subjects referred for follow-up on the 90th day. Blood samples and antibody evaluation was obtained from all three groups in months 5, 7, 9, 11 and 12.
Results: A positive correlation was observed between antibody production and vaccine dosage as well as frequency of injection.
Anti-morphine antibody was detected after the first injection of 100mg/ml, 600mg/ml and second injection of 12.5mg/ml doses.
Antibody levels reached the peak by three months and did not decline to the baseline after one year
Conclusion: the vaccine was well tolerated and lacked the reverse and unfavorable effects, characteristic of vaccines and drugs. On day 90, humoral immunity was created in all patients.
Mehdi Hedayati; Raha Norafshar; Forooghazam Taleban; Hadi Tabibi; Akram Kooshki
Volume 16, Issue 1 , March and April 2009, , Pages 25-34
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Research on non-hemodialysis patients has shown that ω3-fatty acid supplement can reduce the concentration of serum Lp(a). Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the effects of ω3-fatty acid supplement on serum lipids and lipoproteins in hemodialysis patients. ...
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Background and Purpose: Research on non-hemodialysis patients has shown that ω3-fatty acid supplement can reduce the concentration of serum Lp(a). Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the effects of ω3-fatty acid supplement on serum lipids and lipoproteins in hemodialysis patients. Methods and Materials: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 hemodialysis patients in 2008 in Vase’i Hospital in Sabzevar Iran; they were randomly assigned to either ω3-fatty acid supplement or placebo group. Patients in the ω3-fatty acid supplement group received 2080 mg ω3-fatty acid daily as 4 capsules while the placebo group received 4 corresponding placebo capsules containing MCT oil. At baseline and the end of week 10 of the study 5 ml blood samples were collected from each patient after a 12 to 14-hour fasting before dialysis; their serum triglyceride total cholesterol LDL-C HDL-C and Lp(a) were measured. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Chi-square t-test paired t-test and ANOVA. Results: Serum triglyceride concentration were 11332 and 10919 in the supplement and placebo groups respectively in the beginning; the amounts decreased to 10125 and 11517 at the end of week 10. The reduction was significant in the supplement group (p
Nadia Banihashem; Bahman Hasan nasab; Babak Nemati; Vahid Hosseini; Borhaneh Hasan nasab
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March and April 2013, , Pages 25-33
Abstract
Background: Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is a easy and reliable method for extremity injuries. To improve block quality, decrease tourniquet pain and postoperative analgesia different drugs has been used as an adjuvant in IVRA. In this study, we evaluated the effect of nitroglycerin (NTG) in ...
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Background: Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is a easy and reliable method for extremity injuries. To improve block quality, decrease tourniquet pain and postoperative analgesia different drugs has been used as an adjuvant in IVRA. In this study, we evaluated the effect of nitroglycerin (NTG) in quality improvement when added to lidocaine and Meperidine as an adjuvant in IVRA. Materials and Methods: Fifthly patient with upper extremity injury under IVRA were randomly and blindly to two groups. Under identical condition, control group received total dose of 200 mg lidocaine and 20 mg Meperidine diluted with saline (40cc) and study group received 200 mg lidocaine and 20 mg Meperidine plus 200g Nitroglycerine. Onset time, anesthesia quality, tourniquet pain and analgesic use were assessed during surgery. After tourniquet deflation, the time to first analgesic requirement and side effect were noted.
Results: The sensory block onset time were shortened in study groups (3.7 1.1 vs 5.1 1.3 ) (P=0.004).Intraoperative pain score and quality of analgesic were not different between two groups and fentanyl requirement was similar. The onset of postoperative pain were similar in study and control groups.[78.79(61.28-92.23)vs 52.28(35.07-73.448)].(P=0.29). Conclusion: Addition of Nitroglycerine to lidocaine and Meperidine in intravenous regional anesthesia shortens onset times of sensory block but is not improved the quality of intraoperative analgesia and postoperative pain in patients undergoing hand surgery.
