Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Abstract
Background and aim: In this study the antimicrobial effect of alcoholic extracts of Piper nigrum was evaluated against six antibiotic resistance pathogenic bacteria.
Material and methods: The ethanolic extracts was prepared by modified maceration method. The antibacterial effects of extracts was assayed against six antibiotic resistant bacteria by disc diffusion method. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each extracts was determined by macro-broth dilution method. The antibacterial effect of these extracts was analyzed on biofilm formation, destruction and inhibition of enzyme activity of bacteria.
Results: In disc diffusion assay the maximum and minimum inhibitory effects of extracts was related to S. aureus and E. coli respectively. The methanolic extract with maximum MIC (50 mg/ml) had the lowest effect against P. aeruginosa. This extract with minimum MIC (25 mg/ml) had the maximum inhibition against E. coli. The maximum and minimum inhibitory effect on biofilm formation related to methanolic and ethanolic extracts at concentration (25 mg/ml) against S. aureus. The highest destruction of biofilm structures was observed in treatment of ethanolic extract against E. coli and the lowest destruction of biofilm was recorded for Acinetobacter. The maximum enzyme inhibition activity was observed in treatment with methanolic extract against Acinetobacter and the minimum effect of enzyme inhibition activity recorded for ethanolic extract against Klebsiella.
Conclusion: Medical application of extracts and essential oil of medicinal plants for low side effects is valuable.
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