Zahra Zohourian; Zahra Badiee; Alireza Sarraf Shirazi; Hamidreza Behnam Vashani
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 250-259
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Mucositis is one of the most debilitating side effects of chemotherapy، affecting around 52 to 81 percent of children undergoing chemotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Evidence-based care guidelines، with and without cryotherapy، on oral Mucositis ...
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Background and Purpose: Mucositis is one of the most debilitating side effects of chemotherapy، affecting around 52 to 81 percent of children undergoing chemotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Evidence-based care guidelines، with and without cryotherapy، on oral Mucositis in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، 66 children of 3 to 15 years old undergoing chemotherapy were allocated randomly into three groups; evidence based practice with cryotherapy (EBP+Cryo)، evidence based practice without cryotherapy (EBP)، and the control group. For two experimental groups، the necessary care-giving، based on evidence based clinical guideline، were conducted. Cryotherapy was performed in one of the (EBP+Cryo) group. Mucositis was scored by Eilers and WHO scales. Data analysis was done in SPSS 11.5 using Kruskall Wallis، Spearman Correlation coefficient and Mann Whitney U test.
Results: The frequency of Mucositis was 8.3% in the (EBP+Cryo) group، 40% in the (EBP) group and 90% in the control group (p
Jamal Mehralipor; Yosef Poreshgh; Amir Shabanloo; Mohammadreza Samarghandi; Roghiyeh Safari; Parisa Solgi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 252-262
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cyanide ion is one of the most dangerous compounds for the man. Electrocoagulation process with high efficiency to removing pollutants, than researchers considered a effective process. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of electrocoagulation process by aluminum ...
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Background and objectives: Cyanide ion is one of the most dangerous compounds for the man. Electrocoagulation process with high efficiency to removing pollutants, than researchers considered a effective process. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of electrocoagulation process by aluminum electrodes in cyanide removal from synthetic wastewater using magnesium oxide as a coagulantaid.
Mehods: In this study, a reactor with four aluminum electrodes with dimensions 200 × 20 × 2 mm use of 1 Liter of useful volume of electricity generating device for the removal of cyanide was used. Effect of parameters such as pH(3-9), voltage (10-30 V), the initial concentration of cyanide(50-500 ppm) and different concentrations of magnesium oxide particles (0.1 to 1 mg l) as coagulant aid in the process were investigated.
Results: The results show that the efficiency of EC process at pH 5, voltage of 30 V and an initial concentration of cyanide, 50 mg/lit in 45 minutes, was 80 percent. process will Efficiency by adding coagulant aid. In optimal amounts of coagulant aid (0.1 mg/lit) in electrocoagulation process on the removal of the cyanide 90% was achieved.
Conclusion: Electrocoagulation process is suitable process for the removal of cyanide. Also, Magnesium Oxide as a coagulant aid in this process was good and increase process efficiency.
Mohammad Seyyed Ahmadi; Fahimeh Keyvanloo; Hamidreza Taheri; Akbar Pejhan; Javad Taherzadeh
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 256-265
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Parkinsons disease is one of the common debilitating factors in the elderly. It is caused by disorders in the nucleus of cerebral base which control body movements such as walking and body balance. The present research is intended to study and compare the effects of three exercise ...
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Background and Purpose: Parkinsons disease is one of the common debilitating factors in the elderly. It is caused by disorders in the nucleus of cerebral base which control body movements such as walking and body balance. The present research is intended to study and compare the effects of three exercise patterns (rhythmic, medical ball exercising and stretching exercise) on Parkinsonian patients equilibrium. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study involved the population of Parkinsonian patients in Kashan and Aranobidgol Iran. Thirty five male patients (61±3 years old) with minor Parkinsons disease (Stage 3 in Y&H scale) were selected and randomly assigned into one of the three groups: rhythmic group (N=11) medical ball exercising group (N=12) and stretching exercising group (N=12). All participants took their medications under medical supervision in the study period. Each group performed the assigned pattern for 10 weeks (three one-hour sessions each week). Berg Balance Scaling (BBS) was used for measurements and dependent t-test one-way ANOVA and LSD tests were used for data analysis. All analyses were done in SPSS 16. Results: The results showed that the three different exercising patterns (Rhythmic medical Ball and stretching exercises) had significantly improved patients equilibrium by 15.7 % 5.58% and 4.28% respectively (P=0.001). It also revealed that rhythmic exercises had more considerable effects on Parkinson patients equilibrium recovery than medical ball (P=0.03), and stretching exercise (P=0.008). The effect of exercising with medical ball and stretching exercises on Parkinson patients balance recovery is almost identical with no significant difference (P=0.530). Conclusion: Rhythmic exercise patterns cause more considerable effects on the improvement of equilibrium in Parkinsons patients than other patterns.
