Rahim Golmohammadi; Ebrahim Shirzadeh
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January and February 2009, , Pages 226-230
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Technology has caused great progress in the novel molecular diagnosis and research methods in medical laboratory. Novel methods have also led to the higher accuracy rates in laboratory procedures which are of considerable importance in clinical follow-up of genetic diseases. Therefore ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Technology has caused great progress in the novel molecular diagnosis and research methods in medical laboratory. Novel methods have also led to the higher accuracy rates in laboratory procedures which are of considerable importance in clinical follow-up of genetic diseases. Therefore this study is intended to investigate factors affecting gene amplification in polymerase chain reaction in order to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods: This deh1ive analytical research was conducted on 61 adenocarcinoma specimens in the cellular and molecular departments of Sabzevar and Isfahan Universities of Medical Sciences in Iran. DNA was extracted by the standard kit; then the segment AURKA gene and P53 Gene were amplified using two pairs of specific primers and different concentration Mgcl2 in a PCR assay. PCR product was electrophoresized in agarose gel. Results: Electrophoresis of PCR product with Mgcl2 concentrations of 3 and 5 mm was better than 1.5 mm. The primer with concentration of 1 mm was better than 5 and 10 mm. From the two pairs of primers used in amplifying AURKA gene axon 4 one pair of primers was better than the other pair. From the two pairs of primers used for amplifying the axon 5 of P53 gene in PCR assay one pair was better than the other. Conclusions: Primer type and concentration of Mgcl2 are important in amplifying genes in the polymerase chain reaction assay.
Mehdi Roeen Fard; Hossein Share; Elham Haghi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 226-240
Abstract
Background: Individuals with social phobia don’t have a flexible approach to deal with stress and they are weak to practice social skills. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Heimberg- Becker group cognitive- behavioral therapy in Improving Female Adolescents Social Anxiety ...
Read More
Background: Individuals with social phobia don’t have a flexible approach to deal with stress and they are weak to practice social skills. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Heimberg- Becker group cognitive- behavioral therapy in Improving Female Adolescents Social Anxiety and Cognitive Flexibility.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental design, 24 patients with social phobia were selected from 2013-2014 highschool female students of Esfarayen, Iran. They randomly assigned to experimental (Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy Heimberg- Becker) and control groups. All subjects of both groups responded to Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ), and Clinical Global Index (CGI) at pre and post treatment. Data were analyzed by t-test and multiple analyses of variance (MANOVA) using SPSS-19 statistical package and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Also, improvement percents were computed.
Results: Results showed that CBGT compared to control group lead to more significant improvement in cognitive flexibility and social anxiety (P
Shila Moshrefi; Mahboobeh Nakhaee Moghaddam
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 228-233
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Increased spread of antibiotic resistance and treatment failure among Escherichia coli isolates, most common agent of urinary tract infection, can be related to the increasing prevalence of expanded spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) clinical isolates. The present study was conducted ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Increased spread of antibiotic resistance and treatment failure among Escherichia coli isolates, most common agent of urinary tract infection, can be related to the increasing prevalence of expanded spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) clinical isolates. The present study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates of E. coli in Mashad and to detect the ESBL producing strains among them.
Methods and Materials: In this descriptive study, 109 isolated E. coli were identified using differential biochemical experiments, from urine samples of hospitalized patients in Mashad hospitals (Ghaem and 17-Shahrivar Hospitals). The antibiotic susceptibility was examined by disc diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer standards. Detection of ESBL producers were done by double disc method. Data were analyzed by Statistica software using Chi-square….
Azadeh Soltanifar; Roya Samadi; Mohsen Pasandideh; Naghmeh Mokhber; Fatemeh Moharari; Atefeh Soltanifar
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 228-237
Abstract
Background: ADHD is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children. Methylphenidate is the most frequent medication prescribed for this disorder, while bupropion is suggested as an alternative for treatment. This research aims to compare the efficacy and safety of bupropion and methylphenidate ...