Mehdi Rabiee; Lotfollah Karimi; Nematollah Shomoossi; Mohsen Ahmadi Tahoor
Volume 18, Issue 1 , March and April 2011, , Pages 26-32
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Patients whit body dysmorphic disorders have dysfunctional negative thoughts about their physical appearance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metacognitive intervention on body dysmorphic disorder in a 20-year-old male case.
Methods and Materials: ...
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Background and Purpose: Patients whit body dysmorphic disorders have dysfunctional negative thoughts about their physical appearance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metacognitive intervention on body dysmorphic disorder in a 20-year-old male case.
Methods and Materials: This case study used the single case experimental design to reduce the symptoms of a male patient with BDD diagnosis. To collect the data، the client completed the questionnaire in pre-test (as a base-line)، last treatment session (as the post-test)، and six months after treatment (follow-up): Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD (YBOCS-BDD)، Thought Fusion Instrument (TFI)، Body Dysmorphic Metacognition Questionnaire (BDMCQ)، and Beck Anxiety inventory (BAI). For data analysis، the data chart analysis and graphical methods were used and based on the ascending and descending trend of the scores، effectiveness of the intervention was judged.
Results: The scores for the pre-test، post-test، and follow–up examinations were 30، 10، and 10، respectively. His scores of the TFI were 820، 100، and 120، respectively. Finally، the scores for BDMCQ came up to be 45، 10، and 11، respectively، and the scores for (BAI) were: 47-16-18 respectively. Based on the clinical significance measures، the reduction of the symptoms was significant.
Conclusion: The metacognitive intervention is effective in reducing the symptoms of the body dysmorphic disorder.
L NAJAR; A PEZHHAN; A HEYDARI
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March and April 2008, , Pages 26-32
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Hypertension is a common but asymptomatic disease which is easily traced and treated. However if left untreated deadly complications and high costs of treatment should be expected. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hypertension in the urban population of ...
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Background and Purpose: Hypertension is a common but asymptomatic disease which is easily traced and treated. However if left untreated deadly complications and high costs of treatment should be expected. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hypertension in the urban population of Sabzevar Iran. Methods and Materials: This deh1ive cross-sectional study was conducted on the population of urban families supported by the health centers in Sabzevar Iran. 596 cases (age 19 years or older) were selected by stratified sampling. In addition to filling out the study questionnaire the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the cases were measured by the standard method using Alpk2 sphygmomanometer and Litman stethescope. The hypertension threshold was considered as 140/90. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the data and chi-square was used for the analysis in SPSS. Results: The prevalence of the systolic and diastolic BP hypertensions were 21.5% and 25.8% respectively and the prevalence was higher with women rather than men (p
NA HAJIKHANI; Z ABBASPOUR; P AFSHARI
Volume 12, Issue 2 , July and August 2005, , Pages 26-30
Abstract
Background and purpose: Nowadays due to increase in women's life expectancy, women at least live one third of their lives after menopause. Menopause is usually accompanied with some early and late symptoms, which lead to decline the quality of daily activity of women. So concerning the increase in elderly ...
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Background and purpose: Nowadays due to increase in women's life expectancy, women at least live one third of their lives after menopause. Menopause is usually accompanied with some early and late symptoms, which lead to decline the quality of daily activity of women. So concerning the increase in elderly rate in the world especially in our country (Iran), prevention and treatment of these symptoms by natural therapeutic agents are obviously important. This study has been designed to examine the vitex effects on early menopause symptoms, kupperman's index and the rate of side effects in vitex group and placebo group.
Methods and materials: This study is a blind clinical trial conducted on 100 menopausal teachers aged 45-60 years old, who were working in girl's school in Sari, Iran. This sample population had the required characteristics for participating in this study and they were volunteer for treatment if they had hot flushes and others menopause symptoms. Sampling method was based on study objective, so we divided the sampling population into two equal, (control and case) groups. The two groups were given 40 drops of vitex or placebo per day for 2 cycles continuously. Required data were collected by interview, individual characteristics questionnaire and Kupperman's index in two phases before the treatment and eight phases after the treatment. Finally there was 25 persons in case group and 16 persons in control group for statistical analysis and the others were excluded from study because of bad taste of drug and other problems.