Abbas Soleimani; Aliasghar Sefidgar; Sepideh Taghizadeh; Karimollah Hajian
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 256-262
Abstract
Background and purpose: The herbal tea is one of the most common hot beverages in the world. Tea poisoning as a result of saprophytic fungus contamination can cause many different diseases among human. This research was aimed at defining saprophytic fungus contamination rate of all kinds of tea which ...
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Background and purpose: The herbal tea is one of the most common hot beverages in the world. Tea poisoning as a result of saprophytic fungus contamination can cause many different diseases among human. This research was aimed at defining saprophytic fungus contamination rate of all kinds of tea which are being consumed in Babol, northern Iran.
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out on 100 samples of tea using descriptive – analytical method. The samples were gathered from different regions of the city including both homes and shops. The properties of tea are registered in a table. To define the level of the contamination, 20 pieces of each tea sample were cultivated in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (S) fields The grown fungus around tea pieces were recognized by an ordinary laboratory method, during daily observations of plates. The rate of contamination was measured based on the total amount of colony per100 mg of dry tea leaves. (P Value ≤ 0/05).
Results: All of the 100 cultivated tea samples were contaminated. The samples were classified into three groups of packed, unpacked and bagged tea, respectively. The maximum contamination rate was seen in bagged group. Statistical differences between groups were significant. (P< 0.001 (The most identified fungus were as follow: Aspergillus Niger, penisillium A. flavus, Mucur spp. Among tea samples which were collected from homes and shops, home samples were more polluted than shop samples, but there was not any significant difference (P=0.33). The unpacked tea samples were less polluted than firm packed tea samples but the difference was not significant (P=0.27).
Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that the consuming tea in Babol is highly contaminated by saprophytic fungus which can be a serious threat because of the popularity of tea as a hot beverage. And so an accurate control over all various steps of harvesting, processing and distributing of tea is necessary and recommended.
Mahmud Rafieian; Mohammadreza Hojjati; Fatemeh Taji
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 258-266
Abstract
Background: Hyoscyamus niger has many different therapeutic effects, such as anti-convulsive and sedative effects. In this study, we tried to evaluate the eventual effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Hyoscyamus niger on spatial learning and memory in mice using Morris water maze task. Materials and ...
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Background: Hyoscyamus niger has many different therapeutic effects, such as anti-convulsive and sedative effects. In this study, we tried to evaluate the eventual effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Hyoscyamus niger on spatial learning and memory in mice using Morris water maze task. Materials and methods: In this study, 23 mice were randomly divided into one control group and two experimental groups. The control group received normal saline and the experimental groups received hydro-alcoholic extracts of Hyoscyamus niger (1 or 2 mg/kg, i.p.). At first, saline or extracts were injected daily (7 days) and then spatial learning was evaluated for 5 consecutive days. For evaluating short-term memory, two probe-trial experiments were performed. Finally, data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test. Results: Results obtained from day 3 and day 4 of the learning period showed a significant reduction in learning the water maze task in the experimental group (2 mg/kg) compared with the control group (p
Zahra Jafari; Ryhaneh Toofan; Maryam Aghamollayee; Shadi Rahimzadeh; Mahdieh Esmaeilie
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 259-269
Abstract
Background and objective: Hearing loss and tinnitus are two auditory effects of hearing system damage due to occupational noise exposure. These factors can have non-auditory effects by themselves and impact on brain cognitive performance. In our study, the effect of occupational noise-induced hearing ...
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Background and objective: Hearing loss and tinnitus are two auditory effects of hearing system damage due to occupational noise exposure. These factors can have non-auditory effects by themselves and impact on brain cognitive performance. In our study, the effect of occupational noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus on cognition and auditory-verbal memory was investigated.
