Maryam Kashanian; Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani; Maryam Shahnazari; Fereshteh Jahdi; Hamid Haghani
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 189-195
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Perineal damage is one of the traumas most frequently suffered by women during delivery. There are several techniques aimed at reducing the perineal damage. The present study is aimed at determining and comparing the frequency and degree of perineal rupture in hands-off and hands-on ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Perineal damage is one of the traumas most frequently suffered by women during delivery. There are several techniques aimed at reducing the perineal damage. The present study is aimed at determining and comparing the frequency and degree of perineal rupture in hands-off and hands-on techniques of protecting perinea during labor. Method and Materials: This blind clinical trial (with the CI of 95% and test power of 80%) involved 187 women who, after signing their informed consent, were divided into the hands-off (n= 98) and hands-on (n=89) groups through random allocation. In the experimental (hands-off) method, the midwife guides the parturient and observes the process of labor without touching the perineum or the head. In the control (hands-on) group, the midwife protects the infant's head using Ringen maneuver. The data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Results: The result showed that the undamaged perinea in the hands-off group was 44.9%, versus 10% in the hands-on group, where the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Perineal laceration was 51% in the hands-off group and 47.2% in the hands-on group but the difference between the two groups was not significant (p = 0.55). Most ruptures were of the first-degree type (50% in the hands-off and 64.3% in the hands-on group). In the hands-off group, 3.1% underwent episiotomy as compared with 75.3% in the hands-on group. Conclusion: The results suggest that a policy of hands-off technique in protecting perinea can be safe and efficient technique and can be an alternative method in perineal protection during labor
Rozgar Hamidi; Zohreh Fekrizadeh; Mojtaba Azadbakht; Gholamreza Garmaroudi; Parisa Taheri Tanjani; Shadi Fathizadeh; Elham Ghisvandi
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 189-198
Abstract
Background: because of a dramatic rise in mental disorders among all age groups such as elderly, paying attention to the elderly mental health and identifying their mental disorders such as depression and dementia is really essential. Thus, there is a need to valid screening measures for common conditions ...
Read More
Background: because of a dramatic rise in mental disorders among all age groups such as elderly, paying attention to the elderly mental health and identifying their mental disorders such as depression and dementia is really essential. Thus, there is a need to valid screening measures for common conditions in aged population. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in the elderly. Materials and Methods: in the first, Persian version of BDI-II was prepared using Forward-Backward method. After this, the BDI-II and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were administered to 233 subjects over the age of 60 selected by stratified random sampling in Qom City, Iran. The BDI and GHQ-28 were examined at about a two-month interval. Twenty-four elder were withdrawn during the retest of BDI-II, so that the retest conducts to 209 subjects. Finally, data was analyzed via SPSS-18. Results: 12.9% of study population had major depression; %24/9 and% 45/1 of were rated as middle a mild depression, respectively. The BDI showed significant positive internal consistency (Alpha=0.92) and test–retest reliability (r=0.64), Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC=0.81), convergent validity with GHQ-28(n-209) was significantly positive(r=0.80) Conclusion this study indicated that the Iranian version of the BDI-II is valid, reliable and appropriate instrument for screening depression in elderly.
MB ARDESHIR LARIJANI; R MALEKZADEH; V HAGHPANAH; B SOLEYMANPOUR; R HESHMAT; SM TAVANGAR
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January and February 2007, , Pages 190-195
Abstract
Background and Purpose: This study was intended to record the number of endocrine cancer in four provinces of Iran.
Methods and Materials: Patients in each province were classified according to their age, gender, sex, and tumor characteristics (site, morphology and behavior). The obtained data were ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: This study was intended to record the number of endocrine cancer in four provinces of Iran.
Methods and Materials: Patients in each province were classified according to their age, gender, sex, and tumor characteristics (site, morphology and behavior). The obtained data were coded according to ICD-O. High- risk age was calculated for each province and the results presented as incidence rates by sex, age, age- specific rates and ASR per 100,000 person – years using standard statistical methods to the world population.