Read More
Background: ADHD is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children. Methylphenidate is the most frequent medication prescribed for this disorder, while bupropion is suggested as an alternative for treatment. This research aims to compare the efficacy and safety of bupropion and methylphenidate (Ritalin) in children with ADHD. Materials and Methods: Forty children with ADHD, aged 6 to 12 years, from consecutive referrals to child psychiatric clinic of Ibn-e-Sina hospital were selected and randomly divided into two categories (treatment with methylphenidate or bupropion). Evaluations were carried out based on ADHD Rating Scale (by teacher and parent) and Global Clinical Scale (by clinician) at the beginning of the study and again after 4 and 8 weeks of the study. Adverse effects were also checked at 4 and 8 weeks. Data was analyzed using SPSS software, version 11.5. Results: Data was normally distributed in the two categories in terms of demographic and quantitative variables. Therapeutic response, in parents’ views, was better in Ritalin group and was significantly different at the end of the 8th week (p=0.014). Ritalin was also more efficacious in teachers’ views, but had no significant advantage (p=0.092). Global clinical scale showed a significant advantage in both categories regarding response to therapy (p=0.014). Therapy was seen efficacious by parents, teachers, and clinician (p
Seyyed Homayon Sadraei; MohammadHosein Asadi; Khosro Jadidi; Mostafa Naderi; Gholamreza Kaka; Gholamreza PourHeidari
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 229-235
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Eyes are among the most sensitive organs to chemical agents especially Sulfur mustard or Hun Distilled. Therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown on the decrease of epithelium of corneal injuries after being exposed to sulfur mustard. The aim of the present ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Eyes are among the most sensitive organs to chemical agents especially Sulfur mustard or Hun Distilled. Therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown on the decrease of epithelium of corneal injuries after being exposed to sulfur mustard. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of topically applied Bethametazone - Diclofenac Na in rabbits. Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, thirty six rabbits were used. Animals were randomly divided into six equal groups (6 rabbits in each group) including control, solution and mustard groups and prophylaxis groups included Betamethasone, Diclofenac Na; Betamethasone-Diclofenac Na were applied before being exposed to the sulfur mustard solution. Animals were kept for 2 weeks and the drugs were used 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Slit-lamp examinations were performed under anesthesia before exposure and subsequently at days 1, 2, 5, 7, and 14 after sulfur mustard exposure by ophthalmologists. At the end of the 14th day, specimens of cornea were obtained for ultrastructural evaluation of corneal epithelium. Statistical analysis was performed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s test using SPSS 13 software. Results: No significant differences were found between the control and solvent groups as far as the variables were concerned. Corneal epithelial defect and severe changes in ultrastructure of corneal epithelial surface was found in the sulfur mustard group. Clinically, corneal epithelial defect in prophylactic Diclofenac Na group (4.2±1.32) decreased significantly when compared to the mustard group (68.7±8.42) (P=0.034). Betamethasone-Diclofenac Na group (4.2±1.17) also decreased significantly when compared to the mustard group (68.7±8.42) (P=0.031). The corneal epithelial defect was not seen in prophylactic Betamethasone group. Ultrastructural damage of corneal epithelial surface and their microvillus in Betamethasone group was similar to the control group. Conclusion: Betamethazone is capable of protecting corneal epithelial defect in the eyes of rabbits exposed to sulfur mustard.
Mojtaba Rad; Javad Ganjlo; Abdol ghader Asarodi
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 230-235
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Tracheostomy is a second selective approach to management the upper respiratory tract obstructions after intubation and used in patients who require long-term ventilation. This article reports a rare complication, entering the fractured tracheostomy tube into the left bronchus.
The ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Tracheostomy is a second selective approach to management the upper respiratory tract obstructions after intubation and used in patients who require long-term ventilation. This article reports a rare complication, entering the fractured tracheostomy tube into the left bronchus.
The Patient: A 74-year-old man with a large hematoma in the right frontal lobe, Craniotomy surgery and evacuated of hematoma was done. A Patient's metal tracheostomy tube fractured and entered into the left bronchus that is a rare complication. The ICU staff immediately recognized and ENT specialist removed the fractured tube with rigid bronchoscopy.
Conclusion: Fracturing of the Tracheostomy tube is one of the rare complications that need careful examination before the tubes used and applying the standard tracheostomy tube Should be considered.
