Mahdi Baranvand; Hosein Honari
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 688-697
Abstract
Background The intestinal infection caused by Shigella and Escherichia coli is known as a bioterrorist agent. IpaD and STx proteins play an important role in the invasion and angiogenesis by Shigella. Therefore, IpaD with STxB can be appropriate candidates for a safety vaccine. In this study the immunogenicity ...
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Background The intestinal infection caused by Shigella and Escherichia coli is known as a bioterrorist agent. IpaD and STx proteins play an important role in the invasion and angiogenesis by Shigella. Therefore, IpaD with STxB can be appropriate candidates for a safety vaccine. In this study the immunogenicity of STxB and combined STxB-IpaD nanocapsule recombinant proteins has been examined in the form of oral and injection in mice.Methods & Materials In this experimental study, pET28a(+) vectors containing stxB and stxB-ipaD genes were transformed into E. coli BL21 DE3 bacteria. These bacteria were grown on antibiotic medium and were confirmed by direct PCR, and protein expression and SDS-PAGE gel. Recombinant proteins purified by nickel column and SDS-PAGE gel and were confirmed by immunoblotting. STxB and STxB-IpaD recombinant proteins become nanoparticles by inotropic gelation method with chitosan polymer and its picture was taken by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). STxB and STxB-IpaD nanocapsule antigens prescript in the form of oral and injection four time to mice and their antibodies titer and immunogenicity were monitored. Results By performing ELISA test, IgG antibody titer was detected by injection method but not in oral method, maybe due to loss of nanoparticle structure and antigens in acidic environment and trypsin enzyme of stomach. Immunized mice’s with STxB and STxB-IpaD recombinant proteins with inotropic gel method were able to tolerance order up to 7 and 10 times the E. coli O157: H7 Shiga toxin LD50.Conclusion STxB and STxB-IpaD protein nanoparticles can be used as safety injection adjuvant for immunogenesis against the E. coli O157: H7 Shiga toxin.
Health and environment
Parisa Baratpour; Seyed Gholamreza Moussavi; Ahmad Alahabadi; Sakine Shekoohiyan
Volume 26, Issue 6 , March and April 2020, , Pages 797-807
Abstract
Background & Objective: With industrial development and population growth, the emerging contaminants enter into the natural water resources. Therefore, in this study Adsorption potential of NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) was investigated to remove antibiotic sulfanilamide from contaminated ...
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Background & Objective: With industrial development and population growth, the emerging contaminants enter into the natural water resources. Therefore, in this study Adsorption potential of NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) was investigated to remove antibiotic sulfanilamide from contaminated water.Materials &Methods: The effect of operational conditions including solution pH, NAC concentration, sulfanilamide initial concentration and contact time were studied. Results: NAC and SAC had specific surface area of 1029, 1024 and mean pore volume of 2.64, 2.23nm, respectively. With increasing the NAC concentration to 1 g/L, sulfanilamide adsorption efficiency increased to 84.4% within 40 min. Then the adsorption slightly increased with the increase in the contact time to 120 min and reached to its maximum adsorption of 99.2%. The maximum adsorption percentage of sulfanilamide onto SAC under similar conditions reached to 49.2%. The kinetics analysis showed that experimental adsorption data for both NAC and SAC were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity of sulfanilamide onto NAC and SAC, calculated by the Langmuir model, was 238.1 and 87/7 mg/g, respectively.Conclusion: Generally, these results showed that NAC was an efficient adsorbent with high removal efficiency for eliminating the antibiotics from the contaminated water streams
Mahbobeh Khorsandi; Farzaneh Jahani; Katayon Vakilian; Hajar Sadeghi
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 842-853
Abstract
Background and Objective: One of the main sources for research in Universities is dissertations. Performing research in different majors of medicine results in improvement and better implementing of student dissertation has a special place. Knowing the challenges of conducting GP dissertations and determining ...
