Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Chalous, Iran
2 Master of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Chalous, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Nekabon, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Streptococcus galloliticus is one of the bacteria associated with colorectal cancer in humans. No studies have been performed to identify this bacterium in the large intestine using PCR test and compare it with microbial culture in patients undergoing colonoscopy in northern Iran.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study to diagnose Streptococcus gallolyticus, biopsy specimens were obtained from 55 individuals undergoing colonoscopy referred to Babol and Chalous hospitals. To detect bacteria after DNA extraction, first designed primers (PCO3, PCO4) were used to qualitatively analyze the extracted DNA and then the specific gene of Streptococcus gallolyticus was amplified. In addition to culture, diagnostic tests such as gram staining, catalase test, hydrolase, hydrate hydrolysis and scolin hydrolysis were used.
Results: In this descriptive study, out of 55 biopsy specimens of individuals undergoing colonoscopy, 3 specimens (5.5%) with 95% confidence interval were positive and 52 cases (5.94%) were negative for Streptococcus gallolyticus DNA. There was a significant relationship between the two diagnostic methods of culture and PCR (p.value 0.015).
Conclusion: The simultaneous application of the two methods is recommended in cases where the result is rapid.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Thursby E, Juge N. Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochemical Journal. 2017;474(11):1823-36.
- Jahani-Sherafat S, Alebouyeh M, Moghim S, Amoli HA, Ghasemian-Safaei H. Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer; a review Gastroenterology and Hepatology from bed to bench. 2018;11(2):101.
- Triantafillidis JK, Nasioulas G, Kosmidis PA. Colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology, risk factors, mechanisms of carcinogenesis and prevention strategies. Anticancer research. 2009;29(7):2727-37.
- Hewitson P, Glasziou P, Watson E, Towler B, Irwig L. Cochrane systematic review of colorectal cancer screening using the fecal occult blood test (hemoccult): an update. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2008;103(6):1541.
- Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2005;55(2):74-108.
- Azadeh S, Moghimi-Dehkordi B, Fatem S, Pourhoseingholi M, Ghiasi S, Zali M. Colorectal cancer in Iran: an epidemiological study. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP. 2008;9(1):123-6.
- Hnatyszyn A, Hryhorowicz S, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Lis E, Słomski R, Scott RJ et al. Colorectal carcinoma in the course of inflammatory bowel diseases. Hered Cancer Clin Pract.2019;5(3): 17:18.
- Boleij A, Tjalsma H. Gut bacteria in health and disease: a survey on the interface between intestinal microbiology and colorectal cancer. Biological Reviews. 2012;87(3):701-30.
- Gill S.R., Pop M., DeBoy R.T., Eckburg P.B., Turnbaugh P.J., Samuel B.S. et al. Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome. Science 312.2006;1355–1359 .
- Rubinstein MR, Wang X, Liu W, Hao Y, Cai G, Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling via its FadA Cell host & microbe. 2013;14(2):195-206.
- Gur C, Ibrahim Y, Isaacson B, Yamin R, Abed J, Gamliel M, et al. Binding of the Fap2 protein of Fusobacterium nucleatum to human inhibitory receptor TIGIT protects tumors from immune cell attack. Immunity. 2015;42(2):344-55.
- Collins D, Hogan AM, Winter DC. Microbial and viral pathogens in colorectal cancer. The lancet oncology. 2011;12(5):504-12.
- Mantzaris G. Helicobacter pylori and colorectal cancer: Is there any link? Annals of Gastroenterology. 2004.
- Kumar R, Herold JL, Taylor J, Xu J, Xu Y. Variations among Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus strains in connection with colorectal cancer. Scientific reports. 2018;8(1):1514.
- Kumar R, Herold JL, Schady D, Davis J, Kopetz S, Martinez-Moczygemba M, et al. Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus promotes colorectal tumor development. PLoS pathogens. 2017;13(7):e1006440.
- Isenring J, Köhler J, Nakata M, Frank M, Jans C, Renault P, et al. Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus endocarditis isolate interferes with coagulation and activates the contact system. Virulence. 2018;9(1):248-61.
- Pasquereau-Kotula E, Martins M, Aymeric L, Dramsi S. Significance of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus association with colorectal cancer. Frontiers in microbiology. 2018;9:614.
- Porgostaran R ea. Gwntic Terminology Book. 2013:424.
- Gharedaghi L, Sadeghi M, Moradi-Shahrebaba H. Study of Polymorphism of β-Lactoglobulin Genein Exon 7 and its Association with Milk Production Traits in Mahabadi Goats Using PCR-SSCP. Research on Animal Production .2015:6(11);120-125.
- Saroukhani et al. Comparison of two diagnostic methods of culture and proliferation of 16srDNA in identification of cerebrospinal fluid bacteria in suspected patients with bacterial meningitis in Qazvin. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences .2009.19(69);14-21.
- Muñoz Zurita Guillermo NH, Alejandra. Association of bacteremias of Streptococcus gallolyticus with the development of colorectal cancer in people 65 years of age. MOJ Gerontol Ger. 2018;3.351-354.
- Tam P-YI, Hernandez-Alvarado N, Schleiss MR, Hassan-Hanga F, Onuchukwu C, Umoru D, et al. Molecular detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae on dried blood spots from febrile Nigerian children compared to culture. PloS one. 2016;11(3):e0152253.
- Nafisi MR, Shadbad MA, Rahimian GA, Karimi A. Comparison Three Methods, PCR Method, Cultyre and Rapid Urease Test to Detect Helicobacter pylori in the Gastric Biopsy Tissue Samples. Majallah-i pizishki-i Danishgah-i Ulum-i Pizishki va Khadamat-i Bihdashti-i Darmani-i Tabriz. 2016;38(5):70.
- Rhoads et al. Comparison of Culture and Molecular Identification of Bacteria in Chronic Wounds. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13:2535-50.
- Pear Pongsachareonnont WHaTC. Comparison of methods for identifying causative bacterial microorganisms in presumed acute endophthalmitis:conventional culture, blood culture, and PCR. Pongsachareonnont et al BMC Infectious Diseases. 2017;17:2-9.
- Tashakkori MM, RK, Mahin Safara, Molecular Identification of Corynebacterium minutissimum in Skin Lesions Suspicious for Erythrasma by the PCR method. Modares Journal of Medical Sciences: Pathobiology. 2014;17(9):83-91.
- Yosefzadeh Chabok Sh ea. Assessment of Screening Tests for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Patients Undergoing Surgery by Molecular (PCR) and Culturing Methods. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2011;81:45-52.
- Farajzadeh A,Masjedi A,Saki M,et al. Detection of Streptococcus gallolyticus in colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients compared to control group in southwest of Iran Molcolar Biology report.2020;47:8361-8365.
- Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Bakar FA. Molecular detection, quantification, and isolation of Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteria colonizing colorectal tumors: inflammation-driven potential of carcinogenesis via IL-1, COX-2, and IL-8. Molecular cancer. 2010;9(1):249.
- Franch MA, Galiana A, Sánchez HV, et al. Streptococcus gallolyticus infection in colorectal cancer and association with biological and clinical factors. Int J Cancer. 2016;1;138(7):1670–1679.
- Zammit SC, Azzopardi N, Ellul P. Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteraemia in hepatobiliary–pancreatic and colonic pathologies. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2013;107(5):355-61.
- Elzein FE, Akhtar MY, Khairallah H, Albenmousa A. Streptococcus bovis prosthetic valve endocarditis associated with silent colonic carcinoma. Case Reports. 2017;2017:bcr-2017-219488.
- Mahmoudvand sh, Zamani KH , Safaei A. No Detection of Streptococcus gallolyticus and Helicobacter pylori in Colorectal Cancer Tissue Samples in Shiraz, Iran.Iran J Cancer Prev. 2017 January; 10(1):e6337.
- A K, IB. Frequency of Colonic Extension by Colonoscopy in Ulcerative Colitis Patients in Kermanshah Province in the Years 2002-2005. journal of kermanshah university of medical sciences. 2007;4(11):441-50.
)