Materials and methods: Our study was done on 42 male workers aged 40 to 56 years in three groups of workers with 1) hearing loss, 2) hearing loss and tinnitus and 3) normal hearing. Workers in two first groups had a long history of working in environments with excessive noise, and third group was matched control workers with normal hearing. Hearing impaired persons had symmetrical moderate falling sensory-neural hearing loss in the both ears. For all subjects, Mini-Mental State Examination and Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Tests were performed in identical conditions.
Results: Normal hearing group had higher scores in all stages of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning test than two other groups and their means differences in three A1, Sum and Recognition stages were significant (p≤0.034). Similar finding was observed in the Mini-Mental Examination test too (p≤0.025).
Conclusion: Our study revealed effect of noise induced hearing loss and tinnitus due to prolonged exposure to noise over the limit on general cognition and auditory-verbal memory. Given the preventable nature of auditory and non-auditory effects of occupational noise, administration and control of hearing conservation programs and training of workers can be the suitable and proposed solution.
Mitra Khademosharie; Mohammadreza Hamedinia; Teyebeh Amiri Parsa; Seyed Alireza Hosseini Kakh
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 260-271
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Leptin is one of the most important proteins involved in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis but the effect of acute exercise on leptin has been less investigated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a one-session exercise on tissue concentration ...
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Background and Purpose: Leptin is one of the most important proteins involved in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis but the effect of acute exercise on leptin has been less investigated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a one-session exercise on tissue concentration and gene expression of leptin in rats.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، 24 male Wistar rats were housed in a standard environment، and were randomly divided into two groups (Control and Experimental). The exercise was running on a treadmill for 120 min (18 m/min). Immediately، 2 and 24 hours after exercise the rats anesthetized، blood، fat tissue and soleus were taken. Leptin concentration in the muscular، fat and blood were measured. Also، leptin gene expression was investigated with RT-PCR in tissues. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using repeated measures ANOVA (P0.05).
Conclusion: Acute exercise can increase leptin gene expression in muscle and fat tissues. However، exercise with longer duration and higher volume may appear to be more effective.
Alireza Fathi; Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini; Leila Sayyadi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 263-270
Abstract
Background: Nicotine is one of the ingredients in cigarettes. Nicotine is toxic to the brain, cardiovascular system and respiratory tract and the body tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nicotine on the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ...
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Background: Nicotine is one of the ingredients in cigarettes. Nicotine is toxic to the brain, cardiovascular system and respiratory tract and the body tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nicotine on the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, and insulin lipid profile in diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 50 Wistar adult male rats weighing 220-250 g were used and divided into five groups of 10, including control (no treatment), diabetic control, and experimental (diabetic mice) groups 1, 2 and 3 that treated with 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg nicotine, respectively. In this study, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were taken from mice and serum enzymes AST, ALP, ALT; and LDL, HDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and glucose levels were measured. Data analyses were performed in SPSS software 18, using ANOVA and Tukey test.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in the concentration of enzymes ALT, AST and ALP; and glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels; but a significant decrease in HDL level in the experimental group compared with the control group.
Conclusion: Nicotine increases the complications of diabetes, such as increase in glucose, lipids and liver enzymes ALP, AST and ALT.
Mehdi Karimi Babokani; Mojtaba Keikha; Hossein Mirzaee; Hamid Salehinia
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 263-269
Abstract
Background: Identification of factors that influence job satisfaction can impact the efficiency and quality of nursing services and personal life. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate factors affecting job satisfaction of nurses in Isfahan hospitals
Materials & Methods: this study is cross ...
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Background: Identification of factors that influence job satisfaction can impact the efficiency and quality of nursing services and personal life. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate factors affecting job satisfaction of nurses in Isfahan hospitals
Materials & Methods: this study is cross – sectional and was conducted in 2013 on 100 nurses in private and public hospitals of Isfahan, which were selected by multistage sampling method. A two-part questionnaire was used to collect data: the first part was comprised from the demographic information and the second part was related to job satisfaction. Data analyzed by spss version 11, ANOVA and t-test at The significance level of 5% .
Results: In this study, only 35% of nurses were satisfied with their current job. Job satisfaction was significantly related with job position (p=0.001), type of employment (p=0.02) and sector of hospital (p=0.001).
Conclusion: It is essential for nurses managers to consider job position, type of employment and sector of hospital for improving the job satisfaction of their staff and, in this way, they can develop some plans to improve job satisfaction.