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Background and Objective: One of the main sources for research in Universities is dissertations. Performing research in different majors of medicine results in improvement and better implementing of student dissertation has a special place. Knowing the challenges of conducting GP dissertations and determining the administrative process problems can be helpful to modify learning program and improve the quality of education. The purpose of this study is to determine challenges in performing GP dissertation. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was done through content analysis method in 2012, and for data collection, semi-structured and deep interviews were used. Sampling was done in purposive method and continued until data saturation. For analyzing the data, conventional content analysis were used. Results: Twenty students of GP graduates participated in this study. The main categories extracted from data were educational, structural and human sources barriers which were supposed as the GP challenges, and the lack of education, educational strategy, official, economic and performing problems, supervising, lack of motivation and time deficit were considered as subcategories. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that educational, structural and human resources barriers were the most important challenges in GP dissertation process. Regarding the importance of GP dissertations as a part of research in the country, effective strategies such as shortening the process of proposal approval, increasing financial support, performing workshops for methodology and scientific writing for the students and their advisors are suggested for decreasing the problems.
genetics
Abolfazl Adli; Solmaz kholdi; Mohammadreza Behroozikhah; Mohammadmehdi Forghanifard
Volume 25, Issue 6 , November and December 2018, , Pages 895-902
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the main cause of death in women in the world. This cancer is heterogeneous and there are three types including LCIS ،(Lobular carcinoma in situ) ،(Ductal carcinoma in situ) DCIS and carcinoma. Although there are chemotherapy and surgery for its treatment, the ...
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Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the main cause of death in women in the world. This cancer is heterogeneous and there are three types including LCIS ،(Lobular carcinoma in situ) ،(Ductal carcinoma in situ) DCIS and carcinoma. Although there are chemotherapy and surgery for its treatment, the molecular mechanism help to diagnosis in the first stage. In this study we aimed to show the expression of CDX1 and CDX2 in breast cancer.Materials and methods:In this study, total RNA was extracted from 40 tumor and 40 normal tissues using RNA extraction kit. After cDNA synthesis with Takara cDNA synthesis kit, expressional analysis of CDX1 and CDX2 gene was evaluated by Real time PCR techniques.Results:Our data showed the expression of CDX1 and CDX2 gene were decreased in this cancer, 50 and 45 percent, respectively. Also our statistical analysis demonstrated the underexpression of CDX1 is correlated with tumor size.Discussion: To the best our knowledge, this is the first study that shows the expression of these gene were reduced in breast cancer. We suggest that these genes have tumor suppressor role in breast cancer and it require more studies to show the main mechanism of these genes in breast cancer
Hakimeh Akbari; Leila Elyasi; Raziyeh Akbari; Maryam Ghaempanah Tajabadi; Maliheh Amirian
Volume 22, Issue 6 , January and February 2016, , Pages 1071-1079
Abstract
Background and objective: Resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is one of the most serious problems in the field of infectious medicine that leads to in costs, adverse drug reactions and the development of resistant bacterial infections. Therefore, the present study is to investigate antibiotic ...
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Background and objective: Resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is one of the most serious problems in the field of infectious medicine that leads to in costs, adverse drug reactions and the development of resistant bacterial infections. Therefore, the present study is to investigate antibiotic before surgery in Gerash Amiralmomenin hospital in 1393. Material and methods: A random sample included 2282 patients from different departments of surgery (general and gastrointestinal, urological, orthopedic, ear, nose and throat, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, Obstetrics and Gynecology) were recruited from hospital then Using the information contained in their records and illegible medical and surgical data were asking each service professionals Result: In this study, 2177 patients had received antibiotics in the selection of antibiotics (69/88%) were correct. The most commonly used antibiotics were cefazolin in patients. Conclusion: This study showed that antibiotic prophylaxis consistent with national guidelines It is located on the upper level. The guideline recommends that for most surgery is only one type of antibiotics prescribed several medications, while at this center, the number was too Guidelines This in turn could increase drug interactions, reducing efficiency and increasing costs in the long term due to the resistance.
Health and environment
mohsen yazdani; aliasghar najafpoor; aliakbar dehghan; hosein alidadi; mahmood dankoob; Reyhane Zangi; masoume saghi; aliasghar navaei
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 143-149
Abstract
Background and objectives: among the different type of antibiotics, the tetracycline occupied the 2end level of the more prevalence types in produce and use aspect worldwide and their existence in domestic wastewater will pollute our water resources. The aim of this study was to determine the performance ...