Results: The intensity 6f hot flushes among the two groups after 2 weeks of treatment, based on Manwittny test, had a significant statistical difference (p=0.015). The frequency of hot flushes per day in these groups after 2 weeks of treatment, based on T test with independent sample, were of significant statistical difference (p=0.015). Regarding Kupperman's index in these two groups after 3 weeks of treatment by means of T test with independent sample analysis, It indicated that there is a significant statistical difference (p=0.001). Also the results showed that complete recovery rate from hot flushes after eight weeks in drug group was %80 and in placebo group %12.5 and there was significant statistical variation in two groups concerning the side effects of drug (p=0.012).
Conclusion: Vitex can reduce the intensity and frequency of hot flushes per day and regarding Kupperman's index. Vitex may reduce some other early symptoms of menopause, but there are some unimportant side effects like nausea and flatulence. So vitex could be used as a natural therapeutic agent for treatment of early menopause symptoms in subjects who can't tolerate hormone therapy.
Zahra Emami Moghaddam; Hamidreza Behnam Vashani; Zahra Younesi; Farzaneh Hasanzadeh
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March and April 2012, , Pages 26-33
Abstract
Background: Infants often undergo painful procedures such as vaccination and blood sampling. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and breastfeeding methods may be desirable in order to create positive interaction between mother and child. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the analgesic effect ...
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Background: Infants often undergo painful procedures such as vaccination and blood sampling. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and breastfeeding methods may be desirable in order to create positive interaction between mother and child. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the analgesic effect of KMC and breastfeeding methods during immunization injections in infants.
Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 180 infants undergoing DPT vaccination were divided randomly into three groups. Breastfeeding was performed from 2 minutes before, during, and one minute after the injection in breastfeeding group, while kangaroo mother care started 10 minutes before the injection and continued for one minute after the injection in KMC group. Symptoms associated with pain were evaluated using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), crying time, and latency to cry.
Results: The mean severity of pain was 3.5±1.53, 4.38±1.37, and 5.43±0.96 in breastfeeding, KMC, and control groups, respectively, and their difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean crying times for breastfeeding, KMC, and control groups were 34.62±14.40 s, 49.87±26.57 s, and 61.17±22.08 s, respectively, which were significantly different (p
Marziyeh Vaezy; HamidReza Aghamohamadian; Bahram Ali Ghanbari
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 27-32
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The effect of stress on diabetes is a complex issue but its relationship with blood sugar level and diabetes control has been clarified. The present study was carried out to compare the stressor and coping strategies in subjects with diabetes and normal subjects. Methods and Materials: ...
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Background and Purpose: The effect of stress on diabetes is a complex issue but its relationship with blood sugar level and diabetes control has been clarified. The present study was carried out to compare the stressor and coping strategies in subjects with diabetes and normal subjects. Methods and Materials: This case-control study was conducted on diabetic and normal subjects, including 30 subjects with diabetes and 30 normal subjects. Research instruments were daily stressors assessment questionnaire and the ways of coping with stress questionnaire. Independent t-test in SPSS was used for testing the hypotheses. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were 0.88 and 0.84 respectively. Results: There was a significant difference between frequency of stressors in subjects with diabetes (mean 307.33) compared to normal subjects (mean 173.2) (p
F NAGHSHVAR; S PEYVANDI; AR KHALILIAN; ZH TORABI ZADEH; S SABBAGH SAJADIEH
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March and April 2006, , Pages 27-32
Abstract
Background and purpose: FSH (Follicle stimulating Hormone) is a glycopeptid hormone released from anterior pituitary and is associated with ovarian function. Due to its daily and monthly cyclicity, successive sampling is used for certainty.
Because of the kydney intervention in gradual releasing FSH, ...
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Background and purpose: FSH (Follicle stimulating Hormone) is a glycopeptid hormone released from anterior pituitary and is associated with ovarian function. Due to its daily and monthly cyclicity, successive sampling is used for certainty.
