1]. Morgan, C. J., Muetzelfeldt, L., & Curran, H. V . Consequences of chronic ketamine self‐administration upon neurocognitive function and psychological wellbeing: a 1‐year longitudinal study. Addiction. 2010; 105(1), 121-133.
[2]. Declared, D. M. Findings from the 2008/09 British Crime Survey. England and Wales. Home Office Statistical Bulletin. 2009.
[3]. McCambridge, J., Winstock, A., Hunt, N., & Mitcheson, L. 5-Year trends in use of hallucinogens and other adjunct drugs among UK dance drug users. European addiction research. 2006; 13(1), 57-64.
[4]. Johnston, L. Monitoring the future: National results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings: DIANE Publishing. 2010.
[5]. Dalgarno, P J., & Shewan, D. Illicit use of ketamine in Scotland. Journal of psychoactive drugs. 1996; 28(2), 191-199.
[6]. Redig, P., Larson, A., & Duke, G. Response of great horned owls given the optical isomers of ketamine. American journal of veterinary research. 1984; 45(1), 125-127.
[7]. Muir 3rd, W., & Hubbell, J. Cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of ketamine and its enantiomers in dogs. American journal of veterinary research. 1988; 49(4), 530-534.
[8]. Orser, B. A., Pennefather, P. S., & MacDonald, J. F. Multiple mechanisms of ketamine blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. 1997; 86(4), 903-917.
[9]. Stotz, M., Oehen, H.-P., & Gerber, H. Histological findings after long-term infusion of intrathecal ketamine for chronic pain: a case report. Journal of pain and symptom management. 1999; 18(3), 223-228.
[10]. Mody, I., & MacDonald, J. F. NMDA receptor-dependent excitotoxicity: the role of intracellular Ca 2+ release. Trends in pharmacological sciences. 1995; 16(10), 356-359.
[11]. Legrand, T., Roy, S., Monchaud, C., Grondin, C., Duval, M., & Jacqz-Aigrain, E. Determination of ketamine and norketamine in plasma by micro-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2008; 48(1),171-176.
[12]. Huang, M.-K., Liu, C., Li, J.-H., & Huang, S.-D. Quantitative detection of ketamine, norketamine, and dehydronorketamine in urine using chemical derivatization followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B. 2005; 820(2), 165-173.
[13]. Chen, C.-Y., Lee, M.-R., Cheng, F.-C., & Wu, G.-J. Determination of ketamine and metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Talanta. 2007; 72(3), 1217-1222.
[14]. Aboul-Enein, H. Y., & Hefnawy, M. M. Liquid chromatographic high-throughput analysis of ketamine and its metabolites in human plasma using a monolithic silica column and solid phase extraction. Talanta. 2005; 65(1), 67-73.
[15]. Cheng, P.-S., Lee, C.-H., Liu, C., & Chien, C.-S. Simultaneous determination of ketamine, tramadol, methadone, and their metabolites in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2008; 32(3), 253-259.
[16]. Lynch, M. E., Clark, A. J., Sawynok, J., & Sullivan, M. J. Topical amitriptyline and ketamine in neuropathic pain syndromes: an open-label study. The Journal of Pain. 2005; 6(10), 644-649.
[17]. Javdani M, Nikousefat Z, Ghashghaei A, Hashemnia M. Efficacy of Ketamine in Combination with Four Common Analgesics on Some Hematological Factors of Broiler Chickens International Journal of Livestock Research. 2014; 2:33-41.
[18]. Javdani M, Nikousefat Z "Evaluation of pain relieving of low dose of ketamine and tramadol accompanied by local anesthesia in cats undergoing bone marrow aspiration " 3rd International Congress of Veterinary Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2016.
[19]. Javdani M, Khosravi M, Raeisi M, Rahimi R, Hashemi A "Evaluation of canine behavior following repeated, long-term administration of low-dose ketamine " 3rd international congress of veterinary pharmacology & pharmaceutical sciences. 2016.
[20]. Javdani M, Tamadon A, Attaran H. Comparison of different Ketamine-xylazine combinations for prolonged anaesthesia in budgerigars (Melopsittacus Undulatus) Vet Scan 4. 2009.
[21]. Correll, G. E., Maleki, J., Gracely, E. J., Muir, J. J., & Harbut, R. E. Subanesthetic ketamine infusion therapy: a retrospective analysis of a novel therapeutic approach to complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Medicine. 2004; 5(3), 263-275.
[22]. Fujikawa, D. G. Neuroprotective effect of ketamine administered after status epilepticus onset. Epilepsia. 1995; 36(2), 186-195.
[23]. Larkin, G. L., & Beautrais, A. L. A preliminary naturalistic study of low-dose ketamine for depression and suicide ideation in the emergency department. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011; 14(8), 112.1131-7.
[24]. Thakurta, R. G., Das, R., Bhattacharya, A. K., Saha, D., Sen, S., Singh, O. P., & Bisui, B. Rapid response with ketamine on suicidal cognition in resistant depression. Indian journal of psychological medicine. 2012; 34(2), 170.
[25]. Kashani, P., Yousefian, S., Amini, A., Heidari, K., Younesian, S., & Hatamabadi, H. R. The effect of intravenous ketamine in suicidal ideation of emergency department patients. Emergency. 2014; 2(1), 36.
[26]. Krupitsky, E., & Grinenko, A. Ketamine psychedelic therapy (KPT): a review of the results of ten years of research. Journal of psychoactive drugs. 1997; 29(2), 165-183.
[27]. Krystal, J. H. Ketamine and the potential role for rapid-acting antidepressant medications. Swiss medical weekly. 2007; 137(15/16), 215.
[28]. Administration, S.A.M.H.S. The NSDUH Report Use of Specific. 2008.