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Background and objectives: among the different type of antibiotics, the tetracycline occupied the 2end level of the more prevalence types in produce and use aspect worldwide and their existence in domestic wastewater will pollute our water resources. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of US/UV/H2O2 processes when reduction of tetracycline antibiotic from an aqueous environment was objected. Material and methods: the current experimental study use the ultrasonic bath simultaneously with ultraviolet wave and hydrogen peroxide. To detect the effect of variables include contact time(5-60 min), the antibiotic concentration (5-25 mg/l), pH(3-10), hydrogen peroxide concentration (5-20 mg/l) and the input power (90- 300 W) of instrument in process, the reactor has been sampled in different intervals and the residue concentration to be used to detect with spectrophotometer instrument in 261 nm length wave. Results: the result have been showed that the separately use of UV and US will not take a high performance with the best removal percent of 16% and 32%. Simultaneously use of US/UV/H2O2 cached a more highly reduction in tetracycline concentration and the best reduction was 83 % removal that took place in pH= 4.5, antibiotic concentration of 10 mg/I, input power of 240 W, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 20 mg/l, time equal with 50 min. Conclusion: the result have been showed that the US/UV/H2O2 process can be used as a performance process to remove the tetracycline antibiotic from an aqueous environment.
Hossein Piri; Benyamin Alimohammadi; Fatemeh Saeedi; Firoozeh Naderi; Hasan Azhdari-Zarmehri
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May and June 2016, , Pages 151-160
Abstract
Background and Objectives: About half to one percent of the world population suffer from epilepsy.Seizure is the most common symptoms of epilepsy due to abnormal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain. Due to side effects of chemical drugs, herbal plants are widely used to control seizures. In ...
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Background and Objectives: About half to one percent of the world population suffer from epilepsy.Seizure is the most common symptoms of epilepsy due to abnormal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain. Due to side effects of chemical drugs, herbal plants are widely used to control seizures. In this study, Anticonvulsant activity of hydro-alcoholicextract of (Ziziphoratenuior L.) was investigated in mice. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male mice (25-30 g) were randomly selected and divided into five groups of 8, that included a control group (receiving saline and PTZ) and 4 treatment groups (receiving the extract doses of 150, 300, 600, 900 mg / kg). 30 minutes after IP administration with saline (in control group) and different doses of extract (in treatment groups), PTZ (80 mg/kg) were injectedAnd were transferred to a special cage immediately and convulsive behaviors were recorded by a camera during the 20 minutes. Then, the different phases of seizure were evaluated. Results: Extract injection in all doses by dose- dependently delayed the onset time of clonic, tonic and tonic-clonic seizures, but doses of 600 and 900 mg/kg had showed the greatest effect on onset time. The duration time of tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic seizures in animals that received extract also reduced. Extract injection also dose-dependently decreased the rate of mortality and the number of suddenly jumping during seizures, these effects in doses of 600 and 900 mg/kg was significant. Conclusion: Our study showed that, the hydro-alcoholicextract of (Ziziphoratenuior L.) had an appropriate anticonvulsant activity and it seems the future studies will be necessary to separate its ingredients and understand its mechanism of action.
Health and environment
Mohsen Yazdani; Hosein Alidadi; Aliakbar Dehghan; Mojtaba Davoudi; Mahmood Dankoob; Mahmoud Taghavi; Reza Ataei; Aliasghar Navaei
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 153-159
Abstract
Pistachio hull, a by-product of Pistachio processing, is a source of environmental pollution and can cause the health problems. Therefore, it must be treated by proper, sanitary and economical manners. One of the basic parameters for compost valuation is determine the amount of heavy metals. The objective ...
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Pistachio hull, a by-product of Pistachio processing, is a source of environmental pollution and can cause the health problems. Therefore, it must be treated by proper, sanitary and economical manners. One of the basic parameters for compost valuation is determine the amount of heavy metals. The objective of the present study was to determiner the concentration of heavy metals (pb, Cd, cr, Zn, Ni, Cu ) in the compost produced from mixed Pistachio Hull and livestock and Compare levels of heavy metals with the limits of international and internal standards.Material & Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional that in sampling was two-stage in September 2014 and October 2015 A total from 2 composting pile , Compound sampling based ,26sample were selected. After digestion of the samples, the concentrations of metals( Pb ,Cd, Zn,Cr,Cu,Ni) by means of atomic absorption analysis and the concentration of a component in the sample based on mg / kg dw were reported.
Psychology
Tayebeh Malmir; Malek Mirhashemi; Naser aldin Kazemi haghighi; Nasrin Bagheri
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 275-285
Abstract
Background and Objective: Achieving a healthy community depends on the health of the healthy family, provided that people have mental health and have good relationships with each other. Hence, healthy relationships between family members will certainly have positive effects. Important factors will always ...