Fatemeh Rahnama; Masomeh Hasehmiyan; Roya Akbarzadeh; Arash Akabari
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January and February 2009, , Pages 231-236
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Most congenital anomalies are preventable and their identification and prevention are much more cost-effective than their treatment and rehabilitation. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of apparent congenital anomalies in neonates born in Mobini Maternity ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Most congenital anomalies are preventable and their identification and prevention are much more cost-effective than their treatment and rehabilitation. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of apparent congenital anomalies in neonates born in Mobini Maternity Hospital in Sabzevar Iran. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional deh1ive research was conducted on all neonates born with apparent anomalies from February 2005 to February 2006. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire including the information on parents neonate and the anomaly which was confirmed by a pediatrician. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using chi-square. Results: Out of 7786 live neonates 191 cases (2.4%) had distinct congenital anomalies. Incidence of anomalies was 56.5% in males (108 cases) which was significantly higher than females (p
A AKABERI; A KOUSHAKI; Z BOLOURIAN; M BAGHBANI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 231-237
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Monitoring infants' physical growth is one of the important methods of determining the nutritional status and well being. It can also play an important part in diagnosing developmental growth and malnutrition in the earlier stages of life. This study is therefore intended to investigate ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Monitoring infants' physical growth is one of the important methods of determining the nutritional status and well being. It can also play an important part in diagnosing developmental growth and malnutrition in the earlier stages of life. This study is therefore intended to investigate the anthropometric indexes of infants of up to one year old and to compare the results with NCHS.
Methods and Materials: This is a descriptive analytical study conducted on the population of infants of up to one year old admitted to health clinics in Sabzevar, Iran in 2005. 873 infants were randomly, and in proportion to the number of infants under the care giving programs of each clinic, selected as the study sample. Under constant circumstances, weight, height and head perimeter were measured by kilogram, centimeter and centimeter respectively for all subjects. The study instruments included interview and observation checklists and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive figures and tables, chi Square and comparison of relations.
Results: The subjects were found to be under the third NCHS percentile 10.5% by weight/age index, 6.5% by height/age index and 14% by head perimeter/age index, and the difference was statistically significant (p
Amir Heidari; Tahmineh Peirouvi; Azam Akbari; Rahim Mahmoudloo
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 232-237
Abstract
Background and purpose: In human cytochrome P450 (CYP), enzymes are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of many medicines. The greatest metabolism proportions are carried out by enzymes that are found in the liver. CYPs are located in the microsomes. For these reasons preparation of microsomes and ...
Read More
Background and purpose: In human cytochrome P450 (CYP), enzymes are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of many medicines. The greatest metabolism proportions are carried out by enzymes that are found in the liver. CYPs are located in the microsomes. For these reasons preparation of microsomes and measurement of their protein are very important to determine the potency of liver for metabolic elimination of drugs in humans. The aim of this project was to extract microsmes and determine levels of microsomal protein in human tissue.
Methods: Eighteen biopsies of human liver were obtained with their consents from patients undergoing surgery. Liver samples were finely chopped and homogenized in the buffer. Liver homogenate was centrifuged in different steps to yield a microsomal pellet. Then content of total protein was determined according to Lowry method. Data were analyzed according to descriptive statistics method.
Results: The value of MPPGL (microsomal protein per gram of liver) ranged from14.1 to 27.2 mg per gram of liver (mean 20.24±3.77).
Conclusion: The values of MPPGL in this project were reported for the first time in Iran. The mean value of MPPGL in this project is lower than others studies. These results in this area, will aid the physicians to improve the level of safety of prescription of the medicines. Many doctors are unaware of the possible risks for patients whom have exposed by being treated with drugs.
Hamidreza Estiri; Shahrookh Ranjbar Bahadori; Mehrnoosh Kashefinejad
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 234-239
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Vegetables are one of the most important agents in transmission of parasitic infections to human, and determining their infectious rate ahs been the center of attention. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine and compare the parasitic and non-parasitic infections ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Vegetables are one of the most important agents in transmission of parasitic infections to human, and determining their infectious rate ahs been the center of attention. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine and compare the parasitic and non-parasitic infections of vegetables before and after washing, disinfecting and packaging processes in the vegetable processing farms. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 345 samples of different types of vegetables from 30 farms before washing process as well as 200 samples after the washing, disinfecting and packaging processes between September and November 2008. The samples were studied through timed sedimentary and then through centrifuged condensation methods. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square. Results: The results showed that 185 samples out of 345 (53.62%) from farms were infected by parasitic and non-parasitic agents. The infection to ova of Ascaris sp (2.32%), Taenia spp (1.74%) and Trichostrongylus sp (0.58%) had the highest rate, respectively. Moreover, results showed that all of 200 samples from vegetable processing farm had no infection. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between the infection in samples from farms and those from vegetable processing farm. Conclusion: The results showed the absence of infections in studied vegetables after washing, disinfecting and packaging processes in the vegetable processing farms, and confirmed the role of processing in the elimination of infections
Akbar Pejhan; Seyyed Javad Mirnajafizadeh; Mohammad Mohammadzadeh; Arash Akaberi
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 235-243
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Ethanol is known as anticonvulsant and proconvulsant but sometimes has no effect on seizure. There is no report about the role of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of Valproic acid (VPA). In this study، we explore the effect of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of VPA.