Mohammad Seyyed Ahmadi; Akbar Pejhan; Fahimeh Keyvanloo
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 266-273
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Since the neck supports head weight, its abnormal positioning not only results in spoiled posture but also predisposes the body for physical disabilities, abnormalities, and injuries. The present study was conducted to investigate the radiographic component in forward head posture ...
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Background and Purpose: Since the neck supports head weight, its abnormal positioning not only results in spoiled posture but also predisposes the body for physical disabilities, abnormalities, and injuries. The present study was conducted to investigate the radiographic component in forward head posture in relation whit gender and height. Materials and methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 300 students from Razi University in Kermanshah, Iran (150 males and 150 females) were selected randomly and screened with the use of PPV (Posture Pro V) software; 14 students with forward head posture (FHP>5) and 14 healthy students (1≥FHP ≥0) were selected as subjects and participated in the following phase of research with informed consent. Cervical spines were evaluated by radiography from lateral view and then evaluated for anterior head translation (AHT), cervical lordosis (C2-C7), and superior cervical curvature (C1-C2) in lateral cervical spines. Mean differences of healthy and FHP subject’s variables were analyzed and compared with independent t-test. Also, Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used for investigating the relationships between variables at p
Sakineh Kazemi Noureini; Foroh Khosrojerdi; Mohammad Nabiuni
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 267-277
Abstract
Background: Crocin is a major constituent of saffron, the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., which is used mainly as a herbal medicine or a food coloring agent around the world. Novel publications reporting a cancer preventive effect for crocin motivated us to evaluate telomerase activity, the main ...
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Background: Crocin is a major constituent of saffron, the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., which is used mainly as a herbal medicine or a food coloring agent around the world. Novel publications reporting a cancer preventive effect for crocin motivated us to evaluate telomerase activity, the main cause of immortality in cancer cells, under treatment with crocin. Materials and Methods: IC50 concentration of crocin was estimated in MCF-7 cell line, a breast adenocarcinoma cancer model, by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test after 48 hours of treatment. A conventional telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and a real-time quantitative telomere repeat amplification protocol (qTRAP) assay were used to estimate relative telomerase activity in crocin-treated cells in comparison with untreated control cells. Results: Telomerase activity in the treated cells with different concentrations of crocin up to IC50 showed an increment after administration of very low doses of crocin, whereas higher concentrations of crocin remarkably inhibited the enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 values of crocin reduced by 85% in comparison with untreated control cells. Conclusion: qTRAP estimations show a good correlation with the conventional assay results. Antiproliferative effect of crocin in cancer cells is probably due to strong inhibition of telomerase activity.
Masoomeh Dejman; Hasan Rafeie; Abbasali Khazaee; Bahman Bahmani
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 270-280
Abstract
Background: Understand and identifying of the experiences of meth addicted persons while withdrawal, could provide a worthwhile apprehension of how being experienced of the method of treatment and its effect on patients. The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences of meth addicted persons ...
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Background: Understand and identifying of the experiences of meth addicted persons while withdrawal, could provide a worthwhile apprehension of how being experienced of the method of treatment and its effect on patients. The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences of meth addicted persons during treatment by the “rebirth” method.
Methodology: This study was accomplished by qualitative approach and content analysis method. Verdigs rehabilitation center, one of the subsets of Charitable Societies of rebirth locating in Karajs Vardavard, was the place this study accomplished. Data collection has done through deep semi-structured interview and field’s observation. Sampling methods were a mixture of purposive and snowballing that continued until data saturation reached to 15 in number.
Findings: Results of the study, through the treatment and recovery tunnel imply that the experiences of participants, is dividable to three main steps including: the first week presence in rehabilitation center, participating in programs and recovery.
Conclusion: It seems that the treatment programs of the center, considering extracted categories of this study, was relied on participants needs and participants described the treatment positive and successful.
Samaneh Ghodrati; Seyyed Gholamreza Mosavi; ahmad Allahabadi
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 270-281
Abstract
Background: Removal of humic acids during water treatment is important because it can react readily with chlorine and produce carcinogen compounds. In this study, performance, kinetic and isotherm of humic acid (HA) adsorption onto NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) has been investigated and compared ...
