Physical Education
farzaneh saki; parisa sedaghati; farzaneh saki
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 537-545
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Knee valgus during dynamic activities can lead to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. The perpuse of this study was to investigate range of motion and isometric strength of ankle joint between gilrs who exhibit medial knee displacement during squat in compraed to control ...
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Background and Objectives: Knee valgus during dynamic activities can lead to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. The perpuse of this study was to investigate range of motion and isometric strength of ankle joint between gilrs who exhibit medial knee displacement during squat in compraed to control group.Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out on forty healthy females (control, 20 ; dynamic knee valgus, 20) with no lower-extremity injury in the past 6 months elected randomly according to inclusion criteria. Peak isometric strength was measured in kilogeram using a hand-held dynamometer and active range of motion was measured in degrees with a goniometer. Independent t- test and Multi-variate analyses of variance were used to determine differences in strength and range of motion between groups (P≤0.05).Results: The reasults showed dynamic valgus group had the less dorsiflexion range of motion (P=0.000), increased eversion range of motion (P=0.024) and less plantarflexion strength (P=0.000) in compraed to control group.Conclusion: According to present results interventions focusing on improving strength and range of motion of the ankle may improve kinematics during dynamic activities.
Physical Education
Maryam Shabani; Mohammad Sharafati Moghadam; Farhad Daryanoosh; Hamed Alizade Pahlavani
Volume 24, Issue 5 , September and October 2018, , Pages 305-310
Abstract
Background Objectives: Cardiac troponin as a marker of heart, play a vital role in the diagnosis of heart disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of four weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic training on troponin T content in healthy male rats’ myocardial ...
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Background Objectives: Cardiac troponin as a marker of heart, play a vital role in the diagnosis of heart disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of four weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic training on troponin T content in healthy male rats’ myocardial tissue.Materials & Methods: In this study, 36 Wistar rats 2 months with an average weight 180±20 were selected and randomly assigned divided into three groups, control (n=12), HIIT (n=12), and aerobic (n=12) groups; experimental group 5 days a week in accordance with their training program for 4 weeks to exercise. After 4 weeks, ANOVA test and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for analysis.Results: The results showed a no significant difference between the mean troponin T HIIT exercise and control groups. Troponin T is also a no significant difference between the Aerobic training and control groups.Conclusions: Based on the findings of troponin T in none of the groups had no significant change, It seems that exercise HIIT and Aerobic training with duration of 4 weeks do not damage the heart tissue.
Physical Education
parisa sedaghati; hasan daneshmandi; Mozhgan ashtari; abo taleb saremi
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 279-286
Abstract
Background: The aim of this research was to study the effects of eight weeks aquatic gymnastics Training on the Intensity of Low Back Pain in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was carried out sampling primiparous women (n=62, age range: 28-35 year) in the second trimester of ...
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Background: The aim of this research was to study the effects of eight weeks aquatic gymnastics Training on the Intensity of Low Back Pain in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was carried out sampling primiparous women (n=62, age range: 28-35 year) in the second trimester of pregnancy were Purposefully selected and divided into two control (n=30) and experimental (n=32) groups. The experimental group performed a 8 week aquatic gymnastics Training both in water and land in the presence of the researcher, with the collaboration of aquatic gymnastics experts and under the supervision of a medical specialist at specialty hospital of Sarem (Tehran-Iran). The Qubeck low back pain standard questionnaire and Burg exercise intensity measurement scale were utilized to compare the results between the pre-/ post-test. The paired t-test and Covariance were used for analysis by SPSS V.19. Results :The results revealed that a 8 week aquatic gymnastics Training significantly relieved the low back pain and promoted the general health of the primiparous women during the second trimester of pregnancy (P=0.001). The back pain intensity was increased in control group (P=0/023). Conclusion: Based on findings of the present study, as aquatic gymnastics Training can eliminate the low back pain and promote the general health among the pregnants, it can be suggested as a non-aggressive method
Physical Education
Parvin Farzanegi; Mirabdollah Tahramozi
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 327-333
Abstract
Background and aim: Chronic kidney disease as an important risk factor associated with some disorders including hypertension and heart failure which is the major cause of death and disability in older people. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two types aerobic exercise ...