Methods ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Ethanol is known as anticonvulsant and proconvulsant but sometimes has no effect on seizure. There is no report about the role of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of Valproic acid (VPA). In this study، we explore the effect of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of VPA.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، eight groups of mice (25-30 gr) were injected pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (37 mg/kg; ip) every other day (3 times a week). Groups receiving ethanol (0.5 and 1 g/kg; 7 and 21 continuous days; everyday; ip)، PTZ was injected 30 minutes after ethanol. In Valproic acid+ethanol، Valproic acid (100 mg/kg) was injected 5 minutes before ethanol (1 g/kg). Immediately after PTZ injection، seizure stages were recorded for 20 min. Seizure stage-4 duration (S4D)، seizure stage-4 latency (S4L) and seizure stage 1 latency (S1L) were recorded from each mouse after PTZ injection، and data were compared with control groups. The basis of all decisions was a significant level of P
Bahram RashidKhani; Tirang Rezaneyestani; Shahin Rasooli; Atena Ramezani; Farideh Tahbaz
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 236-247
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Variation and increase in the levels of inflammatory factors and glycemia are among the major problems of type 2 diabetics. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of beta carotene-enriched carrot juice on CRP inflammatory indexes, IL-6 and FBS glucose ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Variation and increase in the levels of inflammatory factors and glycemia are among the major problems of type 2 diabetics. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of beta carotene-enriched carrot juice on CRP inflammatory indexes, IL-6 and FBS glucose in diabetics. Methods and Materials: This randomized double blind clinical trial was conducted on 44 type 2 diabetics. Participants based on gender and BMI were assigned into two groups (Group A receiving 200 ml carrot juice enriched with 10 mg beta carotene and Group B receiving normal carrot juice) by randomized stratified sampling. Both groups received 200 ml carrot juice for 8 weeks for lunch (instead of cereals). A 24-hour recall was obtained for 3 consecutive and 6 concomitant days at the beginning and end of the study duration. Also, CRP, IL-6, FBS glucose and serum beta carotene levels were measured in FBS blood sample at the beginning and end of the study duration. The consumption data were fed into Nutritionist IV, and analyzed in SPSS 11.5. Results: Each group consisted of 22 (11 male and 11 female diabetics) participants. There was a significant increase in the levels of beta carotene in group A (111.9±64.9 at the beginning and 72±43.9 at the end) (p=0.02). However, the reduction of CRP in Group A (-996.9±2172.6 at the beginning and -537.3±1412.4 at the end) was not significant (p=0.098). Also, IL-6 reduction in Group A (-0.8±2.1 at the beginning and -0.6±2.4 at the end) was not significant (p=0.085). FBS glucose was also not examined in the present study. Conclusion: Daily consumption of carrot juice enriched with 10 mg beta carotene for eight weeks caused an improvement in the levels of serum antioxidants including beta carotene in type 2 diabetics, with no significant effects on serum glucose and inflammatory indexes.
Ebrahim Javadi; Mohsen Ghofrani
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 236-241
Abstract
Background: The purpose this study was the effect of one session endurance running (5000 m) on the level of serum electrolytes.
Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental, 14 male runners participated in the test, voluntarily. After warm-up, subjects ran distances of 5,000 meters in 23 minutes ...
Read More
Background: The purpose this study was the effect of one session endurance running (5000 m) on the level of serum electrolytes.
Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental, 14 male runners participated in the test, voluntarily. After warm-up, subjects ran distances of 5,000 meters in 23 minutes and participated in the second blood sampling. Photometer and spectrophotometer video device to determine blood electrolytes were used.
Results: 5,000-meter run at Tehran's climate caused significant change in serum sodium (p=0/039, t=2/30).Serum calcium levels also rose significantly in the amount of 7/1 percent (p=0/005, t=-3/37).