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Background: Removal of humic acids during water treatment is important because it can react readily with chlorine and produce carcinogen compounds. In this study, performance, kinetic and isotherm of humic acid (HA) adsorption onto NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) has been investigated and compared to the standard activated carbon (SAC).
Materials and Methods: NAC and SAC were used as the adsorbent in the present work and adsorption experiments were performed in batch mode. Adsorption of humic acid (HA) on SAC and NAC as a function of solution initial pH (2-10), adsorbent dosage (0.1-0.4 g/L), contact time (5-70 min), and adsorbate concentration (5-20 mg/L) was investigated.
Results: NAC exhibited higher HA adsorption capacity than that of SAC and HA adsorption capacities for both decreased with increasing solution initial pH in range of 2 to 10. The HA removal efficiencies of SAC and NAC were found to increase with increasing the adsorbent dosage. The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by pseudo-second-order equation. The mechanisms of the adsorption of HA on SAC and NAC at pH 7 may include electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding. The adsorption isotherm data showed that adsorption behavior of HA well fitted by Langmuir adsorption isotherm for both NAC and SAC. The maximum adsorption capacity was 93.45 and 67.57 mg/g for NAC and SAC, respectively.
Conclusion: The results revealed that NAC has significantly removed HA from aqueous solutions compared to SAC and even many other adsorbents. Thus NAC as a cheap and more appropriate adsorbent can be used for removal of humic substances from polluted waters.
Hashem Haghdost; Hasan Azhdar Zarmehri; Tahereh Dargahi; Mohammad Sofiabadi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 271-282
Abstract
Background: 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) are two potassium channel blockers which have shown that have beneficial effects in treating some neurological disorders such as ataxia, Alzheimer and multiple sclerosis. In this study the effect of acute administration of 4-AP and TEA in ...
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Background: 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) are two potassium channel blockers which have shown that have beneficial effects in treating some neurological disorders such as ataxia, Alzheimer and multiple sclerosis. In this study the effect of acute administration of 4-AP and TEA in the treatment of behavioral symptoms of Parkinsonism induced by the toxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was studied in male rats.
Materials & Methods: 6-OHDA was injected into left medial forebrain bundle (MFB) by stereotaxic surgery using Hamilton syringe. Then, in the third week after surgery, the rats before and after drug application were tested for rotational behavior induced by apomorphine. In the fourth week, Rotarod test was performed in the presence of the blockers for six consecutive days.
Results: 4-AP at doses 200 and 500 µg/kg had no significant effect, but at dose 1000 µg/kg led to a significant improvement of behavioral symptoms of Parkinsonism in the rotation test. On the other hand, the drug decreased motor performance and motor learning in the Rotarod test. TEA at dose 1 mg/kg was ineffective, but at dose 2 mg/kg caused a significant decrease, and at dose 5 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the number of rotations of the Parkinsonian rats. TEA had no effect on the motor learning in the Rotarod test.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that 4-AP and TEA, in a dose-dependent manner, weaken some symptoms of Parkinsonism, but worsen some other symptoms.
Anatomy, Histologyو Embryology
Rahim Golmohammadi; mohammadreza Mohajeri; Motahareh Golmohammadi
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 271-278
Abstract
AbstractBackground and purpose: The effect of the marker expression high molecular weight cytokeratin ) HMWCK ( in Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and adenocarcinoma prostate. There were conventional reported about rate expression HMWCK in adenocarcinoma prostate The purpose of this studied was to ...
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AbstractBackground and purpose: The effect of the marker expression high molecular weight cytokeratin ) HMWCK ( in Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and adenocarcinoma prostate. There were conventional reported about rate expression HMWCK in adenocarcinoma prostate The purpose of this studied was to determine expression of the marker HMWCK with histopathological parameters in BPH and adnocarcinoma in prostatic by immunohistochemistry methods. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical research was conducted on 79 patients admitted to Hospital in Isfahan Iran. Samples were fixed in formalin and tissue processing and stained by hematoxilin and eosin adenocarcinoma samples were classified with Gleason pattern ( score) method by two pathologist. The effect of over expression in marker expression HMWCK was done after diagnosis by two expert(blind). The obtained data were analyzed using chi-square test.Results: Out of the 79 specimens 43 samples were BPH and 36 samples were adenocarcinoma . in 40 samples with diagnosis BPH were observed of the marker HMWCK and 3 samples were negative. Out of 36 samples with diagnosis adenocarcinoma 35 them over expression marker of the HMWCK were negative but one samples was positive. . The over specimens malignancy were in higher Gleason score There was significant relationships between type samples (BPH and adenocarcinoma) with over expression of the marker HMWCK P
Fahimeh Keayvanlou; Mohammad Seyedahmadi; Zeynab Farrokh; Hossein Samadi; Mohsen koshan; Mehdi khalil arjmandi
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 272-279
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Many factors affect the learning of motor skills، one of which is the arrangement pattern of exercises، which can affect the stability and development of a generalized practice schedules and parameterizing the movements. The current research was performed to monitor the effect ...