Results: Out of 319 cases of primary endocrine cancers found and recorded, 313 cases were thyroid carcinoma and 6 cases were adrensal cancers. In thyroid carcinoma group, the share of Papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic carcinomas accounted for 82.7%, 8.6%, 7.0% and 1.6% respectively. Also, the ASR of thyroid carcinoma for total, male and female cases were 1.289, 0.627 and 1.59 respectively. The highest incidence rate of the thyroid carcinoma was found in Kerman with the ASR of 1.643 for both genders and the lowest rate in Golestan with the ASR of 0.735. Mean age of patients was 43.9 years (SD=15.90) and their age ranged from 3 to 8 years. This figure for males was 45.21 (± 17.13) and for females 43.49 (±15.51) (P= 0.41). Also, the female - male ratio was 3.1 to 1. In adrenal cases (n=6), 4 cases (66.7%) had neuroblastoma and 2 cases were pheochromocytoma (33.3%). The mean diagnosis age was 16.17 (± 7.05) years for the whole population of cases; 13.00 (±3.46) years for males and 19.33 (±9.07) for females (P=0.32)
Conclusion: Iran was considered as an endemic iodine-deficient region until fairly recently. However, iodinization of salt started 12 years ago and since then, this increase has caused an increase in the incidence of papillary cancer, compared to other thyroid carcinomas; its frequency and distribution closely correspond to the observed profile in areas with high iodine consumption.
Ebrahim Hajizadeh; AliReza Heidarnia; Shamsoddin Niknami; Mahmood Karimy
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 190-197
Abstract
Background: Various studies all over the world have found support for the predictive validity of the theory of planned behavior with respect to smoking. In the absence of a valid and reliable theory of planned behavior (TPB) questionnaire for tobacco use in Iran, the purpose of this study was to design ...
Read More
Background: Various studies all over the world have found support for the predictive validity of the theory of planned behavior with respect to smoking. In the absence of a valid and reliable theory of planned behavior (TPB) questionnaire for tobacco use in Iran, the purpose of this study was to design and assess the validity and reliability of the tobacco use theory of planned behavior scale in Iranian male adolescents. Materials and methods: Four hundred and seven students, aged between 14 and 19 years, served as the subjects of this study. They were selected through multi-stage random sampling. A questionnaire was designed based on Ajzen’s advice. The reliability coefficients were calculated by two different methods: Cronbach alpha and test-retest. Also, in order to determine the validity of the scale, we used three methods, including face validity, content validity, and construct validity. Results: Factor analysis showed that TPB consisted of 4 components (attitude, perceived control behavior, subjective norms, and intention), which explained 61% of common variance. Results show the total test-retest reliability and internal consistency to be 0.84 and 0.86, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis results show that the four-factor model of TPB fits the Iranian sample. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the Persian version of the tobacco use TPB scale were acceptable and suitable.
Ali Shahryari; HamidReza Nowrouzi
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January and February 2009, , Pages 192-199
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Pretreatment with crystalloid has not been able to maintain blood pressure during elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia and it seems that prophylactic ephedrine+crystalloid can reduce hypotension and administration of high doses of ephedrine. The aim of the present ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Pretreatment with crystalloid has not been able to maintain blood pressure during elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia and it seems that prophylactic ephedrine+crystalloid can reduce hypotension and administration of high doses of ephedrine. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of ephedrine+crystalloid pretreatment with crystalloid alone on blood pressure during elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methods and Materials: In this double blind clinical trial we enrolled 72 women admitted to Ali-ebne-Abitaleb hospital in Zahedan Iran who were candidates for elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia in 2006and divided them into group A (ephedrine+cistalloid) and group B (placebo+cristalloid) by convenience sampling. Infusion with 10ml/Kg of ringer solution was made within 10-15min before the initiation of spinal block in both groups. Also 10mg ephedrine in group A and placebo in group B were added to the solution. After newborn delivery 20 IU oxitocin and 2mg midazolam were administered to all patients. Systolic BP HR nausea vomiting level of spinal block and neonatal Apgar were recorded and analyzed by Chi-square and student's t-tests (P
AA TAHERIAN; AA VAFAEI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 192-197
Abstract
Background and purpose: One of the factors relations to anxiety is the change in endocrine hormones. Previous studies suggest that glucocorticoids might have a modulatory role in fear and anxiety. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the role of hydrocortisole in modulating the mice ...
Read More
Background and purpose: One of the factors relations to anxiety is the change in endocrine hormones. Previous studies suggest that glucocorticoids might have a modulatory role in fear and anxiety. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the role of hydrocortisole in modulating the mice anxiety in elevated plus maze.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 70 male mice (25-30 gr). Were randomly assigned into test, sham and control groups. The test mice received different doses of hydrocortisole (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, S.C) as the agonist receptor of glucocorticoids; the sham group received the same volume of ethanol 2% plus saline, which was injected 30 minutes prior to anxiety assessment. The control group receined nothing. In order to increase the animals, activity and curiosity, they were led into a black box with checked walls for 5 minutes. Then, each animal was taken to the maze (a standard device for research purposes) at regular intervals. Evaluation indexes and anxiety reactions (frequency of entening into open armr and the time spent) were observed and recorded.