Because of the kydney intervention in gradual releasing FSH, random and morning urinary sample was considered in menopausic and non-menopausic women.
Methods and Materials: 50 woman with ages 35-60 years old participated in the study. The participants had not ured oral contraceptives, had normal renal function and were admitted for hysterectomy, due to benign illnesses, at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran. Frequcut sampling and random blood sample were taken a day before surgery by research aids blind to the participants menopausal status. FSH was measured through radio immunoassay and its correlation (gold standard) was obtained with each urinary sample in both groups. Sensitivity and specificity was studied.
Results: Out of 47 cases admitted, 37 cases were monmenopausic with FSH less than 20 mlu/ml and 10 cases were menopausic with FSH more than 40 mlu/ml; 3 cases were ruled out because their FSH levels were not ascertained. FSh correlation with random and morning urinary samples were 31% and 84% respectiviely in nou-monopausic cases. In the second group, 68% and 77% were observed respectively. The sensitivity and specifity in random urine sample were 100% and 97% respectively; while in morning samples, they were both 100%.
Conclusion: According to the findings, high correlations were observed between serum FSH and morning sample in menopausic cases, as well as with random sample. Also because of the satisfactory specificity and sensitivity of FSH measurement with urine samples, it is possible to replace floquent sampling with one morning sample in pathological and physiological instances. This method is non- invasive, simple and cheap.
K MIRZAKHANI; N JAHANI SHOORAB; M ,HASAN ZADEH
Volume 12, Issue 1 , March and April 2005, , Pages 27-31
Abstract
Background and purpose: Labor pain is considered as one of the most beautiful phenomenon, causing anxiety in mothers and in most cases a reason for elective cesarean section. Analgesics such as entonox are now common in pain relief and this study is intended to answer the patients on the possible complications ...
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Background and purpose: Labor pain is considered as one of the most beautiful phenomenon, causing anxiety in mothers and in most cases a reason for elective cesarean section. Analgesics such as entonox are now common in pain relief and this study is intended to answer the patients on the possible complications and degree of pain relief using this procedure.
Methods and Materials: In order to determine the effect of entonox on labor pain, 35 pregnant women (16-35 years old age; gravid 1-7) were objectively selected from among women referring to 9th Dey Maternity Hospital in Torbat Heidariyyeh, Iran. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, mean pain score (3 contractions) was determined through a visual pain scale two times: once before entonox and once after nitroxide inhalation.
Results: 1st and 5th minute APGAR were reported to be 8.32±0.7 and 9.92±0.7 respectively. Noatony was observed in the subjects. Pain score dropped to 7.1±1.01 upon nitroxide inhalation. 60% of the patients expressed low satisfaction and only 8.4% expressed perfect satisfaction of the entonox method.
Conclusion: It seems that the treatment staff is to provide realistic expectations for mothers and the expression of pain relief is preferred to analgesia in this regard.
M PILEVARZADEH; S SALARI; N SHAFIEE
Volume 11, Issue 4 , January and February 2005, , Pages 27-33
Abstract
Purpose: Nurses often look for ways to help control pain and stress following surgery and diseases while massage therapy is considered a comprehensive procedure to help patients cope with their disease and lower their anxiety. This study was intended to investigate the effects of short - term myofascial ...
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Purpose: Nurses often look for ways to help control pain and stress following surgery and diseases while massage therapy is considered a comprehensive procedure to help patients cope with their disease and lower their anxiety. This study was intended to investigate the effects of short - term myofascial trigger massage therapy to head, neck and shoulder areas on physiological parameters and relaxation.
Methods and Material: In this experimental study, the subjects were originally homogenized as for their age and sex and then assigned randomly into control and experimental groups. 40 subjects (half male and half female) with mean age of 21.5±1.8 (for males) and 20±1.4 (for females) participated in the study. For five minutes, their pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as their conception of muscular tension and psychological status before and after the intervention were recorded.