Conclusion: the 5000-meter run, Increases in sodium and calcium in the blood serum and Reduces the amount of potassium.
V ZAROUSHANI; SB MORTAZAVI; A KHAVANIN; A REZAEI; R MIRZAEI
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 238-245
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Application of 9/5 MHz microwaves in mobiles causes thermal and non-thermal effects. Due to occupational exposure to microwaves particularly in telecommunication operators, and due to the importance of antioxidants in immune system and prevention of diseases, this study was designed ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Application of 9/5 MHz microwaves in mobiles causes thermal and non-thermal effects. Due to occupational exposure to microwaves particularly in telecommunication operators, and due to the importance of antioxidants in immune system and prevention of diseases, this study was designed to investigate the biological effects of 915 MHz microwaves in mobiles on antioxidant changes and their eversibility to normal after disconnected exposure.
Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 14 white male rabbits (three month old/1400-1700 gr) of pure NewZealand race. They were randomly assigned into case and control groups. Case rabbits were exposed, for three weeks 8 hours a day, to simulated mobile microwaves of 915 MHz frequency and mean density of 0.6789 mW/cm2 in radiation chamber. In order to investigate the reversibility of antioxidant capacity to normal, the exposure was disconnected for two weeks. Blood samples by cardiac puncture were obtained from both groups in three intervals (after 3 weeks exposure, after one week rest, again after two weeks) and plasma antioxidant was measured by FRAP assay. The absorption rate of TPT2-Fe+2 was read in 593 nm by spectrophotometer. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using ANOVA and Tukey testes.
Results: The results of mean comparison of antioxidant concentration in control rabbits (890.61±104.555 mmol/lit) and case rabbits after threeweek exposure (630.61±151.08 mmol/lit) showed significant differences. The results of mean comparison of antioxidant concentration in control rabbits (870.28±104.55 mmol/lit) and case rabbits after a one-week disconnection (575.33±132.58 mmol/lit) and two weeks after disconnected exposure (526.66±20.66 mmol/lit) indicated that the induced effects were not reversible, and that they are statistically different from control rabbits' antioxidant mean.
Conclusion: Mobile-induced microwaves decreases plasma antioxidant capacity and it can be a harmful physical effect. Disconnection from exposure for two weeks is not sufficient for returning antioxidant capacity to normal due to occupational chronic exposure to mobile microwave radiation, chain reactions producing radicals and their persistence or stability or causing instability to parent molecules.
Hasan Ramshini
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 238-248
Abstract
Background: In brain tumors, the main source of energy is from glycolysis, which is initiated by hexokinase type I (HK-I), an enzyme bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane, involving two sets of binding sites. In addition to the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)-sensitive site (Type A), the enzyme is bound ...
Read More
Background: In brain tumors, the main source of energy is from glycolysis, which is initiated by hexokinase type I (HK-I), an enzyme bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane, involving two sets of binding sites. In addition to the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)-sensitive site (Type A), the enzyme is bound on a second set of sites (Type B) which are insensitive to G6P, but totally releasable by high concentrations of chaotropic salts such as KSCN. In the present study, we investigate possible changes in HK-I binding to the outer mitochondrial membrane during malignancy. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 2 mM G6P was used for releasing enzyme from site A, while site B was depleted using a mixture of KSCN and KCl with a total concentration of 45 mM. For blocking binding sites in site A, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) was used. Results: DCCD, which normally has the capacity to block HK-I binding at site A, was found ineffective for mitochondria obtained from astrocytoma and glioma specimens, presumably due to changes in the microenvironment of Glu 72 of porin with which it interacts. It also appears that increased incorporation of cholesterol, reported to occur in the mitochondria of cancer cells, may influence HK binding due to changes in mitochondrial membrane fluidity. Conclusion: Taken together, these results support earlier conclusions on possible changes in the microenvironment of bound HK-I and also fluidity of membrane upon malignancy.
Mohsen Barooni; Ahmad Rahbar; Ali Abzareh; Hadi Hami Parsa
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 238-245
Abstract
Background and purpose: Hospitals as the largest and most costly units in health care systems play a special role. The rate of their efficiency can be considered as a criterion for the measurement of performance and productivity of resource consumption in hospitals. The purpose of this study is to determine ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Hospitals as the largest and most costly units in health care systems play a special role. The rate of their efficiency can be considered as a criterion for the measurement of performance and productivity of resource consumption in hospitals. The purpose of this study is to determine the technical efficiency of public hospitals of Qom University of medical sciences.
Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive – analytic study. In this research, for determining the efficiency of Qom University of Medical sciences which includes six teaching hospitals and two public hospitals, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)method used. Data and relevant Statistics were collected from medical record ward of those hospitals and were processed by Deap2 software to achieve the objectives of the research.
Results: The average technical efficiency score in 2011 and 2012 was estimated 0.717 and 0.751. With regard to technical efficiency score in 2012,the efficiency score of one hospital was 1 and three hospitals were between 1 – 0.8 and four hospitals were less than 0.8 .But in 2011 one hospital had the efficiency score of 1 and two hospitals had between 1-0.8 and other hospitals had less than 0.8.
Conclusions: The studied hospitals for achieving the maximum efficiency should reduce the number of extra product factors from initial product factors to achieve desired efficiency level. Because in 2011 and 2012, with the efficiency of %71 and %75 of their resources, respectively, could achieve the same output level.
Majid Ghazanfari; Javad Ganjloo
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, , Pages 240-243
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Most corticosteroids are dose- and duration-dependent. Dexamethasoe has been the highly used drug in the country in the last years, and can produce a pseudo-kushing syndrome if use in the long run. In the present paper, we will report a case of dexamethasone use for twenty years. ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Most corticosteroids are dose- and duration-dependent. Dexamethasoe has been the highly used drug in the country in the last years, and can produce a pseudo-kushing syndrome if use in the long run. In the present paper, we will report a case of dexamethasone use for twenty years. The Patient: The patient is 52-year old man, married but has no child; he has started injecting dexamethasone 30 years ago; he keeps cattle and has a farm too. The patient was hospitalized first with a diagnosis of drug-resisitant brucellosis in Jovein, Iran. Laboratory tests indiated anemia, leukocytosis, hypocalemia, hypocalcemia and hyponathremia; he was discharged from the hospital four days later. Two days later, he was referred to neurocerebral surgeon due to backache, lower and upper limbs numbness, and walking disorder with a diagnosis of spastic quadriparesia and babinsky. Sixteen days after that, he underwent a total laminectomy surgery of C3-C6 with the diagnosis of cervical myelopathy. He had already been hospitalized in Mashad, Iran for a fever of unknown causes two years before that, and cataract surgery of both eyes. Conclusion: Long-term use of dexamthasone has caused six hospitalizations, diagnostic measures, medical interventions and surgical procedures for the patient reported here.
Reza Papoli; Fatemeh Ghiasi; Asghar Akbari; MohammadAli Jalali
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 241-251
Abstract
Background: Changing in anthropometrics index can cause a reduction in the balance of body and may be considered as a contributing factor in falling down. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and static and dynamic postural balance among healthy subjects.
Materials ...
Read More
Background: Changing in anthropometrics index can cause a reduction in the balance of body and may be considered as a contributing factor in falling down. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and static and dynamic postural balance among healthy subjects.
Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy male and female University students were selected through simple non-probability sampling. Static and dynamic stability index were measured by means of Biodex Balance System and also a tape measure and non-digital scale were used to examine Anthropometrics index. Obtained data were analyzed through Independent t-test and Pearson Correlation test(p0.05) (for example: the overall static stability index r= 0.21, p=0.30 in male group) while, there was observed a significant correlation between dynamic stability index and BMI, Weight and Height variables among male and female groups (p
Naghmeh Mokhber; Mahmoudreza Azarpajooh; Negar Asgharipoor
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 242-248
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we evaluated personality traits and disorders among patients with CPS using Millon Test.
Material and Method:This survey was a descriptive analytic study. We evaluated all of the patients with CPS in outpatients clinic of Avesina and Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of medical ...
Read More
Aim: In this study, we evaluated personality traits and disorders among patients with CPS using Millon Test.
Material and Method:This survey was a descriptive analytic study. We evaluated all of the patients with CPS in outpatients clinic of Avesina and Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of medical Sciences. Finally, 74 patients with CPS and 100 normal volunteers were recruited and Millon test was performed by a psychiatrist who was blind to the diagnosis.