Results: the results indicated that hydrocortisole (20 and 50 mg) had significantly increased the frequency and duration of entrance into open arms, which is a sign of reducing anxiety (P
Maryam Tovliat; Maliheh Zangoee; Mohboobeh Zangoee
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 192-198
Abstract
Introduction and objective: preterm labor is the most important cause of neonatal mortality in the first 28 days of life in the world. Usin an appropraite theraphutic stratgy can lead to longer pregnancy duration, more evolution of neonate’s organs and bearing a healthy neonate. The effects of drugs ...
Read More
Introduction and objective: preterm labor is the most important cause of neonatal mortality in the first 28 days of life in the world. Usin an appropraite theraphutic stratgy can lead to longer pregnancy duration, more evolution of neonate’s organs and bearing a healthy neonate. The effects of drugs to prevent pre-term labor is still controversial. On the other hand making decision about treatment is based on practical experiences due to detrimental impacts of pre-term labor and lack of general agreement on using drugs. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Progesterone with Salbotamol on reduceing the risk of preterm birth.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 56 high-risk pregnant women who were between 26 and 34 weeks of gestation were selected via convenience sampling method, and were allocated to progesterone or salbotamol according to a randomized number table.
In the case group Progesterone supp was administrated every 2days until the end of 34 week of pregnancy. In the control group was administrated salbotamol until the end of 34 week of pregnancy. After the following two groups and recording the time of delivery, data were analyzed in SPSS software(11.5) by means of student test and Chi square tests.
Results: the mean score of gestational age at the time of delivery in the progesterone group was 37/7± 1/3weeks and in the salbotamol one was 36/9± 2/1weeks and there was no significant differenc between them(P=0.18).ferthermore,the mean length of continuation of pregnancy in progesterone and salbutamol groups were 12.5± 1.8 weeks and 11.7± 3.2weeks, respectively which were not significant statistically.(P = 0.18).
Conclusion: According to the findings, two regimens of progesterone and salbutamol have been able to maintain pregnancy 12.5 and 11.7weeks, respectively.
The results indicate that progesterone treatment comparing to salbutamol may increase remaining pregnancy 8.0 weeks in average however this difference was not statistically significant.
Hadi Yarahmadi; Mehdi Zaree
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 194-203
Abstract
Background and purpose: Appetite is one of the factors influencing the energy equation and with different levels of control and setting. Physical activity is one of the possible factors. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of one session of swimming, resistance and aerobic ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Appetite is one of the factors influencing the energy equation and with different levels of control and setting. Physical activity is one of the possible factors. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of one session of swimming, resistance and aerobic exercise on the student girl’s appetite. Methods: research design was used mid tentative and the target population consisted entirely girl’s student of the University. Among them, 60 females randomly in 4 groups of 15 persons swimming, resistance, aerobic exercise and control and performed protocol exercise within 90 minutes. The appetite was recorded by appetite questionnaire before, immediately after exercise and 3 hours after the exercise protocol. The food given to girl’s before and on the day of the exercises was similar. Also glucose and lactate of the blood measurement in before each stages module appetite. Data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA at significant level P
MohammadJavad Namazi; Gholamreza Javadi; Mohammadhasan Shahhoseini; Jamileh Nowruzi; Seyyed Hosein Shahcheraghi; Hosein Samadi; Seyyed Hadi Shahcheraghi
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 196-206
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Among Bacilli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus anthracis are important and the latter causes anthrax. Toxin production in this bacillus is carried out by pxo1 gene and associated plasmid. Research has recently shown that this gene can transfer to other bacilli ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Among Bacilli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus anthracis are important and the latter causes anthrax. Toxin production in this bacillus is carried out by pxo1 gene and associated plasmid. Research has recently shown that this gene can transfer to other bacilli too. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of pxo1 gene in bacilli other than Bacillus anthracis, so that they can be safely used in producing vaccines against anthrax. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, 65 soil samples were collected from different geographical regions in Iran, and the organisms were isolated from the soil. Proteins isolated from bacilli were examined by SDS-PAGE technique, and the limits of coded proteins by pxo1 gene were specifically located. The data were summarized in Excel using figures and tables. Results: Based on the results, 13 out of 38 bacilli showed protein bands in the proteins coded by pxo1 gene, and all were from cereus family. Conclusion: In Iran, pxo1 plasmid has transferred from Bacillus anthracis to 13 bacilli isolated from Bacillus cereus.