Results: After massage therapy of myofacial trigger points, considerable reduction in the heart rate (P
SA EBRAHIMZADEH; M RAHIMI HAJIABADI
Volume 11, Issue 3 , September and October 2004, , Pages 27-33
Abstract
Osteoporosis is most common osteoporosis causing increased disability and mortality in the elderly. Many medicinal and non-medicinal treatments have been suggested for the prevention of the progressive loss of the bones and treatment of the loss of bone mineral density by preventing bone wasting or enhancing ...
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Osteoporosis is most common osteoporosis causing increased disability and mortality in the elderly. Many medicinal and non-medicinal treatments have been suggested for the prevention of the progressive loss of the bones and treatment of the loss of bone mineral density by preventing bone wasting or enhancing bone generation in menopausic women and the elderly. Although single drug treatment is preferred, combination therapy is suggested in most studies. In the present study, combination therapy with alendronate, calcium and vitamin D together with regular exercise was prescribed for 66 patients with osteoporosis complication. Bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score were measured before and after therapy in all patients. After treatment for 14.21 ± 4.7 months, significant increases were observed in BMD by 1.52 ± 4.48, 2.5 ± 4.68 and 2.6 ± 4.17 precent in pelvis, spine and forearm respectively. Significant increases were also observed in T-score of pelvis, spine and forearm by 0.115 ± 0.39, 0.149 ± 0.3 and 1.34 ± 0.5 respectively. Therefore, the efficacy of combination therapy in the treatment of osteoporosis is verified and suggested to be applied if economic and medical conditions of the patient demand.
Mostafa EnayatRad; Hamid Salehinia
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 27-35
Abstract
Background and purpose: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer and first leading cause of death among women. Since having knowledge about breast cancer incidence trends over time is essential for health planning, this study was aimed at investigating variation in the incidence of breast cancer.
Materials ...
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Background and purpose: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer and first leading cause of death among women. Since having knowledge about breast cancer incidence trends over time is essential for health planning, this study was aimed at investigating variation in the incidence of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: This study is a reanalysis of existing data published by cancer registry system of Iran during 2003 to 2009. The reported incidence of WHO standards are based on the direct method.
Results: According to registry statistics between 2003 and 2009 breast cancer incidence among women has increased as 3946 and 8424 cases were recorded in years 2003 and 8424 respectively. . Over mentioned years the number of breast cancer cases recorded in the country was 45122, in which 43922 cases have occurred among women. The Highest ASR was reported about 33/21 in year 2008 and the lowest was reported about 15/96 in year 2003 (cases per hundred thousand people) ,The highest and lowest recorded incidence rates appertain to Tehran and Kohkiloye and Boyer Ahmad. Cancer registry statistics during 2003 to 2009 indicate that cancer incidence peak age is around 50-55 years or more.
Conclusions: Breast cancer incidence rate has been increasing in recent years, as the most common malignancy among women in Iran. The incidence of the disease is rising considerably in the country, especially in the central and Northern provinces; therefore, planning for early detection of cancer in high-risk areas would be useful.
AR HAKEMI; K EGHBALI; M ISSAPOUR
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January and February 2006, , Pages 28-33
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Urinary stones are the third most common cause of urinary tract disorders and hypercalciuria is reported in 30% to 55% of patients. Therefore, this study is intended to study the serum and urine calcium in patients with urinary stone formation in khorasan, Iran.
Methods and Materials: ...
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Background and Purpose: Urinary stones are the third most common cause of urinary tract disorders and hypercalciuria is reported in 30% to 55% of patients. Therefore, this study is intended to study the serum and urine calcium in patients with urinary stone formation in khorasan, Iran.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from 2003 summer through 2005 spring on 100 patients (case) and 51 non-patients (control). Relevant data were collected through questionnaire, serum calcium measurement (morning blood sampling) and urinary calcium measurement (24-hour urine collection).