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Background and Purpose: Many factors affect the learning of motor skills، one of which is the arrangement pattern of exercises، which can affect the stability and development of a generalized practice schedules and parameterizing the movements. The current research was performed to monitor the effect of different practice schedules on learning and transfer of generalized motor program in a serial task.
Methods and Materials: This experimental study involved the population of male right-handed university students at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman، Iran. Therefore، 80 participants (age range of 19-23 years old) were randomly allocated into four groups: blocked، random، blocked-random and random-blocked. The test included performance of serial tasks with different generalized motor schedules (spatial dimension variance) and variable timing parameter. The participants took part after pre-test phase and accomplishing 108 trial exercises according to practice group in retention and transfer tests. When different tests were performed، amount of relative timing errors (measure of consistency and proficiency of generalized motor program) were calculated. For data analysis، descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey test) were used in SPSS 16 (p0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that the blocked exercises caused a better performance at the acquisition level. However، different patterns caused a similar effect on the performance of participants at the levels of learning and transfer in a serial task.
Mahnaz tora bi hokmabadi; Ahmad Allahabadi; Gholamreza Moussavi
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September and October 2019, , Pages 273-283
Abstract
Herbicides, including atrazine, are among the most important newly discovered contaminants found in water bodies and are hazardous to human health and the environment. adsorption is one of the best techniques used to remove these contaminants from contaminated water. Materials and method: In this ...
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Herbicides, including atrazine, are among the most important newly discovered contaminants found in water bodies and are hazardous to human health and the environment. adsorption is one of the best techniques used to remove these contaminants from contaminated water. Materials and method: In this study, two carbon from waste Pomegranate and calligonum Comosum were used to remove atrazine herbicide. After chemical activation these carbons with NH4Cl, and then 800 ° C for 2 hours, parametric tests were performed and the effect of pH, adsorbent concentration, atrazine concentration and contact time were investigated; then absorption equilibrium tests; absorption capacity and its isotherms investigated for the removal of atrazine by two carbons were calculated. Results: The results showed that the carbon produced from the calligonum Comosum wood in optimal conditions at pH =7; carbon concentration 0.2 g/L, and the mixing time of 50 minutes could remove 100% atrazine at 25 mg/L . The carbon produced from pomegranate in optimal conditions pH =6; carbon concentration of 0.2 g/L and mixing time of 50 minutes could remove 91.5% atrazine to 25 mg/ L. Absorption equilibrium tests showed that the absorption capacity of carbon Calligonum Comosum and pomegranate were 672 and 645mg/g respectively. Discussion The results of this study showed that both carbons have high absorption capacity in the removal of atrazine herbicide and can be an effective and economical absorbent for the removal of this contaminant from natural waters.
Lotfollah Karimi; Nematollah Shomoossi; Iraj Safee Rad; Mohsen Ahmadi Tahor
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 274-280
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Since mental disorders usually occur throughout lifetime, establishing and keeping the sense of spiritual well-being can play a vital role in stress management. The present study investigated the relationship between spiritual well-being and mental health in university students. ...
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Background and Purpose: Since mental disorders usually occur throughout lifetime, establishing and keeping the sense of spiritual well-being can play a vital role in stress management. The present study investigated the relationship between spiritual well-being and mental health in university students. Methods and Materials: In this correlational descriptive study, 400 students from Hamadan Islamic Azad University (177 male and 223 female) with an average age of 22.7±4.57 years were selected through relative categorical sampling method from various faculties. They completed the spiritual well-being scale (SWBS) and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Utilized stepwise multiple regression and multivariable analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used in SPSS 16 to analyze the obtained data. Results: The findings showed that mean well-being scores and mental health were 89.18±17.14 and 52.48±15.76 respectively. Also, there was a significant correlation between spiritual well-being and mental health (r=- 0.55). Also, 0.37 percent of mental health variance is explained via religious well-being. The results of the analysis of MANOVA showed that the female students’ scores are higher than those of male ones (p
Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary; Ahmad Allah-Abadi; Mehdi Farzadkia; Ayyob Rastgar; Ahmad Joneidi Jafari; Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 277-286
Abstract
Background: Leaching of nutrients and heavy metals from municipal solid waste compost leads to accumulation of certain elements in soil layers, causing underground water pollution. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of compost on leaching and adsorption of heavy metals and nutrients ...
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Background: Leaching of nutrients and heavy metals from municipal solid waste compost leads to accumulation of certain elements in soil layers, causing underground water pollution. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of compost on leaching and adsorption of heavy metals and nutrients (sodium, potassium, and sulfate) from silt-loamy soils. Materials and Methods: In this empirical, applied study, three polyethylene columns (height 50 cm, inner diameter 10 cm), filled with sandy clay loam soil, were randomly selected. Then, 10 kg of compost per square meter were sprayed onto the columns, and leachates exiting the columns were routinely analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, sulfate, sodium, potassium, lead, chromium, and cadmium. Data analysis was performed with Excel and SPSS software using Kruskall-Wallis test. Results: The data showed that the use of enriched and unenriched compost leachate decreased pH (from 7.43±17.0 to 6.7±0.25 and 7.07±0.11, respectively) and increased the electrical conductivity (EC) (from 1.8±0.3 mSiemens/m to 3.7±0.12 and 12.87±0.41 mSiemens/m respectively). Leakage of metals in the unenriched treatments was not significantly different from the control (p>0.78), but leakage with three metal-enriched compost applications was significant compared with control (p
Noshin Peyman; Zeynab Jelambadani
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 280-287
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Eating disorders and abnormal attitudes towards eating in adolescents، especially girls، are among fundamental problems of societies. In order to make useful interventions for detecting eating disorders and attitude change at early stages، an appropriate and capable model is ...
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Background and Purpose: Eating disorders and abnormal attitudes towards eating in adolescents، especially girls، are among fundamental problems of societies. In order to make useful interventions for detecting eating disorders and attitude change at early stages، an appropriate and capable model is required. Therefore، the present study was conducted to determine the effect of Freire’s educational model on attitude change and eating disorders in students.
Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 female first-grade overweight high school students in 2010. They were non-randomly sampled from two high school in Mashad، Iran and were assigned into experimental and control groups. A standard questionnaire (EAT-26) was used for collecting data on eating disorders and nutritional attitude; the participants completed the questionnaire before and one month after the educational intervention. For data analysis، central tendency and dispersion indexes and independent t-test and paired t-test were used in SPSS 11.5.
Results: The mean abnormal attitude score of the experimental group reduced from 8.53 before intervention to 4.16 after intervention (p
Abolfazle Rahmani; Mohammadreza Behroozikhah; Ahmad Allah abadi
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 281-286
Abstract
Background and Purpose: History of implementing civil projects and plans in Iran indicates a lowered attention to environmental effects of civil projects in the past, leading to contamination of various environmental resources nationwide. In order to avoid such threats particularly in establishing composting ...
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Background and Purpose: History of implementing civil projects and plans in Iran indicates a lowered attention to environmental effects of civil projects in the past, leading to contamination of various environmental resources nationwide. In order to avoid such threats particularly in establishing composting plants, evaluation of environmental effects must be considered. Therefore, we decided to take a step forward for sustained development by evaluating the environmental effects before a composting plant is established in Sabzevar, Iran. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive study, three geographical zones were selected around Sabzevar for establishing the plant, and two of them were rejected and the third one (5 km from the city) was chosen for further evaluation. The positive and negative environmental effects were also considered. Results: The negative effects of establishing the plant for the time of operation were given 11 points and for the time of construction were 18 points; its positive effects were given 27 points for both construction and operation times. The algebraic sum of negative and positive points came up to be 16 positive and 9 negative points. Conclusion: The study results and the comparison of negative and positive effects of establishing the composting plant in the specified location in Sabzevar, Iran can be considered positive and its implementation is feasible.
Azam Borobado; Leyla Heidari nasab
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 281-291
Abstract
Aim and background: Since there is no questionnaire in Iran to measure child and adolescent anger, we need to translate and validate STAXI-2 C/A from English to Persian. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the measure of State-Trait Anger Expression ...
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Aim and background: Since there is no questionnaire in Iran to measure child and adolescent anger, we need to translate and validate STAXI-2 C/A from English to Persian. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the measure of State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory -2 Child and Adolescent (STAXI-2 C/A) amongst a sample of Iranian students aged 12-17 years.
Methods and materials: in this descriptive study, the questionnaire has been carried out on 556 high- School and junior- high –school students. Validation of the (STAXI-2 C/A) was carried out on aspects of convergent and divergent validity. The results of the analysis supported the convergent and divergent validity of (STAXI-2 C/A).Reliability of the (STAXI-2 C/A) was examined in two ways: Cronbach alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability (with 14 days between two assessments).
Results: The results internal consistency and test-retest coefficients of the (STAXI-2 C/A) were satisfactory to excellent.
Conclusion: In general, these findings support the validity and reliability of (STAXI-2 C/A). Amongst sample of Iranian students.
Shabanali Khansanami; Zahra Abedini; Marziyeh Shahsiah; Zahra Taheri kharameh
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 282-288
Abstract
Introduction: Improving competent and active groups’ quality of life level is one of the important health priorities which understanding effective factors have been noticed in the recent years. This study aimed to determine the relationship between religious orientation and students’ quality of life ...
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Introduction: Improving competent and active groups’ quality of life level is one of the important health priorities which understanding effective factors have been noticed in the recent years. This study aimed to determine the relationship between religious orientation and students’ quality of life at Qom University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive – analytical study was done on 98 students at Qom University of Medical Sciences using random selection method. The survey data was collected through the religious Orientation Scale and quality of life questionnaire and then was analyzed by means of SPSS 16 software using t-test and Pearson correlation tests.
Results: The mean scores and standard deviations of religious orientation and quality of life were 194/95 ± 14/46 and 524/67 ± 47/05, respectively. There was not observed any significant relationship between religious orientation and quality of life domains of the students, statistically (p>0/05).
Conclusion: obtaining desirable the quality of life and religious orientation scores was a positive finding in this study. Lack of significant relationship between these two components indicates a need for more researches about religious practice.
Mojtaba Mirseyyedi; Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh hosseini; Ehsan mir; Keivan Hejazi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 283-292
Abstract
Background: The risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the elderly, obese and sedentary population is high. Exercise can improve metabolic disorders associated with these diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks resistance exercises on C-reactive ...
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Background: The risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the elderly, obese and sedentary population is high. Exercise can improve metabolic disorders associated with these diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks resistance exercises on C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lipid biomarkers in sedentary middle-aged men.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2012 in the city of Sari. In this study, 24 subjects were randomly divided into two groups; experimental and control group (each group 12). The resistance exercise program was performed for eight weeks, 3 times a week, 90 minutes per session, with intensity of 60-70 one repetition maximum. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15 and P
Hasan Khalili; Mostafa Rad; MohammadHasan Rakhshani
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 287-293
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Clinical teaching is a vital element in Nursing and Midwifery education, and one of the best sources of clinical teacher evaluation is the students perceptions. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of an effective clinical teacher from the perspective of ...
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Background and Purpose: Clinical teaching is a vital element in Nursing and Midwifery education, and one of the best sources of clinical teacher evaluation is the students perceptions. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of an effective clinical teacher from the perspective of Nursing and Midwifery Students at Sabzevar University of medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Sabzevar University of medical Sciences in 2007-2008, and involved 120 participants who were recruited by convenient sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection, which contained questions on professional competency, communication with students, and personal characteristics. Items values ranged from zero to five. Frequency, mean and standard deviation, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis was done in SPSS 11.5 . Results: Mean score of professional competency was 4± 0.5; students perceptions of professional competency became more positive as their education approached higher semesters (r=0.22, p=0.016). Also, Mean score of professional competency was higher than the mean of communication with students (3.8±0.6), and personal characteristics (3.7±0.6). Concluson: Students experiencing clinical training considered professional competency, knowledge, and the capability of transferring it to them as more important than their ability to communicate.