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Background and Objective: Achieving a healthy community depends on the health of the healthy family, provided that people have mental health and have good relationships with each other. Hence, healthy relationships between family members will certainly have positive effects. Important factors will always be the source of stress. This research aims to determine the role of mediating force Psychology was about satisfaction with life with personality traits and social problem solving styles. Method: The statistical population of this study was married people who were referred to the neighborhood of Tehran in 2012, 308 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling in one and four regions. And personalization features such as SPSI-R, Life satisfaction (LSI), and Ranjara Force's questionnaire.Findings: Based on the results of path analysis, most of the direct coefficients are significant and the indirect coefficients of coping style, stability, flexibility, independence, sensitivity and association with life satisfaction are significant through the variable of mental force. Also, the direct coefficients of the median variable with the main dependent variable of the model, life satisfaction, are also significant at the level of 0.01.Discussion: The results showed that levels of life satisfaction are not just a secondary phenomenon, which is a product of the positive experiences of life or personality characteristics, and so on.
Physical Education
shima ahmadi; asghar tofighi; seyede masoumeh seyedi; alireza shirpoor
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 321-329
Abstract
Background and Objective: Abuse of anabolic steroids to increase concerns about the harmful effects of these drugs on different organs, including the kidneys has increased. Sports activities such as swimming does not modify the effects of anabolic steroids. In this study, the effects of anabolic steroids ...
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Background and Objective: Abuse of anabolic steroids to increase concerns about the harmful effects of these drugs on different organs, including the kidneys has increased. Sports activities such as swimming does not modify the effects of anabolic steroids. In this study, the effects of anabolic steroids with or without swimming the public and biochemical changes in renal tissue of rats was performed.Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 32 male rats Wistar, with an average weight of 20 ± 220 g in the form of four groups of nandrolone alone 10 mg / kg (n = 8), nandrolone and forced swim 10 mg / gr (n = 8), forced swim alone (n = 8) and controls (n = 8) were divided. In this study, urine samples were collected to measure biochemical variables. : Data obtained with the software spss version 21 Test and one-way ANOVA significant level P≤0 / 05 was performed.Results: H & E and PAS staining nandrolone decanoate + exercise groups compared with control groups and sports inflammation of the glomeruli, tubular atrophy, the number of leukocytes was more evident.Conclusion: The results of swimming exercise any impact on different parts of the kidney of male rats does not allow the use of nandrolone could be change in these sectors.Keywords: nandrolone, sports, swimming, stained H & E, coloring PAS, rats, creatinine, urea
Leila Saadat Aldaghi; Hasan Rezaee Seresht; Hamid Cheshomi
Volume 23, Issue 2 , March and April 2016, , Pages 353-359
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women so that it is the second common cancer (after lung cancer) in women. Vitex pseudo negundo is used as a traditional medicine. Recently, the biological activities of Vitex pseudo negundo plants have been reported as possessing ...
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Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women so that it is the second common cancer (after lung cancer) in women. Vitex pseudo negundo is used as a traditional medicine. Recently, the biological activities of Vitex pseudo negundo plants have been reported as possessing anticancer, antibacterial, antiulcer and antifungal properties. However, the antitumor effects of this medicine have not been studied in cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect of Vitex pseudo negundo fruit on breast cancer cell lines. Materials & Methods: Breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines were cultured in DMEM medium. Vitex pseudo negundo fruit was extracted; and different dilutions of Vitex pseudo negundo extract (5mg/mL to 100mg/mL) were added to cell culture. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay after 72 hours. Results: The findings indicate that the extract of Vitex pseudo negundo fruit on MCF7 cancer cell lines had cytotoxicity in all concentrations and the highest inhibition was 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations. Conclusion: Our study shows that Vitex pseudo negundo fruit extract has cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, It seems that Vitex pseudo negundo fruit could be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
Physical Education
Laleh Hamboshi; Elaheh Arab Ameri
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 409-417
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to explore the effect of motor independent and dependent visual perception practices ondynamic visual acuityand depth perceptions among children aged 7-8 years.Materials and methods:One hundred and seven primary school students were randomly selected through purposive ...