Finding:In this study, 74.2% of the patients and 31.5% of control group had at least one pathological personality trait (P
Farideh Eghdampour; Esmat Mehrabi; Mohsen Taghizadeh; Masomeh Kheyrkhah; Hamid Haghani; Fereshteh Jahdi
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 243-249
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Aloe vera has long been used as a medication of many diseases but the research approving its analgesic effects are not many. Since the effect of its ointment on episiotomy pain has been investigated، we intended to determine the effect of aloe vera ointment on the pain intensity ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Aloe vera has long been used as a medication of many diseases but the research approving its analgesic effects are not many. Since the effect of its ointment on episiotomy pain has been investigated، we intended to determine the effect of aloe vera ointment on the pain intensity of episiotomy among primiparous women.
Methods and Materials: This blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 74 primiparous women، having the inclusion criteria، admitted to Lolagar hospital in Tehran، Iran; the participants were continuously assigned into two groups by random allocation: experimental (using the aloe vera ointment) and control (routine medication). The experimental group (37 women) consumed Aloe vera ointment 3cc / 60 mg every 8 hours; and the control group (37 women) consumed the hospital routine care (Povidone Iodine) for five days. Data collection instruments were a demographic questionnaire and VAS scale، for recording the pain intensity before application، 4 and 8 hours and 5 days after application in both groups. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using independent t-test and chi-square. Results: Mean pain score of the experimental and control groups before application of aloe vera ointment were 6.24±1.57 and 6.02±1.77 respectively، which reduced to 1.86±1.45 and 3.97±2.19 respectively five days after intervention; the difference between the two groups was significant (p
MM HASANZADEH TAHERI; F SALEHI; SH AKHBARI; A EHSANBAKHSH
Volume 14, Issue 4 , January and February 2008, , Pages 246-251
Abstract
Background and purpose: Craniosynostosis is the premature fastening of skull sutures, mainly characterized by Apert syndrome and more often associated with syndactyly. This paper is intended to report a neonatal case of Apert syndrome associated with Dandy walker malformation, corpus callosum agenesis ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Craniosynostosis is the premature fastening of skull sutures, mainly characterized by Apert syndrome and more often associated with syndactyly. This paper is intended to report a neonatal case of Apert syndrome associated with Dandy walker malformation, corpus callosum agenesis and pneumothorax simultaneously.
The patient: A female neonate was born in a teaching hospital in Birjand, Iran , who shoured, from birth, respiratory distress, skull malformation and syndactyly in hands and legs. Upon physical examinations, peripheral cyanosis, mild respiratory distress with a decrease in the lung sounds of the left side as well as syndactyly of all fingers and toes were obserrable. Left side pneumothorax was obserred in the chest X-ray; and partial synostosis was obrious in head X-ray. Also, skull Ct scan revealed cystic dilation in the fourth cerebral ventricle (Dandy walker malformation) and corpus callosum agenesis. Pneumothorax was treated using chest-tube insertion, and the patient was referred to neurosurgeon after being reliened from respiratoly distress.
Conclusion: Apert syndrome can occur simultaneously with Dandy walker malformation, corpus callosum agenesis and pueumothorax.
Samira Rahimnejad; Majid Motamedzadeh; Razzagh Rahimpoor
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 246-255
Abstract
Background and purpose: The Upper Limb Disorders (ULDs) are the most prevalent types of occupational injuries, which appear following long exposure to ergonomics factors with specific repetition. The present study was aimed at assessing the upper limb disorders among assembly lines workers using Health ...
Read More
Background and purpose: The Upper Limb Disorders (ULDs) are the most prevalent types of occupational injuries, which appear following long exposure to ergonomics factors with specific repetition. The present study was aimed at assessing the upper limb disorders among assembly lines workers using Health and Safety Executive (HSE) method and and also evaluating it's correlation with sense of pain in gas control company of Iran.
Material and Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was carried out on 40 assembly workers. In order to evaluate the ULDs, study was began by using Risk Factor and accurate assessment HSE questionnaires, then thequantitative indicator Body Map was used for measuring workers pain sense. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS16.
Results: The measured quantities of risk factor of repetition, working postures arm and shoulder, head and neck and fingers, hand and wrist were 92.5%, 72.5%, 50.0% and 45.0% respectively. Work history and gender were significantly related with most disorders (P-Value= 0.022 and 0.001 respectively). The best correlation coefficient was between postures arm and shoulder, postures hand and wrist, repetition with hand and shoulder pain level(R= 0.62, 0.67, 0.74 and 0.72 respectively).