[29]. Breen, C., Degenhardt, L., White, B., Bruno, R., Chanteloup, F., Fisher, J., Johnston, J., Kinner, S., Moon, C., Proufoot, P., et al. Australian party drugs trends 2003: Findings from the party drug initiative. . Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre.2008.
[30].Tang, M., Ching, C.K., Tse, M.L., Ng, C., Lee, C., Chong, Y.K., Wong, W., Mak, T.W., Emerging Drugs of Abuse Surveillance Study, G. Surveillance of emerging drugs of abuse in Hong Kong: validation of an analytical tool. Hong Kong Med J. 2015; 21, 114-123.
[31]. Tang, J., Liao, Y., He, H., Deng, Q., Zhang, G., Qi, C., Cui, H., Jiao, B., Yang, M., Feng, Z., et al. Sleeping problems in Chinese illicit drug dependent subjects. BMC Psychiatry.2015; 15, 28.
[32]. Katzung, B. G., Susan, B., & Trevor, A. Lange Basic and Clinical Pharmacology: San Francisco, CA: McGraw Hill Medical. 2007.
[33]. Keilhoff, G., Bernstein, H.-G., Becker, A., Grecksch, G., & Wolf, G. Increased neurogenesis in a rat ketamine model of schizophrenia. Biological psychiatry. 2004; 56(5), 317-322.
[34]. Becker, A., Peters, B., Schroeder, H., Mann, T., Huether, G., & Grecksch, G. Ketamine-induced changes in rat behaviour: a possible animal model of schizophrenia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2003; 27(4), 687-700.
[35]. Lilly, J. C. The scientist: A novel autobiography: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.1978.
[36]. Jansen, K. Ketamine: dreams and realities. Multidisciplinary association for psychedelic studies. MAPS, Sarasota, FL. 2001.
[37]. Bergman, J., Paronis, C.A. Measuring the reinforcing strength of abused drugs. Mol Interv.2006; 6, 273-283.
[38]. Chen, W.Y., Huang, M.C., Lin, S.K. Gender differences in subjective discontinuation symptoms associated with ketamine use. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy.2014; 9, 39.
[39]. Cami, J., Farre, M. Drug addiction. N Engl J Med.2003; 349, 975-986.
[40]. Tedesco, V., Ravagnani, C., Bertoglio, D., Chiamulera, C. Acute ketamine-induced neuroplasticity: ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation expression in drug addiction-related rat brain areas. Neuroreport.2013; 24, 388-393.
[41]. Morgan, C.J.A., Muetzelfeldt, L., Curran, H.V. Consequences of chronic ketamine self-administration upon neurocognitive function and psychological wellbeing: a 1-year longitudinal study. Addiction.2010; 105, 121–133.
[42]. Littlewood, C.L., Jones, N., O’Neill, M.J., Mitchell, S.N., Tricklebank, M., Williams, S.C.R. Mapping the central effects of ketamine in the rat using pharmacological MRI. Psychopharmacology.2006; 186, 64-81.
[43]. Muetzelfeldt, L., Kamboj, S., Rees, H., Taylor, J., Morgan, C., & Curran, H. Journey through the K-hole: phenomenological aspects of ketamine use. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2008; 95(3), 219-229.
[44]. Ivani, G., Vercellino, C., & Tonetti, F. Ketamine: a new look to an old drug. Minerva anestesiologica. 2003; 69(5), 468-471.
[45]. Grant, I., Nimmo, W., & Clements, J. Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of im and oral ketamine. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1981; 53(8), 805-810.
[46]. Wong, S., Lee, K., Wong, J., Ng, W., Cheung, Y., & Lai, P. Dilated common bile ducts mimicking choledochal cysts in ketamine abusers. Hong Kong Med J. 2009; 15(1), 53-56.
[47]. Copeland, J., & Dillon, P. The health and psycho-social consequences of ketamine use. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2005; 16(2), 122-131.
[48]. Lian, K., Zhang, P., Niu, L., Bi, S., Liu, S., Jiang, L., & Kang, W. A novel derivatization approach for determination of ketamine in urine and plasma by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A. 2012; 1264, 104-109.
[49]. Xiong, J., Chen, J., He, M., & Hu, B. Simultaneous quantification of amphetamines, caffeine and ketamine in urine by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Talanta. 2010; 82(3), 969-975.
[50]. Kim, J. Y., Jung, K. S., Kim, M. K., Lee, J. I., & In, M. K. Simultaneous determination of psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives in human hair by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry. 2007; 21(11), 1705-1720.
[51]. Bolze, S., & Boulieu, R. HPLC determination of ketamine, norketamine, and dehydronorketamine in plasma with a high-purity reversed-phase sorbent. Clinical chemistry. 1998; 44(3), 560-564.
[52]. Parkin, M. C., Turfus, S. C., Smith, N. W., Halket, J. M., Braithwaite, R. A., Elliott, S. P., . . . Kicman, A. T. Detection of ketamine and its metabolites in urine by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B. 2008; 876(1), 137-142.
[53]. Moreno, I., Da Fonseca, B., Magalhães, A., Geraldes, V., Queiroz, J., Barroso, M., Gallardo, E. Rapid determination of piperazine-type stimulants in human urine by microextraction in packed sorbent after method optimization using a multivariate approach. Journal of Chromatography A. 2012; 1222, 116-120.
[54]. Svensson, J.-O., & Gustafsson, L. L. Determination of ketamine and norketamine enantiomers in plasma by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications. 1996; 678(2), 373-376.
[55]. Seay, S. S., Aucoin, D. P., & Tyczkowska, K. L. Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of ketamine and its metabolite dehydronorketamine in equine serum. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications. 1993; 620(2), 281-287.