Hamid Peyrovi; Leyla Jouybary; Mansoureh Jamshidi Manesh; Akram Sanagoo
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 196-205
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Women’s perception of menopause depend on cultural norms, social factors and individual knowledge of meanopause. Because of amny problems women face in this stage, the present study was designed to explore and interpret Iranian women’s experience of menopause. Methods and ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Women’s perception of menopause depend on cultural norms, social factors and individual knowledge of meanopause. Because of amny problems women face in this stage, the present study was designed to explore and interpret Iranian women’s experience of menopause. Methods and Materials: Fourteen menopause women, spending time for hobby in public parks, were interviewed for their clinical experience after having signed the informed consent for inclusion in the study. Open in-depth semi-structure interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed by Van Manen phenomenological method, and the study ended after data were saturated. Results: The most important clinical experience of women from menopause, which emerged from the study data, were the physiologic event and deprivation themes. Also, subthemes included natural process of creation, facing alertness, healing power of menses, youth and femininity, and a light perspective into the future, which helped describe and expand the main themes. Conclusion: Despite different attitudes toward menopause, women consider this phenomenon as natural; however, concerns and expectation of its complications can affect the quality of their life.
M BAGHBAN HAGHIGHI; K TAVAKOLI TABASI
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January and February 2007, , Pages 196-203
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Renal stones are usually treated through ESWL or through skin nephostomy. This study was conducted to compare between efficacy and safety of retrograde ureteroscopic lithotripsy with pneumatic lithotriptor plus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus extracorporeal shock ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Renal stones are usually treated through ESWL or through skin nephostomy. This study was conducted to compare between efficacy and safety of retrograde ureteroscopic lithotripsy with pneumatic lithotriptor plus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy alone for treatment of 2 to 3 cm renal pelvis stones.
Methods and Materials: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on the population of patients with 2-3 cm renal pelvis stones admitted to the Imam Reza Hospital clinic for radiological patients from Shahrivar 1382 to Shahrivar 1384 (2004-2005). Sampling procedure included patients with such a diagnosis who had indications for the suggested treatment procedure. The final sample amounted to 55 patients. We divided our patients into two groups. In group 1, (22 patients) first we attempted to break the nidus of the stone with retrograde ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy, and then we inserted a double J stent and after 2 to 4 weeks, send them for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Group II patients (33 patients), after cystoscopic insertion of double J stent, underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy alone. Stone free rate and complication rate after three months were recorded.
Results: The patients' mean age in two groups were 28.7 and 29.4 years respectively. There was no statistical differences between the age and sex of the two groups. In group 1, in two patients we could not reach to stone ureteroscopically. Stone free rate in group 1, was 77% (17/22). In group II, after two sessions of extracorporeal lithotripsy, stone free rate was just 45% (15/33). There was no significant complication in two groups.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that ureteroscopy and breaking the stone nidus with pneumatic lithotripter before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is an acceptable treatment modality for relatively large renal pelvis stone.
Somayyeh Zamiri; Sakineh Azizi; Aghdas Shakeri; Zahra HasanDoost; Mozhdeh Mohammaddost; Hamideh Yosefi; Alireza Moslem; Arash Akaberi
Volume 23, Issue 2 , March and April 2016, , Pages 196-203
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Spiritual intelligence represents a different set of skills and abilities that each of them is displayed in different forms in social and historical contexts; and self-efficacy is one's belief in own abilities to solve problems and deal with problems. The purpose of this ...
Read More
Background & Objectives: Spiritual intelligence represents a different set of skills and abilities that each of them is displayed in different forms in social and historical contexts; and self-efficacy is one's belief in own abilities to solve problems and deal with problems. The purpose of this study was to determine if spiritual intelligence can predict self-efficacy. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in the year 2012. 129 individuals were selected via Stratified sampling method. Individuals were assessed by spiritual intelligence questionnaire and Self Efficacy Scale (SES). Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, t-student test and linear multiple regression (stepwise), by SPSS 20 software. The p-value was considered 0.05. Results: Results show that the correlation between spiritual intelligence and self-efficacy was statistically significant (r=0.612, p-value<0.001). In predicting self-efficacy by spiritual intelligence and adjusting other variables effect such as gender, age, habitat, university grade point average by multiple regression tests (stepwise), the results determine that spiritual intelligence can significantly predict self-efficacy score. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that spiritual intelligence is prolific in predicting self-efficacy. So, you can promote students' spiritual intelligence skills, to increase their self-efficacy in academic, social and family affairs.