Results: Hypercalciuria was observed in 9% of the case group and 2% of the control group. No significant difference was observed in the urinary calcium of the two groups. (2.23±1.07 vs. 2.13±1.10 mg per kg body weight/24 hours). Hypocalcaemia was detected in one of the cases but in the control group, nobody was so. Also, no significant differences were observed in the serum calcium of the two groups (9.07±0.68 vs. 9.13±0.64 mg/dl).
Conclusion: Compared with references and recent publication, regional hypercaliuria is obviously lower and it is inferred that empirical therapy to prevent stone formation by reducing calcium has no therapeutic role. There seems no need for routine examination of serum calcium.
M MAK VANDI; M FATAHI ABDIZADE; AR SAMARBAFZADEH
Volume 12, Issue 3 , September and October 2005, , Pages 28-33
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Type a influenza virus causes infection in man, avian and primates. It has recently been reported that avian H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes were transferred to man. The purpose of the study is, therefore, to investigate the probability of H9N2 transmission from poultry to people engaged ...
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Background and Purpose: Type a influenza virus causes infection in man, avian and primates. It has recently been reported that avian H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes were transferred to man. The purpose of the study is, therefore, to investigate the probability of H9N2 transmission from poultry to people engaged in poultry farming industries.
Methods and material: In this study, serological tests were carried out on 100 blood samples of contacted cases and special antibody of H9N2 subtype was measured by hemagglutination inhibition. Also, the sensitivity and specificity of the prepared ELISA test kit were measured in comparison with the standard method of hemagglutination inhibition. Out of 100 HI tests, 45 cases were normally selected and measured by ELISA.
Results: 66 percent of contacted cases had the specific H9N2 antibody. ELISA specificity and sensitivity, in comparison with HI, were 20% and 87.5% respectively.
Conclusion: The Presence of H9N2 antibody in the subject's serum suggest the prevalence of H9N2 virus among poultry, its transfer to people exposed and the possibility of their infection. Also, diagnosis influenza H9N2 antibody.
Masoud Fallahi Khosknab; Kian Novrozi Tabrizi; Soghra Afkand; Poriya Reza Soltani
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 28-35
Abstract
Aims: Long-term use of hemodialysis affects all sides of hemodialysis patients and was caused disease and disturbances such as anxiety in them. This study aimed to determine the effect of multi-dimensional model of psychiatric rehabilitation care on anxiety in hemodialysis patients.
Methods: This ...
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Aims: Long-term use of hemodialysis affects all sides of hemodialysis patients and was caused disease and disturbances such as anxiety in them. This study aimed to determine the effect of multi-dimensional model of psychiatric rehabilitation care on anxiety in hemodialysis patients.
Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study of two groups before and after hemodialysis on 35 patients of Razi hospital in Rasht (test group) and 35 hemodialysis patients from Bandar Anzali martyr Beheshti hospital (control group), in 1390 which were done on sampling method on purpose. Intervention was based psychiatric rehabilitation of multi-dimensional model in the form of a group and with the presence of a physician, nurse, psychologist and nutritionist and comprehensive client and family and with consideration of physical, mental, social and spiritual of patients, was carried out for three months. The tool includes a demographic questionnaire and Zung self-evaluation anxiety (SAS) which were measured three months before and after intervention. Then the data using SPSS 16 software and descriptive statistic, paired t-test, independent t-test, Chi-square and Fisher test were analyzed.
Results: Data analysis between the mean anxiety score of samples before (48/40±3/972) and after the intervention (42/57±6/331) showed significant difference (p
S NAGHIBI
Volume 12, Issue 2 , July and August 2005, , Pages 31-35
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The diagnosis of obstructive jaundice entails the rapid examination of the patient for the causes and following a treatment protocol. Imaging is one of the most useful diagnostic methods, ultrasonography and CT scan being the most common. Despite the advantages of ultra sonography, ...
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Background and Purpose: The diagnosis of obstructive jaundice entails the rapid examination of the patient for the causes and following a treatment protocol. Imaging is one of the most useful diagnostic methods, ultrasonography and CT scan being the most common. Despite the advantages of ultra sonography, CT scanning has been popularized due to diagnostic limitations of the latter. Therefore, this study investigates the diagnostic value of CT scanning.