Conclusion: Prevalence of the ULDs among assembly workers was high. Considering the low age and work history level of workers, an increase in ULDs signs intensity is predicted in the not too distant future.
Farideh Akhlaghi; Saeed Ebrahimzadeh; Roya Baghani; Seddigheh Azhari; Javad Salehi Federdi
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 248-255
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Self-efficacy is a modifiable psychological variable in sustained breastfeeding that is defined as a mother's confidence in her perceived ability for successful and exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of “Hands ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Self-efficacy is a modifiable psychological variable in sustained breastfeeding that is defined as a mother's confidence in her perceived ability for successful and exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of “Hands on” and” Hands off” methods on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous mothers. Materials and Methods: In this experimental single-blind study, 124 primiparous women were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. Participants in the experimental group received one of the structured one-on-one educational sessions (i.e., hands-off or hands-on) within the first two hours of giving birth to her child. Mothers in control group received usual postpartum care. Follow-up assessments were conducted one, four, and eight weeks after the birth. Data collection was done through interview forms, examination and observation, checklist of breastfeeding status, breastfeeding self-efficacy and daily-feeding form. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis and correlation coefficient (p
Naghmeh Mokhber; Ahmad Emami; Seyyed Reza Mazloum; Masomeh Kanani
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 249-257
Abstract
Background: All hemodialysis patients experience some degree of anxiety during hemodialysis. Anxiety increases morbidity and mortality. The aim of this research is to compare the effect of orange essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety of hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, ...
Read More
Background: All hemodialysis patients experience some degree of anxiety during hemodialysis. Anxiety increases morbidity and mortality. The aim of this research is to compare the effect of orange essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety of hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, sixty-two hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two groups: an orange oil group (n=31), and a usual care group (n=31). In orange oil group, subjects inhaled orange oil using handkerchiefs smeared with orange oil for 15-20 minutes. This method was used three times a week for four weeks. In the usual care group, subjects received the routine care of the hemodialysis ward. The level of anxiety in the two groups was measured and compared before intervention, as well as after the first, second, third, and fourth weeks of intervention, using Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire.Results: Before intervention, the mean state anxiety scores were 46.9±9.7 and 48.3±11.6 and the mean trait anxiety scores were 46.5±9.2 and 47.9±11.6 in orange oil and usual care groups, respectively. After intervention, the mean state anxiety scores were 35.9±8.7 and 45.1±1.7 and the mean trait anxiety scores were 36.0±10.0 and 45.6±11.8 in orange oil and usual care groups, respectively. In orange oil group, the level of state and trait anxiety decreased significantly compared with usual care group (p
Hasan NikNejad; Ghasem YazdanPanah; Fatemeh Asee Tehrani; Ghodsiyeh Paeeni Vayghan
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 249-258
Abstract
Introduction & Objective: The amniotic membrane (AM) has distinctive characteristics and potentials that make it a proper biomaterial for tissue engineering. There are varieties of methods for preserving the AM. In this study, the AM was preserved using different methods. The effect of preservation ...
Read More
Introduction & Objective: The amniotic membrane (AM) has distinctive characteristics and potentials that make it a proper biomaterial for tissue engineering. There are varieties of methods for preserving the AM. In this study, the AM was preserved using different methods. The effect of preservation on tissue composition and physical and mechanical properties was compared between preserved and fresh samples of the AM.
Materials & Methods: The human AM was preserved after being detached from the placenta. It was preserved using either cryopreservation methods (in temperature of -80 ºC, for 6 months) or lyophilization. The preserved AM was histologically assessed using light and electronic microscopy. Mechanical tolerance of the preserved AM was also measured using uniaxial tension test, suture retention test and thickness calculation.
Results: This study showed that the value of Fmax and elongation at break in the cryopreserved and lyophilaized AM was smaller than the same value in the fresh AM samples. All of the samples had same tolerance in suture retention test, although lyophilaized samples of the AM were thinner than other types of the samples. Tissue composition (histological properties) regarding epithelial cells and tissue layers of the AM were not the same in different samples.
Conclusion: Cryopreservation and lyophilization as two preservation methods of the AM, can affect the tissue composition and physical and mechanical features of the AM. Thus the preservation method for the AM can be chosen regarding the final usage of the AM as a biomaterial.