Abbas Ali Gaeini; Fatemeh Shabkhiz; Ali Samadi; Maryam Khalesi; Fateme Tork
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 198-205
Abstract
Background and Purpose: It has been suggested that intracellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1)، as a new inflammatory marker، are more precise and sensitive markers in predicting cardiovascular diseases، compared with traditional predictive markers. The purpose of this investigation was to study the ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: It has been suggested that intracellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1)، as a new inflammatory marker، are more precise and sensitive markers in predicting cardiovascular diseases، compared with traditional predictive markers. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of discontinuous endurance exercise on sICAM-1 and lipid profile (LDL-C، HDL-C، TG، and TC) of non-athletic male students and to survey the correlation between changes of these variables. Material and methods: This experimental study involved twenty non-athletic male students who signed the written informed consent، and were randomly assigned into experimental (n=12) and control (n=8) groups. The exercise protocol was a graded program، to be performed for 8 weeks three times per week with specific intensity and duration. Blood samples were taken before the first session and after the last session، with 14 hours fasting. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using independent and dependent t-test، and Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the correlation of the variables. Level of statistical significance was set at α>0.05. Results: Eight weeks of discontinuous endurance exercise caused 14% decline in sICAM-1 (p=0.0001)، 6% in TC (p=0.001)، 10% in LDL-C (p=0.0001)، 40% in TG (p=0.0001) and 23% increase in HDL-C (p=0.001) in the experimental group. However، there were no significant correlation between sICAM-1 alteration and changes of traditional predictors of cardiovascular diseases (LDL-C، HDL-C، TG، and TC) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Eight weeks of discontinuous endurance exercise may reduce sICAM-1 and improve the lipid profile. These changes can play effective roles in the prevention، control and treatment of atherosclerosis.
AA AZIMI; A RAHMANI SANI; N MEHRDADI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 198-204
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Waste stabilization ponds as a natural treatment method have been found among successful methods in municipal wastewater treatment. They are very costeffective in energy and manpower. Low efficiency rates and vast area required are some of their drawbacks which are less attended ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Waste stabilization ponds as a natural treatment method have been found among successful methods in municipal wastewater treatment. They are very costeffective in energy and manpower. Low efficiency rates and vast area required are some of their drawbacks which are less attended to. Therefore this study intends to research the optimization methods in anaerobic ponds.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, two anaerobic ponds were built in pilot scale with 48 hours detention time, 12 m2 area (6x2 m) and 4m depth. The control pond was a conventional pond; the optimized pond was built in two parts: a digestion pit and a detention time of 12 hours, and the anaerobic pond with 8 baffles with a detention time of 36 hours. The wastewater with BOD5=250 mg/l and TSS=320 mg/l from municipal network in Sabzevar, Iran was used; the pilot took one year from December 2006 to December 2007. The collected data were analyzed in Excel and Tsp7.
Result: Average removal efficiency for BOD5 and TSS in the conventional pond were 37% and 53% respectively; the figures for the optimized pond were 68% and 85% respectively. Conclusion: Using optimized anaerobic ponds enhances the removal efficiency rate.
Mehdi Ahmadi; AliAkbar Kushki; Hasan Hashemi Javaheri; Ahmad Ebrahimi Atri; Arash Mahmudi
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 198-205
Abstract
Background and purpose: Causes and mechanisms of injury in athletes are an important consideration in sports medicine. This study reviews the frequency of sports injuries in male students participating in the Sports Olympiad 1020 of Khorasan Razavi Province. Methods: The population for this descriptive, ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Causes and mechanisms of injury in athletes are an important consideration in sports medicine. This study reviews the frequency of sports injuries in male students participating in the Sports Olympiad 1020 of Khorasan Razavi Province. Methods: The population for this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 1156 male student athletes in two educational levels, including middle school and high school. Data was collected using the Fuller’s damage report form (Fuller et al., BJSM 2006), which includes injured body parts, injury type, cause, and severity. Results: In total, 122 injuries were recorded, including futsal 53 persons (44%), handball 44 persons (36%), basketball 18 persons (14%), and volleyball 7 persons (6%). The most frequent injuries were lower extremities (51%), upper extremities (22%), trunk and spine (16%), and head and face (11%). Most injuries involved muscle-tendinous damage (81%), while the least frequent types were skin (13%) and joint-ligamentous damage (6%). Highest causes of injury were collision between two players (59.86%) and lack of proper warm-up before the match (16.42%). Damage intensity was low in 67%, moderate in 23%, and severe in 10% of cases. Conclusion: The results showed that injuries occurred most frequently in handball and indoor soccer fields, while basketball and volleyball had the lowest number of injuries. Lower limb injury was the most prevalent, while the head and face were the least frequent injured parts. The most common type of injury was muscle-tendon injury. Collision between players and non-warmed up limbs were the greatest cause of injuries.
Fereshteh Ghorat; Hasan Salehi pour
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 199-206
Abstract
Background: Pneumothorax and its related mortality isvery commonin infancy and it is intensified among infants who received the mechanical ventilation treatment. Determining the effective factors in the incidence of this disease is very importantin reducing its related mortality. Our study has done with ...
Read More
Background: Pneumothorax and its related mortality isvery commonin infancy and it is intensified among infants who received the mechanical ventilation treatment. Determining the effective factors in the incidence of this disease is very importantin reducing its related mortality. Our study has done with the goal of evaluating Pneumothorax prevalence and the related mortality among infants receiving mechanical ventilation in NICU and determining the effective factors on it.
Method and Materials: This descriptive analytical study was conducted at all infants hospitalized in Mahdieh University children’s Hospital. All infants with post mechanical ventilation Pneumothorax were included in this study and infants’ information about birth weight, gender of the infant, method of delivery, the site of Pneumothorax incidence, treatment with surfactant, rate of PCo2,rate of PIP, the time of Pneumothorax initialization after the mechanical ventilation and the death time after Pneumothorax prevalence were collected. P
Fahimeh saadat Jamali; Mahtab Moazemi; Nahid Bijeh; Homan Kamranian
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, , Pages 199-205
Abstract
Background and aim: Pain is one of the most common reasons that oblige people to refer to a doctor. With regard to beta-endorphin effect on pain reduction, the aim of this study is investigation of the effect of beta -endorphin serum level on amendment of dysmenorrhea factors after eight weeks aerobic ...
Read More
Background and aim: Pain is one of the most common reasons that oblige people to refer to a doctor. With regard to beta-endorphin effect on pain reduction, the aim of this study is investigation of the effect of beta -endorphin serum level on amendment of dysmenorrhea factors after eight weeks aerobic exercise. Materials and Methods: This is a Clinical Trial. The sample included 22 subjects with moderate to severe dysmenorrhea, which randomly divided to two control group (n=10) and exercise group (n=12). Aerobic exercise program included aerobic activity with severity of 60-75% of maximum heart rate for 24 sessions (three sessions per week, each session lasting 45-60 minutes). Serum level of beta-endorphin was measured before and after the exercise intervention. Dependent and independent student t-test was used to investigate the intragroup and intergroup differences of beta-endorphin. Pearson correlation test was used to estimate the relation of variables of study. Results: Findings of study showed that exercise intervention made a significant increasing on the serum level of beta-endorphin. Also there is a significant negative relationship between serum level of beta-endorphin and intensity and perception of pain. But any significant relation with duration of pain was not observed. Conclusion: In general, it seems that increasing of beta-endorphin levels, which was created following the exercise, can have a role in analgesia and reduction of the indicators of dysmenorrhea pain.
Mahnaz Azadi Moghtader; Ali Heidaryanpour; Efat Sadeghian
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January and February 2009, , Pages 200-206
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Magnesium deficiency has recently been proposed as a novel factor implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications such as vascular disorders but the mechanism has not been completely clarified. The present study was designed to determine the effect of oral magnesium sulfate ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Magnesium deficiency has recently been proposed as a novel factor implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications such as vascular disorders but the mechanism has not been completely clarified. The present study was designed to determine the effect of oral magnesium sulfate administration on skin microvascular blood flow in diabetic rats. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study 50 male Wister rats (200–250 g) were divided into two diabetic and one control groups. One diabetic group received magnesium sulfate (10 g/L) in drinking water for a 10-week period. The other two groups received only tap water. After 10 weeks animals were deeply anaesthetized and placed on a heating pad to maintain their body temperature at 37±0.5°C. Laser Doppler flow meter was used to measure the relative changes in skin blood flow. After stabilization we used ACh SNP L-NNA+ magnesium sulfate (0.1M) in control and experimental animal by microsyringe pump microinjection. In order to analyze the obtained data Student t-test and One-way ANOVA were used in SPSS with p
MR HAMEDI NIA; AH HAGHIGHI; P JAMILI
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January and February 2007, , Pages 204-210
Abstract
Background and purpose: C-reactive protein is a sensitive, nonspecific marker of inflammation and its relationship with coronary vascular disease is already established. The present research was conducted to study the effect of resistance training on the rate of C-reactive protein in obese men.
Methods ...
Read More
Background and purpose: C-reactive protein is a sensitive, nonspecific marker of inflammation and its relationship with coronary vascular disease is already established. The present research was conducted to study the effect of resistance training on the rate of C-reactive protein in obese men.
Methods and Materials: The present study was quasi-experimental and 24 male subjects (16 obese, 8 lean) with age range of 35 to 48 years voluntarily participated in the study. Obese men were randomly assigned into two groups: resistance training and control group. The third group included the lean men subjects. Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects. The experimental subjects received resistance training for 13 weeks, 3 sessions per week. The resistance training was done in circuit fashion in 11 stations with a 50 to 60% intensity of one maximum repetition (IRM).