Methods and Materials: 23 patients with obstructive jaundice under went CT scan, the results of which were compared with postoperative biopsies and its sensitivity was calculated.
Results: 52.2% of the patients were mule and the rest female; their auerage age was 58:t19.4years. The most common causes reported in CT scan were Liver metastasis, pancreatic mass, Choledocal stone hydatic cyst, cholangiocarcinoma, gall bladder stone, Cirrhosis and stricture in distal choledoc. The CT sensitivity of all patients was 63.6%.lt was 66.7% for Choledocal stone, 71.4% for pancreatic mass and 100% for liver metastasis.
Conclusion: CT scan is an effective method of high sensitivity for diagnosing the level of obstruction in jaundice. Also, it is of high diagnostic accuracy for viewing the liver structure and if performed with IV contrast, it will be of valuable help in distinguishing between vascular structures from bile ducts.
MB ARDESHIR LARIJANI; H RAMIN; A LASHKARI; P SHOUSHTARIZADEH; V HAGHPANAH; SM TAVANGAR
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March and April 2007, , Pages 32-37
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Surviving is one of the eight members of the human inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP), which appears to be differentially expressed in cancer cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical usefulness of survivin immunostaining to distinguish between follicular adenoma and ...
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Background and Purpose: Surviving is one of the eight members of the human inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP), which appears to be differentially expressed in cancer cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical usefulness of survivin immunostaining to distinguish between follicular adenoma and carcinoma of thyroid.
Methods and Materials: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical research. The study population was tissue samples from surgery patients at Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran. All samples were studied through immunohistochemical staining for surviving.
Results: Surviving expression was significantly (p
GH.R MORTAZAVI MOGHADAM
Volume 12, Issue 1 , March and April 2005, , Pages 32-36
Abstract
Background and purpose: Despite multiple interactions between diabetes melitus and reproductive function, little studies compare the natural history of menstrual cycles and reproductive functions in women with and without type II diabetes.
Methods and materials: To compare these characteristics, a retrospective, ...
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Background and purpose: Despite multiple interactions between diabetes melitus and reproductive function, little studies compare the natural history of menstrual cycles and reproductive functions in women with and without type II diabetes.
Methods and materials: To compare these characteristics, a retrospective, descriptive, epidemiological study was conducted on women with cessation of menstruation for at least one year at the end of reproductive years who were aged 40 years and over and was living in Birjand in 2002. The standard cluster sampling technique was used and a total 810 menopausal women were recruited from nine health care centers. Data were collected using an interviewing questionnaire. Overt Diabetes was determined by history taking. Statistical measures were t and chi-square test.
Results: Of the total 810 samples, the complete questionnaire was obtained from 807 subjects. Of the total at postmenopausal age subjects, 98 (12%) were classified as diabetic and 709 (88%) nondiabetic. The mean age in total population was 58.91±8.4, with mean age of 47.19±5.31 years at menopause. Mean age at menopause was 48.5±5.53 in diabetic and 47±5.27 in non-diabetic (p
Ahmad Allahabadi; AliAkbar Azimi; Naser Mehrdadi; Abolfazl Rahmani Sani; Ali Torabian
Volume 18, Issue 1 , March and April 2011, , Pages 33-40
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Subsurface flow wetlands are one of the successful treatment methods used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment، and are economical in terms of energy consumption and workforce. Much research has been conducted on wetland operation output in wastewater treatment، ...
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Background and Purpose: Subsurface flow wetlands are one of the successful treatment methods used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment، and are economical in terms of energy consumption and workforce. Much research has been conducted on wetland operation output in wastewater treatment، but no enough information is available on their start-up and maintenance. The present study investigates the circumstance of starting up and implementing a wetland.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، two subsurface flow wetlands with a two-day detention time and two pretreatment units were built. The former was similar to Primary Settling tank with a 4-hour detention time and the latter was similar to anaerobic pond equipped a with digestion pit with a two-day detention time in a pilot scale. The wastewater (BoD5 = 250 mg/l، Tss=320 mg.l and ph=7.2) from municipal network in Sabzevar، Iran was used for irrigation; the pilot implementation and maintenance took one year.