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Background and aim: Chronic kidney disease as an important risk factor associated with some disorders including hypertension and heart failure which is the major cause of death and disability in older people. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two types aerobic exercise on levels of apelin and its receptor in the old rats heart tissue with chronic kidney disease Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, 28 aged male wistar rats )48 to 50 weeks) were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: control, doxorubicin, doxorubicin-30minutes training and doxorubicin-60 minutes training. Chronic kidney disease induced by a single subcutaneous injection of doxorubicin (8.5 mg kg). The swimming training program includes 3 times per week, 30 and 60 minutes for 8 weeks. The levels of apelin and its receptor in heart tissue measured by using ELISA method. one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data)p
Physical Education
Laleh Hamboshi; Elaheh Arab Ameri
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 409-417
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to explore the effect of motor independent and dependent visual perception practices ondynamic visual acuityand depth perceptions among children aged 7-8 years.Materials and methods:One hundred and seven primary school students were randomly selected through purposive ...
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Background: The present study aimed to explore the effect of motor independent and dependent visual perception practices ondynamic visual acuityand depth perceptions among children aged 7-8 years.Materials and methods:One hundred and seven primary school students were randomly selected through purposive sampling and divided into two experimental groups (visual perception exercises dependent vs independent to movement) and a control group. Experimental subjects were trained for 6 weeks and each week constituted three 45-minute sessions suited for their own planned training sessions. Analysis of Variance analysis (ANOVA) for within and between-group andKruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the depth and dynamic visual acuity perception respectively.Results:The results indicated that motor independent and dependent training had improved the components of depth perception and dynamic visual acuity in children aged 7-8 years, but there was no significant difference between these two training methods.Conclusion:This conformed movement Pyne&Issac’shypothesis (2005), which stated that the important issue in the development and adjustment of visual perceptual components is not an individual's movement, but selective attention to moving objects.
Physical Education
Hossein TaheriChadorneshin; mysam alipour raz; Mohammad Reza Yousefi; Sakineh Mokhtari-Motameni-Shivan
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 441-450
Abstract
Background: Bruce and Cooper tests are used to determine the maximum oxygen consumption. However, the response of the indicators of muscle cell damage (Lactate dehydrogenase, Creatine kinase), cardiac (Creatine kinase-MB), and liver (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase and Alkaline phosphatase) ...
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Background: Bruce and Cooper tests are used to determine the maximum oxygen consumption. However, the response of the indicators of muscle cell damage (Lactate dehydrogenase, Creatine kinase), cardiac (Creatine kinase-MB), and liver (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase and Alkaline phosphatase) have not been compared following Bruce and Cooper tests.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 18 sedentary male students (age: 20.88 ± 2.27 years, body mass index 22.67 ± 1.36 kg/m2), performed Bruce and Cooper protocols in two separate periods (one month interval). Blood sampling was taken before, immediately, 24 and 48 hours after each test. Serum concentrations of dependent variables were determined by commercial kits. Repeated measure and covariance analysis has been used to evaluated statistical difference in inter and intra group at P
Physical Education
Asra Askari; Amir Rashidlamir; Nahid Bijeh; Majid momeni-moghaddam
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 451-460
Abstract
Background:Neurotrophin-3 is among the biomarkers studied in MS.Regarding the fact that Exercise training has been proposed as an effective non-drug way of treating Multiple Sclerosis(MS),the present study aims at investigatingthe effect of eight weeks’ aquatic exercise and resistance training ...
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Background:Neurotrophin-3 is among the biomarkers studied in MS.Regarding the fact that Exercise training has been proposed as an effective non-drug way of treating Multiple Sclerosis(MS),the present study aims at investigatingthe effect of eight weeks’ aquatic exercise and resistance training programs on the plasmatic levels and gene expression of neurotrophin-3in MS patients.Materials and methods:To the aims of the present study,30women with MS were randomly selected and assigned to three groups:the control group,resistance training group,and aquatic exercise group. Resistance training and aquatic exercise programs were used for 8weeks.After separating plasma and PBMNcells,plasmatic levels and the expression of neurotrophin-3gene were measured via ELISA and real-timePCR,respectively.Inorder to compare the means,plasmatic levels and the gene expression of neurotrophin-3of the three groups were Analyzed by the ANCOVAtest at the significance level of p≤0.05through SPSS18. Results:The results showed a significant increase in plasma levels neurotrophin-3of the three groups (p=0.001).The Scheffe post hoc test was significant in two by two comparisons of the aquatic group and resistance training group with the control group (p=0.001,p=0.001,respectively).However,the difference between the aquatic and resistance groups was not significant(p=0.329).Moreover,there was a significant increase in the gene expression of neurotrophin-3of the three groups(p=0.001).Based on the Scheffe test,the mean differences between the aquatic and resistance groups,and the control group were(p=0.053,p=0.001,respectively).However,non-significant differences in the gene expression of neurotrophin-3were shown between the aquatic group and the resistance group(p=0.08).Conclusion:The findings of the present study indicated that both the resistance training and the aquatic exercise can increase plasmatic levels and the gene expression of neurotrophin-3in MS patients.