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Background: The present study aimed to explore the effect of motor independent and dependent visual perception practices ondynamic visual acuityand depth perceptions among children aged 7-8 years.Materials and methods:One hundred and seven primary school students were randomly selected through purposive sampling and divided into two experimental groups (visual perception exercises dependent vs independent to movement) and a control group. Experimental subjects were trained for 6 weeks and each week constituted three 45-minute sessions suited for their own planned training sessions. Analysis of Variance analysis (ANOVA) for within and between-group andKruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the depth and dynamic visual acuity perception respectively.Results:The results indicated that motor independent and dependent training had improved the components of depth perception and dynamic visual acuity in children aged 7-8 years, but there was no significant difference between these two training methods.Conclusion:This conformed movement Pyne&Issac’shypothesis (2005), which stated that the important issue in the development and adjustment of visual perceptual components is not an individual's movement, but selective attention to moving objects.
Psychology
nastaran mohajeri aval; mohammad narimani; goodarz sadeghi; nader hajloo
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 453-463
Abstract
Background: The main aim of the present study was investigating the effect of metacognitive therapy based on mindfulness on negative emotion regulation strategies and emotional processing in people with general anxiety disorder.
Materials & Methods: This was a semi-experimental research and in this ...
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Background: The main aim of the present study was investigating the effect of metacognitive therapy based on mindfulness on negative emotion regulation strategies and emotional processing in people with general anxiety disorder.
Materials & Methods: This was a semi-experimental research and in this research project, 30 person with general anxiety disorder were selected from Tehran Nedaye Aramesh Ravan clinic’s clients using purposeful sampling. All subjects, in two experimental and control groups, were evaluated before and after treatment by Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Emotional Processing Scale. Subjects in experimental group received 8 session of metacognitive therapy based on mindfulness. After completion of treatment, all subjects were retested. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control group in improving the negative emotion regulation strategies and emotional processing (P≤0/0005).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that metacognitive therapy based on mindfulness can decrease negative emotion regulation strategies and emotional processing in people with general anxiety disorder.
Physical Education
morteza hajinia; AmirHossein Haghighi; Roya Asgari
Volume 28, Issue 3 , May and June 2021, , Pages 457-465
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a metabolic disorder that can be controlled and prevented by increasing energy expenditure and stimulating factors related to the browning of white adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity resistance training on Irisin and Fibroblast ...
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Introduction: Obesity is a metabolic disorder that can be controlled and prevented by increasing energy expenditure and stimulating factors related to the browning of white adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity resistance training on Irisin and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels in overweight men.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 overweight men (mean 36.56± 3.33 years and body mass index 29.41± 3.02 kg/m2) were randomly selected. They were assigned in two groups of high-intensity resistance training and control. The program of the Resistance Group was conducted in a circular shape with an intensity of 85-80% of a maximum repetition, three sessions per week for eight weeks. 24 hours before and 48 hours after the training period, serum Irisin levels and FGF21 subjects were measured in the fasting state. Data analysis was performed by correlated t-test and ANCOVA at the significance level of P<0.01.
Results: Irisin and FGF21 Serum levels in the high-intensity resistance training group showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.01). Bodyweight, BMI, and body fat percentage in the high-intensity resistance training group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group, while a significant increase was observed in the control group (P<0.01).
Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity resistance training can be emphasized as an effective step in convert white adipose tissue to brown and improving the body composition of overweight and obese people.
Naseh Esmaeili; Mohammad Alizadeh; Ali Tarighat Esfanjani
Volume 23, Issue 3 , July and August 2016, , Pages 516-525
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle changes, especially with regard to diet, have an important role in prevention and treatment of this syndrome. This study was designed to identify barriers related to nutritional attitudes ...
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Background Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle changes, especially with regard to diet, have an important role in prevention and treatment of this syndrome. This study was designed to identify barriers related to nutritional attitudes changes among patients with metabolic syndrome.Materials & Methods This is a qualitative study in which 6 semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted at outpatient department of main general hospital of Mahabad from April to June 2013. A total of 36 married men and women with different levels of education aged 20-50 years with metabolic syndrome, diagnosed based on International Diabetes Federation criteria, were chosen by purposeful sampling method. Focus group discussions data were audio recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis method was used for the analysis of the study data.Results Based on data analysis, barriers related to nutritional attitudes changes among patients with metabolic syndrome identified and classified in main themes were as follows: metabolic syndrome components relationship to nutrition, fats and oils, salt, dairy products, cereals, sugary drinks and sweets, meat, and finally meals and snacks.Conclusion Study results showed barriers related to nutritional attitudes in patients with metabolic syndrome could facilitate the designing of nutrition education programs and use in preventing metabolic syndrome consequences.
Fatemeh Adami ghamsari; Farzaneh Hosseini; Anita Khanaferi
Volume 22, Issue 4 , September and October 2015, , Pages 685-685
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Today, entrance of wastewaters, especially detergent and cleaner agent’s production industries wastewaters, to surface and underground waters is one of environmental pollution concerns. These wastewaters are containing detergents and surfactants, such as polysorbates ...
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Background & Objectives: Today, entrance of wastewaters, especially detergent and cleaner agent’s production industries wastewaters, to surface and underground waters is one of environmental pollution concerns. These wastewaters are containing detergents and surfactants, such as polysorbates and, because of exposure of human and other organisms, their degradation is of great important. This research analyses degradation of a non-ionic detergent in polysorbate group called Tween 80 (polysorbate 80) and studies effect of pH and temperature on degradation rate of this detergent, using lipolytic bacteria (isolated from Tehran oil refinery wastewater and activated sludge). Materials & Methods: For primary isolating of lipolytic bacteria, the TSA medium containing Tween 80 and olive oil has been, separatively, used. Then specific culture Tween agar and Tributyrin agar have been used to study for lipase enzyme bacteria production. Also for confirmation degradation, instrumental methods, spectrophotometer and FTIR were used. Results: The results shows that the isolated bacteria are able to depredate polysorbate 80 by lipase enzyme production. Bacillus cereus was known as the best degradator after the identification of the molecular basis of sequencing 16S rRNA. Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (T), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Bacillus sp was known. Conclusion: The results showed that pH and temperature affects on the degradation of tween, and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa at acidic range of pH, two gram positive bacillus at alkali range of pH and three bacteria at 37 ˚C have the best degradation.
Afshin Takdastan; Mehdi Jolanejad; Abdolkazem Neisi; Mehrnosh Abtahi; Sahand Jorfi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 698-705
Abstract
Background Chromium and cadmium are two heavy metals having adverse effects on the health and environment, which are released to environment by waste streams. Because of high solubility, they are absorbed by living organisms and through food chain accumulate in human body. This study aimed to determine ...
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Background Chromium and cadmium are two heavy metals having adverse effects on the health and environment, which are released to environment by waste streams. Because of high solubility, they are absorbed by living organisms and through food chain accumulate in human body. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of the polyferric sulfate (PFS) in removing of Cr6+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solutions.Methods & Materials This study was investigated in bench scale using a jar test apparatus. The effect of pH (4-11), dose of coagulants (10-200 mg/l), initial amount of metals (1-100 mg/l) and settling time (15-9 min) were investigated. Cr and Cd concentration were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.Results The result showed that the maximum removal efficiency was 52.82% for Cr and 93.13% for Cd, at pH values of 6 and 9, coagulant dosage of 100 and 50 mg/l, respectively, and settling time for 30 min. Conclusion Coagulation and sedimentation by use of polyferric sulfate can be considered as an efficient process for removal of Cd and pretreatment of Cr.
Psychology
Nasrin Mirchooli; Ali mohammad Naemi
Volume 26, Issue 6 , March and April 2020, , Pages 809-816
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In the present century, critical thinking has been considered as one of the most important educational goals that should be addressed by teachers, teachers and learners in the learning process. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic ...
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Background and Objectives: In the present century, critical thinking has been considered as one of the most important educational goals that should be addressed by teachers, teachers and learners in the learning process. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic engagement, goal orientation and its components with critical thinking in medical students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.Materials & Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The population of this study included all medical students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2018 was 520 people. A total of 221 people were selected based on Cochran formula and systematic random sampling. The required data were collected using standard questionnaires of critical thinking, academic engagement and goal orientation. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression analysis with using SPSS20. Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between academic engagement, mastery-approach goals and performance-approach goals with critical thinking (p
Seyyed Kazem Sabbagh; Saeedeh Saeedi; Zahra Dehbashi; Mahta Mazaheri Naeieni
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 854-861
Abstract
Background and aim: Staphylococcus aureus is on of the most infectious agents to humans. In recent years, resistance strain to different antibiotic has been reported. With increasing of bacterial resistance to chemical drugs and effects of plant medicines, herbal medicines have been considered as alternative ...
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Background and aim: Staphylococcus aureus is on of the most infectious agents to humans. In recent years, resistance strain to different antibiotic has been reported. With increasing of bacterial resistance to chemical drugs and effects of plant medicines, herbal medicines have been considered as alternative medicaments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of Black pepper and March against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to commonly used antibiotics.
Materials and Methods: Alcholic plant extraction was done using a rotary apparatus. Twelve, Staphylococcus aureus strains from urine samples was isolated and then purified. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBI) of the plant extracts at six different concentrations was determined broth medium using dilution method. Susceptibility of strains to multiple antibiotics was evaluated using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
Result: The results of this study showed that higher and lower average resistance to tested antibiotic is belonged to Ceftazidime (66/66%) and vancomycin (8/1%) antibiotic, respectively. MIC assay of plant extracts showed that the highest effect of Pepper and March was determined at concentrations of 10 and 5 mg/ml, respectively. Whereas, the lowest MIC effect for Pepper and March was recorded at concentration of 2/5 and 0/62 mg/mL, respectively. The maximum MBC of plant extracts was recorded at concentration of 20 and 10 mg/mL for Pepper and March, respectively.
Conclusion: Although the clinical application of plant extracts and essential oils due to fewer side effects, seems valuable, However, to clinical application of the alcoholic extract of black pepper and march more researches on mode of action of effective compounds of plans on microbial agents have to be done.
Javad Mohammadi; Simin Gholamrezaee; Amir Azizi
Volume 22, Issue 6 , January and February 2016, , Pages 1080-1087
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Today, mental health is one of the development indicators of countries and one aspect of the overall concept of health. Religious beliefs are considered as one component of impact on mental health, however internal and external religious orientation can have different effects ...
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Background & Objectives: Today, mental health is one of the development indicators of countries and one aspect of the overall concept of health. Religious beliefs are considered as one component of impact on mental health, however internal and external religious orientation can have different effects on lives of individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship of religiosity and mental health nurses. Martial & Methods: This study was performed as a cross-correlation analysis. The studied population consisted of all nurses working in public hospitals in Tabriz in 2014 so that 180 subjects were selected. To selection of the sample size in each hospital were performed randomly. Data from standard general health questionnaire and Alport religious orientation were used and analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and software SPSS.20. Results: The findings indicate a positive correlation between the religious orientation and the outer component of mental health (P =0.001) and a negative correlation between the intrinsic religious orientation and mental health (P =0.001). This means that the nurses with intrinsic religious orientation have better mental health. Conclusion: Due to the influence of religious orientation on the quality of mental health, it seems that, for achieving a spiritually healthy society, developing programs to promote religious culture and spiritual and internal aspects of religion should be emphasized.
Microbiology
maryam alsadat zarei; Mahboubeh Madani
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 151-160
Abstract
Background: Teucrium polium is a medicinal plant which species have been used for over 2000 years in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium on Candida glabrata colonization in mice tissue. Material and Method: The study was performed ...
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Background: Teucrium polium is a medicinal plant which species have been used for over 2000 years in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium on Candida glabrata colonization in mice tissue. Material and Method: The study was performed on 90 mature male mices (9 per group), that were devided into 10 groups: normal, placebo, 3 treatment group (candida- extract), control positive (Candida glabrata) and control negative (extract). Treatment groups were received 50,100 and 200 mg/kg dosages of extract for 20 days (every other day) by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of injections, homogenized liver, spleen and kidney were cultured on SDA medium and then colony count were performed. Results: The results showed, that liver in 100 mg/kg, spleen and kidney in 200mg/kg haven’t any yeast. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, Teucrium polium extract, perhaps can stimulat the immunity against Candida glabrata. Keywords: Teucrium polium, Candida glabrata, liver, spleen, kidney
Mehdi Fazlzadeh; Rohollah Rostami; Sadegh Hazrati
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May and June 2016, , Pages 161-168
Abstract
Background & Objectives:Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and toxic gas. It is one of the important indoor and outdoor air pollutants. This study was aimed to measure CO concentrations in outdoor and indoor air of residential homes in Ardabil city and to compare the results ...
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Background & Objectives:Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and toxic gas. It is one of the important indoor and outdoor air pollutants. This study was aimed to measure CO concentrations in outdoor and indoor air of residential homes in Ardabil city and to compare the results with air quality standards. Materials & Methods:For this descriptive-analytical study, concentrations of CO in indoor and outdoor air were measured in 50 dwellings during summer and winter in 2013. Concentrations of CO were measured at breathing zoon using a portable Gas meter for a period of one hour. Results:CO concentrations in outdoor air (2.18±1.13 ppm) were higher than the indoor air (0.57±0.63 ppm). Also, CO concentrations of indoor air in winter (0.63±0.62 ppm) were slightly higher than the summer amounts (0.51±0.65 ppm). The indoor to outdoor (I/O) ratio of 0.37±0.76 was obtained for CO concentration. Conclusion:According to the obtained results, CO concentrations are well below the guideline values and, therefore, Ardabil indoor and outdoor air quality is acceptable in terms of CO indicator.
Psychology
Ali mohammad Naemi; Maryam Davarzani
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 231-239
Abstract
Background and aim: Communication skills are a set of skills that can lead to an optimal interaction between individuals and groups within the organization and provide ground for professional ethics and staff procrastination. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating ...
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Background and aim: Communication skills are a set of skills that can lead to an optimal interaction between individuals and groups within the organization and provide ground for professional ethics and staff procrastination. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of training of communication skills with religious approach to professional ethics and occupational hardship of employees.Materials and methods: This study is experimental and used pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of administrative staff of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 1395, 80 of them were selected by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (40 individuals each). The intervention group received 6 sessions of 90 minutes and during 6 weeks, they received communication skills with religious approach training and did not see the educational control group. For collecting data, standard questionnaires of professional ethics and procrastination were used. For analyzing data, SPSS-22 software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods (ANCOVA) were used.Results: The results showed that communication skills training with religious approach had a positive and significant effect on the professional ethics (F = 5.33, P
Anesthesiology
bahare mousavi; soheila mozhde; Ahmadreza Yazdannik
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 287-293
Abstract
Introduction:One of the important units in hospital where there is a lot of hazard, is the operating room. One of the most important groups that is exposure to these hazards are operation room nurses. Given that there are few studies on the abundance and causes of hazards for operating room nurses, The ...
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Introduction:One of the important units in hospital where there is a lot of hazard, is the operating room. One of the most important groups that is exposure to these hazards are operation room nurses. Given that there are few studies on the abundance and causes of hazards for operating room nurses, The presents study was conducted with the aim of determining the occupational hazards evaluation of the operating room and the causes of the it.Material and method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in which besides a variety of hazards, the causes of the hazards were also questioned. Samples were selected in an accessible manner.Result:Of the 70 operating room nurses, 45 completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Among the operational hazards of the operating room, chemical hazards were the most endangered by the average exposure of 26.09 times. Ergonomic hazards with an average number of exposure times of 10.38 and accidental hazards with an average number of exposures of 10.44 are second and third respectively .ConclusionOperating room nurses exposure to different hazards. Some of the causes of these hazards can be resolved with simple planning and low cost. Elimination of these causes can have a great impact on reducing risks, reducing costs and improving the quality of the operating room.Key words: Occupational hazards, operating room nurses, operating room
Gholamheidar Teymori; Mohammad Javad Jafari; Hasan Asilian Mahabadi; Soheila Khodakarim
Volume 23, Issue 2 , March and April 2016, , Pages 360-369
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Hot working conditions are common in open-pit mines where workers are exposed to heat stress. Investigating the hot working environments may lead to preventing diseases caused by thermal stress in mines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between WBGT ...
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Background & Objectives: Hot working conditions are common in open-pit mines where workers are exposed to heat stress. Investigating the hot working environments may lead to preventing diseases caused by thermal stress in mines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between WBGT thermal stress index and physiological parameters in the iron ore miners. Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted on 120 healthy men in the summer season. Tympanic and skin temperatures were measured using a FT70 model thermometer manufactured by Beurer Co, Germany. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured using Emsig BO26 model (Taiwan) digital instrumentation. All environmental and physiological parameters were simultaneously measured and recorded. The WBGT index was calculated using the formula. Finally, the correlations were evaluated using linear regression and Pearson's correlation. Results: The statistically significant correlation between WBGT heat stress index and physiological parameters was found. The Pearson's correlations between WBGT index and tympanic temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 0.592, 0.557, 0.624, 0.486 and 0.419, respectively. Conclusion: WBGT index showed a high correlation with physiological parameters, including tympanic temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and had the highest correlation with heart rate. WBGT index has an acceptable correlation with physiological parameters of Workers in open pit mines and can be a suitable index to evaluate thermal stress in such working environments.