Results: Pilot operation indicated that the principal factors in implementing subsurface flow wetland were temperature، non-penetrateability of the bed، and wastewater ingredients. However، pretreatment and bed obstruction were the limiting parameters of the wetland maintenance.
Conclusion: Pretreatment of the subsurface flow of wetlands does not yield a high output; and if anaerobic ponds equipped with digestion pits are used، the treatment output is significantly enhanced، and the wetland operation will face minimum barriers.
Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi; GhloamHossein Hasanshahi; Narges Yaghini; Reza Nosratabadi; Vahid Pooladvand; Ali Shamsizadeh
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 33-38
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cytokines are among the many immune system factors involved in diabetes pathogenesis. The level of cytokines expression such as IFN-y is varying in individuals and societies. Due to the fact that diabetes nephropathies are known as inflammatory disorders and the role of cytokines ...
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Background and Purpose: Cytokines are among the many immune system factors involved in diabetes pathogenesis. The level of cytokines expression such as IFN-y is varying in individuals and societies. Due to the fact that diabetes nephropathies are known as inflammatory disorders and the role of cytokines especially IFN-g in the establishment of inflammations is well understood, the present study was aimed to examine serum level of IFN-y in type 2 diabetes patients with nephropathy complications. Material and methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study, serum samples were obtained from 100 type 2 diabetes patients with nephropathy and 100 healthy controls for the analysis of IFN-g serum level (eBiosense, ESP). Consent forms were also filled out by patients and healthy controls according to the rules and regulations of Zahedan Islamic Azad University Ethical Committee. The obtained data and questionnaires were analyzed in SPSS using ANOVA; p
NS KARIMAN; M ASL TOUGHIRI; A GHALEHEIHA; AA AKBARI; H ALAVI MAJD
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March and April 2008, , Pages 33-39
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Women are subject to postpartum depression in the childbearing age which is associated with aerious somplications for the mother infant and the family. Its cause is not known. Many studies have the effect of psychosocial factors in this regard but there is meager information on ...
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Background and Purpose: Women are subject to postpartum depression in the childbearing age which is associated with aerious somplications for the mother infant and the family. Its cause is not known. Many studies have the effect of psychosocial factors in this regard but there is meager information on the biological grounds. Recently anemia has been on the focus as causing depression. This study was conducted to determine the the relationship between anemia and postpartum depression.
Methods and Materials: This prospective descripe-anlytical study was conducted on the population of women admitted to the Fatemiyyeh Health Center affiliated to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2006. The study sample included 159 normal (non depressed confirmed by the Beck test) pregnant women who were selected by convenient non-probability methods. With a gestational age of 38-40 weeks they were divided into two groups of anemics and non-anemics by their hemoglubin levels (measured by Cyan Matt). They were homegenized as for the confounders. On the 7th and 28th days after labor their hemoglubin was measred again. On the 28th day they completed the Edinburgh Questionnaire. The relationship between their postpartum depression and anemia was assessed three times. Chi-square t-test Mann Whitney and the relative risk tests were used in SPSS to analyze the obatained data.
Results: 14.6% of the non-anemics and 38.6% of the anemics (measured on the 38-40 weeks) were found t obe depressed on the 28th day after delivery and anemia had increased the chances of postpartum depression by 1.8 times 14.8% of the non-anemics and 35.9% of the anemics (measured on the 7th day after labor) were depressed on the 28th day and anemia had increased the chances of postpartum depression by 1.7 times. Also 11.5% of the non-anemics and 46% of the anemics (measured on the 28th day after labor) were depressed after labor. Anemia had increased the chances of postpartum depression by 2.5 times.
Conclusion: It seems that anemia in the 38-40 weeks of gestation on the 7th and 28th days after labor can increase the likelihood of postpartum depression.