Physical Education
mohammad fathi
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 2017-227
Abstract
According to avoid the compromising the immune system after exhaustive exercise and the role of micronutrients in this background, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C supplementation on the salivary immunoglobulin A, cortisol and total protein concentration on active girls ...
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According to avoid the compromising the immune system after exhaustive exercise and the role of micronutrients in this background, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C supplementation on the salivary immunoglobulin A, cortisol and total protein concentration on active girls college following exhaustive physical activity program. In this semi-experimental study, 17 active girl (age 22.11 ± 2.36), weight 55.70 ± 6.81 kg, and body mass index 20.88 ± 2.25 kg.m2 voluntarily participated and randomly assigned into three groups: exercise - vitamin C supplementation (n=6), exercise (n=5) and control group (n = 6). exercise - vitamin C supplementation group performed an exhaustive physical activity program (7 days in AM and PM) with receive daily 500 mg vitamin C tablets at lunch time, exercise groups performed same protocol without supplementation receive, and the control group performed neither the physical activity nor received the supplement. Saliva samples were collected one day before starting the physical activity program and also 24 and 72 hours after the last session, in 9:30 morning. The One-Way ANOVA test was used to comparison of means among groups. The results showed there was no significant difference in salivary IgA concentrations between groups in 24 hours (P=0.9 and F=0.4) and 72 hours after the last session exercise (P=0.1 and F=0.8), and also in cortisol concentrations, in 24 hours (P=0.7 and F=0.2)
Physical Education
Akbar Sazvar; YAGHOOB MEHRIALVAR
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 267-277
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of interval training on gene expression of Ryanodine receptors' calcium channels and calcium pump in ischemic rats.Methodology: 28 Wistar male rats (200-250 g) were used in this study. They were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham, ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of interval training on gene expression of Ryanodine receptors' calcium channels and calcium pump in ischemic rats.Methodology: 28 Wistar male rats (200-250 g) were used in this study. They were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham, Ischemia, Exercise, and Exercise-ischemia. Myocardial infarction (MI) was done by closing the descending coronary artery (LAD) for 30 minutes. Exercise program on treadmill was for 8 weeks, 3 days a week for 40 minutes. The rats were anesthetized and the heart tissue was isolated 48 hours after the last training session and injections. SERCA2a and RyR2 gene expression was measured for heart tissue cells. Results: The results showed that SERCA2a gene expression level was increased in both groups of exercise and exercise-ischemia (p= 0.001) and this increase was significantly higher in exercise-ischemia group (p = 0.001). Also, the results showed that 8 weeks of interval training significantly increased RyR2 gene expression level in two groups of exercise- ischemia and exercise. But a significant decrease was observed in RyR2 gene expression level in ischemia group. Discussion and Conclusion: This study results show that a regular interval training program eliminates abnormal contractions associated with cardiomyopathy due to myocardial ischemia and rehabilitates cardiac muscle calcium control and increases mainly the contraction strength by the increase of left ventricle mass.
Physical Education
shima ahmadi; asghar tofighi; seyede masoumeh seyedi; alireza shirpoor
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 321-329
Abstract
Background and Objective: Abuse of anabolic steroids to increase concerns about the harmful effects of these drugs on different organs, including the kidneys has increased. Sports activities such as swimming does not modify the effects of anabolic steroids. In this study, the effects of anabolic steroids ...