Results: Resistance training significantly decreased the serum CRP levels of the obese men (from 1.65±0.6 to 0.53±0.73). In addition, serum CRP concentrations in obese men at baseline state were significantly higher than those in lean men (1.56±0.58 versus 0.26±0.21). In all subjects there was a significant and positive correlation between serum CRP levels and obesity markers (r=0.75) and different components of the metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Resistance training due to antinflammatory effects is likely to reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events in obese men.
Simin Tavoni; Mina Amiri Pebdani; Hamid Haghghani
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 204-212
Abstract
Background and objective: Sexual aspect is one of the most important domains of matrimony satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction has an important role in psychological health of women. Hormonal changes that occur in menopausal period can result in decrease of sexual satisfaction. The aim of this study was ...
Read More
Background and objective: Sexual aspect is one of the most important domains of matrimony satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction has an important role in psychological health of women. Hormonal changes that occur in menopausal period can result in decrease of sexual satisfaction. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on sexual function in menopausal women.
Materials and methods: In this Triple-blind placebo-controlled trial, 80 healthy female volunteers aged 60 – 50 years, attending 3 health-care centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), were enrolled. The participants received GBE at a dose of 120–240 mg (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) daily for 30 days. The instrument of this study was the Sabbatsberg Sexual Rating Scale (SSRS) which the part of it subjectively evaluate sexual satisfaction before and after intervention. The results were analyzed by using, Fisher exact test, independent samples test and Mann-Whitney Test which these had done by SPSS software, version of 16.
Result: After intervention, the sexual satisfaction had no significant difference between the two groups of Ginkgo biloba and placebo (P = 0.31). Also there was no significant difference in the sexual satisfaction compared to the results obtained in the previous years (0.96)
Conclusion: In this study using Ginkgo biloba for a month had no effect on sexual satisfaction of menopausal women. With regarded to many factors can be affected sexual function of menopausal women, no efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on sexual satisfaction can be result of no efficacy of it on factors such as psychological factors.
A MOTAMEDZADEH; M AFKHAMI ARDEKANI; M RASHIDI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 205-210
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Type II diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and increased hepatic glucose production. Metformin is a biguanide which reduces the production of hepatic glucose and is able to increase the sensitivity of peripheral tissue ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Type II diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and increased hepatic glucose production. Metformin is a biguanide which reduces the production of hepatic glucose and is able to increase the sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin. This study was designed to investigate the effect of metformin on lipid profile and body weight.
Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial, 51 type II diabetic patients, admitted to Yazd Research Crnter of Diabetes, with FBS>150 mg/dl, Tg>200 mg/dl and BMI>25 kg/m2 and no previous history of metformin use, were selected. They were give metformin for one month, 1 gr a day; after one month, they were assessed for BMI, 2hPP and FBS. Due to gastrointestinal complications, 4 patients were excluded from the research. Paired t-test was used in comparing the befor-after response means.
Results: After using metformin, cholesterole and triglyceride dropped by 9.26±2.1 and 54.02±50.51 mg/dl respectively. Also, metformin induced a significant decrease in FBS, 2h postprandial glucose and body weight. No significant relationship was observed between the mean weight loss and factors of age and sex.
Conclusion: In the present study, metformin reduced blood sugar, lipids and body weight.
Hamid Alavimajd; Abdollah Khorrami Markani; Mohammad Khodayarifard; Farideh Yaghmai
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 206-216
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Spiritual wellbeing as one of the effective factors on human health outcomes has been increasingly considered in recent years. Based on the literature، nurses'' spiritual wellbeing influences their spiritual care. Therefore، this qualitative study aims to explain spiritual wellbeing ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Spiritual wellbeing as one of the effective factors on human health outcomes has been increasingly considered in recent years. Based on the literature، nurses'' spiritual wellbeing influences their spiritual care. Therefore، this qualitative study aims to explain spiritual wellbeing from the perspective of oncology nurses. Methods and Materials: This qualitative phenomenological study involved 24 oncology nurses as participants from 12 hospitals affiliated to medical universities of Iran، Tehran، and Shahid Beheshti in Tehran، Iran. Data were collected through 20 semi-structured interviews and 2 focus group sessions with efficient age and sex diversity، and were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: In the final step of analysis، 11 themes or main categories emerged: religious belief، Quran and the Hereafter، belief in God، Prophets and Imams، understanding of principles and philosophy of creation، searching for God، whole health، scientific and altruistic nursing، sense of life satisfaction، reaching transcendence، meaning and purpose in life، and inner energy resources. Conclusion: Oncology nurses experienced the spiritual wellbeing as belief in God and the Holy Quran، understanding the mystery of creation and searching for God (religious wellbeing) and attaining health، knowledgeable nursing، life and job satisfaction and finding the meaning and purpose of life (existential wellbeing).
Ladan Najjar; Arash Akabery; Tahereh Tofighiyan; Mohammadreza Shegarf Nakhaee
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 206-212
Abstract
Background and Purpose: One of the important factors affecting the life quality of every person is the disease, where one of the main interventions in this regard can be the individual counseling which is one of the most appropriate procedures in improving the life quality in chronic diseases such as ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: One of the important factors affecting the life quality of every person is the disease, where one of the main interventions in this regard can be the individual counseling which is one of the most appropriate procedures in improving the life quality in chronic diseases such as myocardial infarction. Therefore, the present study was cnducted to investigate the effect of individual counselling on the quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 56 patients with myocardial infarction at Vase’i Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran, who were selected through convenience sampling; they were divided randomaly into two groups: thew intervention and the control groups, and were homogenized as for their age, gender, level of education and history of myocardial infarction. The intervention group received four one-hour counselling sections every other day in physical, mental and social domains. However, there was no intervention for the control group. The quality of life of the two groups was surveyed and compared by QOL-SF36 questionnaire after a one-month period. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using chi-squre and independent samples t-test. Results: The results showed an ioncrease in the quality of life of the intervention group in the social field (52.67±18.74). Also, %80.8 of the the participants had stated their general health status to be average, and %86.60 experienced less anxiety and/or depression. Chi-square results indicated that despite differences in physical, mental and social domains, the deffierence was significant only in the mental dere not significantly different (p=0.99). Conclusion: The results indicated that individual counseling does not have an effect on the life quality of patients with myocardial infarction
Hoda Azizi; Farahzad Jabbari; Mahmud Shabestari; Maryam Hashemian
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 206-216
Abstract
Background: Given the high prevalence and high mortality of cardiovascular disease, special attention should be paid to its treatment. Currently, the main treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction is restoring blood flow by dissolving the clot. In addition to this basic treatment, several pharmacologic ...
Read More
Background: Given the high prevalence and high mortality of cardiovascular disease, special attention should be paid to its treatment. Currently, the main treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction is restoring blood flow by dissolving the clot. In addition to this basic treatment, several pharmacologic agents have been studied during the past years. In this paper, clinical trials about glucose-insulin-potassium are discussed in addition to adjuvant treatment which has been suggested in recent years. Materials and Methods: All studies published in journals or presented at scientific conferences were searched in Elsevier, PubMed, Cochrane, and SID databases using relevant keywords. After quality control, eligible articles were included in the study. Results: The results of this review article showed that studies on the effects of glucose-insulin-potassium treatment on mortality, cardiac enzyme levels, left ventricular ejection fraction, ST resolution, and inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers have been conflicting. But, generally, evidence from newer studies conducted on larger numbers of patients has shown ineffectiveness of glucose-insulin-potassium therapy. Conclusion: Currently, glucose-insulin-potassium therapy should not be recommended as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy.
Reihaneh Askary kachoosangy; Elaheh Habibi; Leila Hosseini
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 206-212
Abstract
Background and goal: High blood pressure (BP) is a health problem in all societies because of the association with ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases. With increasing BMI and overweight, increases the risk of high blood pressure. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship ...
Read More
Background and goal: High blood pressure (BP) is a health problem in all societies because of the association with ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases. With increasing BMI and overweight, increases the risk of high blood pressure. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between hypertension and obesity (increased Body Mass Index).
Materials and Method: This study was a cross- sectional one. 400 people of 30-60 years old which referred to Shahid Motahary clinic of Marvdasht in 1391, were randomly selected and evaluated. All evaluations were done by two trained nurses through interview and physical examination. In this study, the BP was measured by Nova Riester mercury sphygmomanometer with 10 mmHg accuracy, and the weight was measured by Beurer scale with 100gr accuracy, and height was measured with a tape measure. All data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 (version 18, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).
Findings: 20.46% of women and 19.40% of men had systolic blood pressure upper than 140. 9.35% of women and 11.25% of men had diastolic blood pressure upper than 90. 42.69% of women and 33.76% of men had BMI upper than 30. There is a significant relation between increased MBI and high blood pressure (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between overweight and obesity with hypertension in growing Iranian middle-aged population. Maintenance of normal weight and BMI are recommended as the primary prevention priorities of hypertension.