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Background and Objective: Abuse of anabolic steroids to increase concerns about the harmful effects of these drugs on different organs, including the kidneys has increased. Sports activities such as swimming does not modify the effects of anabolic steroids. In this study, the effects of anabolic steroids with or without swimming the public and biochemical changes in renal tissue of rats was performed.Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 32 male rats Wistar, with an average weight of 20 ± 220 g in the form of four groups of nandrolone alone 10 mg / kg (n = 8), nandrolone and forced swim 10 mg / gr (n = 8), forced swim alone (n = 8) and controls (n = 8) were divided. In this study, urine samples were collected to measure biochemical variables. : Data obtained with the software spss version 21 Test and one-way ANOVA significant level P≤0 / 05 was performed.Results: H & E and PAS staining nandrolone decanoate + exercise groups compared with control groups and sports inflammation of the glomeruli, tubular atrophy, the number of leukocytes was more evident.Conclusion: The results of swimming exercise any impact on different parts of the kidney of male rats does not allow the use of nandrolone could be change in these sectors.Keywords: nandrolone, sports, swimming, stained H & E, coloring PAS, rats, creatinine, urea
Physical Education
Sajad Parsaei; Nahid Shetab Boushehri; Masoumeh Shojaei; Rasool Abedanzadeh
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 39-46
Abstract
Background: : Imagery is the concept of assimilation, creating or recreating a perception experience the sensory moderator in mind. the aim of this study was to the relationship between mirror neuron action and different mental imagery speeds in the motor performance.Methodology: The research method ...
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Background: : Imagery is the concept of assimilation, creating or recreating a perception experience the sensory moderator in mind. the aim of this study was to the relationship between mirror neuron action and different mental imagery speeds in the motor performance.Methodology: The research method was semi-empirical. The subjects included 30 female students of Shahid Chamran University (average age 22± 1.12) selected through a purposive sampling (No experience basketball game) method and categorized in three groups of rapid-speed, real-speed, low-speed imagery. Following the basketball dribble function in pretests, the subjects were involved in imagery for a period of four consecutive days, and were subsequently tested for the real dribble function on the middle cones in the posttests. They were also subjected electroencephalographic assessment during imagery, focusing primarily on the reaction of the mirror neurons within the process.Result: All of the group improved dribble function (p≤0.05). With the effect size observed a significant improvement in the groups with slow-speed and real-speed imagery compared to those receiving high-speed imagery. Additionally, higher function of the mirror neurons was observed in the groups subjected to slow-speed imagery and also there is significant relationship mirror neuron action and different mental imagery speeds on the basketball dribble function (p≤0.05).Conclusion: The mirror neurons within the premotor cortex establish an essential nervous mechanism within the cognitive activity pattern which impacts the effect of imagery for the improvement of motor skills.
Physical Education
Hakimeh Baziyar; Seyyed Mohammad Marandi; Ahmad Chitsaz
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 119-126
Abstract
Abstract Background: Parkinson is a chronic, degenerative and destructive disease of the nervous system that is caused by the destruction of dopaminergic neurons that reside in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. It often happens in the ages of between 50 and 60 and one of its characteristics is the ...
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Abstract Background: Parkinson is a chronic, degenerative and destructive disease of the nervous system that is caused by the destruction of dopaminergic neurons that reside in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. It often happens in the ages of between 50 and 60 and one of its characteristics is the lack of balance. The goal by this present research was to study the effect of balance training in water on the patients with PD. Materials and Methods: The present semi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest control group design. The study population included patients referred to the Hospital of Alzahra. 36 men patients with Parkinson that were non-randomly selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=16) groups. The experimental group in addition to medication, performed activity in water 3 times/ week, 60 minutes for 12 weeks whereas control subjects were treated only by medication and routine activities performed. Before intervention and three months after the intervention, the patient's balance was assessed by BBS. Data using ANCOVA (P<0.05) and SPSS 19 software was analyzed. Results: In comparison with the control group, the intervention group balance scores after 12 weeks of balance training in the water were greatly improved(49/1 to 53/70). Conclusion: Findings showed that balance training in water can be used as useful and effective method to improve balance and in turn daily functioning of PD patients. According to the severity of disease in patients participating in this study (I-III), the results can be extended only to this group of patients.
Physical Education
Mohammad Fathi
Volume 24, Issue 4 , July and August 2017, , Pages 225-231
Abstract
Background & Objective: Med 13 transcriptional factor effects on skeletal muscle response related to stimuli inducing muscular adaptation. The aim of this research was to study the effects of an endurance activity program on med 13 gene expression in slow and fast twitch skeletal muscles.
Materials ...
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Background & Objective: Med 13 transcriptional factor effects on skeletal muscle response related to stimuli inducing muscular adaptation. The aim of this research was to study the effects of an endurance activity program on med 13 gene expression in slow and fast twitch skeletal muscles.
Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were 14 wistar rats which were housed four weeks under controlled conditions before of start of protocol. Then they were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group performed an endurance activity program (fourteen weeks) on motorized treadmill. They were anesthetized and sacrificed 48 hours after the end of the last session of endurance activity program. The soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were removed. Using real time RT-PCR method, the rate of expression levels of med 13 gene determined. Finally, by using t-test, the collected data were evaluated.
Results: The results of this research showed, physical activity significantly increase the expression of med 13 gene in soleus muscle but has no effect on expression of this gene in extensor digitorum longus muscles.
Conclusions: Despite the same endurance activity (duration and intensity), the rate of med 13 gene expression in fast and slow twitch muscles was difference which possibly return to difference of these muscles sensitivity to thyroid hormone.
Physical Education
Iman Asishirazi; Seyed Ali Hosseini; Farideh Keikhosravi
Volume 24, Issue 4 , July and August 2017, , Pages 273-279
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Prevalence of diabetes is increasing in worldwide and because of unfavorable effects of pharmaceutical drugs, there is a clear need to very few side effects therapeutic methods such as medicinal plants consumption and exercises. Aim of present study was to review the hypoglycemic ...
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Background & Objectives: Prevalence of diabetes is increasing in worldwide and because of unfavorable effects of pharmaceutical drugs, there is a clear need to very few side effects therapeutic methods such as medicinal plants consumption and exercises. Aim of present study was to review the hypoglycemic interactional effects of saffron (crocus sativus) extract and swimming training in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental research from 50 sprague dawley diabetic rats which induced by 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, 32 rats with more than 300 mg/dL fasting glucose selected as statistical sample and base on their fasting glucose divided into four groups of 8 rats (1) saffron extract, (2) swimming training, (3) saffron extract with swimming training and (4) control. Groups 1 and 3 received four weeks intraperitoneal25 mg/kg saffron extract. Also, groups 2 and 3 swam four weeks, five sessions per week for 30 minutes per-session. For statistical analysis of data used Kolmogorov-Smirnov, dependent t test, one way ANOVA and tukey post hoc tests (p≤0.05).
Results: Four weeks swimming training has significant effect on reduction fasting glucose of diabetic rats (p=0.04). Four weeks saffron extract has significant effect on reduction fasting glucose (p=0.02), insulin (p=0.001) and insulin resistance (p=0.001) of diabetic rats. Four weeks saffron extract with swimming training has significant effect on reduction fasting glucose, insulin and insulin resistance of diabetic rats (p=0.001). Saffron extract with swimming training rather than swimming training has significant effect on reduction fasting glucose, insulin and insulin resistance of diabetic rats (p=0.001) also, four weeks saffron extract rather than swimming training has significant effect on reduction insulin and insulin resistance of diabetic rats (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Regards to results of present study, it concluded that saffron aqua extract with swimming training has hypoglycemic interactional effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Physical Education
Rambod Khajei; Amir Hossein Haghighi; Mohammad Reza Hamedinia; Amir Rashid Lamir
Volume 24, Issue 1 , March and April 2017, , Pages 79-88
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Cardiac rehabilitation is the most important proceeding to reduce the effects of heart surgery and its effects on cardiovascular disease. Exercise training because of low cost and being attractive can be a motivation for patients with cardiac rehabilitation programs.Exercise ...
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Background & Objectives: Cardiac rehabilitation is the most important proceeding to reduce the effects of heart surgery and its effects on cardiovascular disease. Exercise training because of low cost and being attractive can be a motivation for patients with cardiac rehabilitation programs.Exercise has influence on blood cellular components, especially the number of white blood cells, metabolism, metabolites, peptides and different type of gene expression.The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic training on monocytes gene expression ABCG5 in middle-aged men after heart bypass surgery. Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 middle-aged malepatient who had coronary artery bypass surgery, were subjected to the study and were randomly assigned into two groups: control (N=10) and aerobic training (N = 10) groups. Blood samples were taken from subjects before and after training sessions.Monocytes isolated by centrifugation and m-RNA purified by Real-Time PCR was performed.Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures (SPSS version 16). Results: Results showed that, as a result of exercise training, there was significant increase in mRNA expression of gene ABCG5 in the experimental group than control group. Conclusion: It seems that exercise training as part of the cardiac rehabilitation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting can improve the reverse cholesterol transport process in the patients by impressing the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism.