Physiology & Pharmacology
Mohammad Sofiabadi; MohammadHossein Esmaeili; Amir-reza Mafea
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 143-153
Abstract
The aim of present study, was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of morphine on memory in Healthy and Streptozotocin (STZ) Rat Model of AD.Methods: In first experiment animals were divided to: Control and Morphine group which were injected with saline and Morphine (5mg/kg, ip.) In the second experiment ...
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The aim of present study, was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of morphine on memory in Healthy and Streptozotocin (STZ) Rat Model of AD.Methods: In first experiment animals were divided to: Control and Morphine group which were injected with saline and Morphine (5mg/kg, ip.) In the second experiment animals were divided to: control, sham and groups treated with STZ and STZ plus saline or morphine (2 mg/kg.). For induction of AD, STZ (3 mg/kg, 10 μl/injection site) were administered into lateral ventricles. Morphine , were injected for 10days. All rates were trained in the water maze. Results: our results show that Morphine (5mg/kg) impaired learning in Healthy rats. our results also show that i.c.v. injection of STZ significantly increased escape latency and Swimming distance to find the platform in comparison with the control group (P
Mosareza Tadayyonfar; Hossein Khosrojerdi; Mehdi Amadani; Ali Tajabadi; yaser Tabarraee
Volume 22, Issue 4 , September and October 2015, , Pages 589-595
Abstract
Background: Pain after appendectomy surgery is the most common patients' dissatisfaction which the easiest method of treatment is opioids. Side effects of them led to using more appropriate medications instead of opioids to relieve the pain. Aim of This study was to compare the pain relief effects of ...
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Background: Pain after appendectomy surgery is the most common patients' dissatisfaction which the easiest method of treatment is opioids. Side effects of them led to using more appropriate medications instead of opioids to relieve the pain. Aim of This study was to compare the pain relief effects of morphine and promethazine in patients with appendectomy. Materials and Methods : This triple blind clinical trial was carried out on 60 patients in 49 -15 years old undergoing appendectomy in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran, 1391.Participants were selected using by convenience method and then randomly divided into two groups of 30 ones. The control and intervention group was injected narcotic and promethazine, respectively. The level of pain was investigated according to the standard numeric pain scale, in the first hour after treatment. Data was analyzed using the Pearson and chi-square test by means of SPSS version 18 in the level of significance of 0.05. Results: there was observed a significant difference between two groups in the level of postoperative pain relief, (P = 0/000), so that the level of pain after injection of promethazine 3/30 ± (1/33) was less than morphine 6/07± (1/23). Also, this difference was significant in half an hour after surgery (p = 0/000) with mean score of 3/69 ± (1/33) and 6/74± (1/30) for Promethazine and morphine, respectively. Conclusion: According to these results, basic planning to use phenothiszines such as promethazine instead of opioids is suggested.
Mosarreza Tadayyonfar; Hossein Khosrojerdi; Mehdi Amadani; Ali Tajabadi; Yaser Tabaraee
Volume 21, Issue 3 , July and August 2014, , Pages 379-385
Abstract
Background: Pain after appendectomy is the most common complaint of appendectomy patients. The most common treatment of this pain is the use of narcotic analgesics. Because of the narcotic side effects, the researchers have evaluated appropriate alternative medications to alleviate postoperative pain ...
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Background: Pain after appendectomy is the most common complaint of appendectomy patients. The most common treatment of this pain is the use of narcotic analgesics. Because of the narcotic side effects, the researchers have evaluated appropriate alternative medications to alleviate postoperative pain of appendectomy patients. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of diclofenac and morphine in appendectomy patients.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 60 patients undergoing appendectomy. The study population was appendectomy patients aged 49-15 years, who had hospitalized in Shahid Beheshti hospital of Sabzevar city, in 2012. To perform the study, two groups of 30 subjects were triple-blind randomized. The first group received narcotic analgesics, and the second group received diclofenac. Based on the numeric pain standard scale, patient’s pain was assessed within the first hour after the drugs uptake. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18 using the Pearson correlation coefficient and chi square test; and P
Mir Hadi Khayyat Nori; Seyyedeh Zahra Mosavi; Saeed Abbasi Maleki; Farid Abbasi Maleki; Ghader Najafi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January and February 2014, , Pages 408-415
Abstract
Background and Purpose: It showed that antidepressants may reduce the abuse potential of opioid. In other hand, studies showed avena sativa has antidepressant and sedative properties. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Avena sativa on morphine withdrawal signs ...
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Background and Purpose: It showed that antidepressants may reduce the abuse potential of opioid. In other hand, studies showed avena sativa has antidepressant and sedative properties. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Avena sativa on morphine withdrawal signs in male mice.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study forty male NMRI mice (20-30 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8: control groups received morphine and normal saline (10ml/kg) and other groups received ethanol (3%) and different doses of ethanolic extract of Avena sativa (50,100 and 200mg/kg).Morphine dependency was induced using a four- day schedule method with 50, 50, 75 and 50 mg/kg dosing respectively. In fourth day 2 hours after single dose of morphine, naloxone was injected (5 mg /kg) and withdrawal signs were recorded with number of jumping and diarrhea, grooming, wet dog shake, teeth chattering, writing, climbing as scores of 0 to 3 during 30min.The data were expressed with one-way ANOVA for quantities and Mann-Whitney U test for qualities data’s and they were analyzed with SPSS 15 and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: The present study findings showed that all doses of ethanolic extract of Avena sativa compared to control group, significantly and dose- dependently decrease the number of jumping in morphine dependent mice (56.12±6.46, 40.0±5.33 and 31.5±2.5 respectively)) P
Masoud Fereydoni; Maliheh Eskandari; Ali Moghimi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January and February 2014, , Pages 423-434
Abstract
Introduction: Morphine has been known as a drug with different paradoxical effects, analgesic and hyperalgesic. On the other hand, repeated morphine administration, induces morphine tolerance in mammals. The aim of recent study is investigating tolerance to morphine in Drosophila melanogaster and the ...
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Introduction: Morphine has been known as a drug with different paradoxical effects, analgesic and hyperalgesic. On the other hand, repeated morphine administration, induces morphine tolerance in mammals. The aim of recent study is investigating tolerance to morphine in Drosophila melanogaster and the effect of Oseltamivir (an inhibitor of G2 receptors) on hyperalgesia induced by low concentrations of morphine and morphine tolerance.
Materials and methods: In this study, stage 3 of larvae and adult state of wild Drosophila melanogaster were used. For evaluating the effect of Oseltamivir on hyperalgesic effect of low concentration Morphine, Oseltamivir (0.2 mg/l) and low concentrations of morphine were added to media culture. Then behavior of larvae and adults to thermal (using Hot plate, 47˚C) and chemical (capsaicin and acetic acid) pain stimulations were recorded. For morphine tolerance experiments in larvae, repeated morphine administration (0.1 and 0.01 mg/l) was done and their response to thermal pain was evaluated. The same method was used in adults but with other doses of morphine (200 and 300 mg/l). Finally to investigate the mechanism of morphine tolerance, Oseltamivir was administered too.
Results: morphine tolerance was occurred in Drosophila melanogaster similar to mammals. Repeated morphine administration diminished anti nociceptive effects of morphine (p
Ahmad Taghavi Rafsanjani; SeyyedAli Haeri Rohani; Aliasghar Porshanazari; Ali Shamsizadeh; Mohammad Allah Tavakkoli
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 347-358
Abstract
Background and purpose: Morphine addiction and morphine withdrawal syndrome are of main problems in human societies. In the present study, effect of nicotine on the strength of physical and psychological dependency, produced by single and repeated doses of morphine, was investigated.
Material and method: ...
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Background and purpose: Morphine addiction and morphine withdrawal syndrome are of main problems in human societies. In the present study, effect of nicotine on the strength of physical and psychological dependency, produced by single and repeated doses of morphine, was investigated.
Material and method: Male wistar rats were dependent to morphine with single and repeated dose protocols. In the single dose protocol, rats received only one dose of morphine and 24h later were given Naloxone. In the repeated dose protocol, rats received incremental doses of morphine for 7 days and 24h after the last dose (8th day) were given Naloxone. In the single dose protocol, rats were given one dose of nicotine 30 min before Naloxone. However in the repeated doses they received nicotine 15 min before morphine for 4 days from 4th day to 7th day. 5 min after Naloxone each rat′s behavior was captured for 30 min. then physical and psychological signs of withdrawal syndrome were recorded.
Results: Results showed that injection of repeated and even single dose of morphine can produce dependency. Nicotine consumption attenuated strength of withdrawal syndrome signs, specially increasing weight excrement and total withdrawal score in single dose protocol and weight excrement increasing, weight decreasing, place aversion, and total withdrawal score in repeated dose treatment.
Conclusion: Based on our data, even a single dose of morphine can produce dependency in rats. Conversely, Nicotine consumption attenuates strength of withdrawal syndrome signs.
Ghader Najafi; Saeed Abbasi Maleki; Seyyed Kamel Eftekhari
Volume 19, Issue 2 , May and June 2012, , Pages 164-172
Abstract
Background and purpose: Dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems play a critical role in expression of morphine-induced place conditioning, while vitamin C, released from glutamatergic neurons, modulates the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate. This study investigated the effect of vitamin C on expression ...
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Background and purpose: Dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems play a critical role in expression of morphine-induced place conditioning, while vitamin C, released from glutamatergic neurons, modulates the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate. This study investigated the effect of vitamin C on expression of morphine-induced place conditioning in male mice. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 96 male NMRI mice (20-30g) were randomly divided into 12 groups of 8: control groups received normal saline (10 ml/kg) and treatment groups received morphine (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) and vitamin C (1, 5, and 30 mg/kg) alone and with morphine. The study took place on six consecutive days, consisting of three phases: preconditioning, conditioning, and postconditioning. In the first set, vitamin C alone were administered in conditioning and postconditioning phases to see if they induced conditioned place preference (CPP) or aversion (CPA). In the second set, mice received vitamin C in postconditioning phase after conditioning with morphine. Results: Different doses of morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg, p
MH ESMAEILI; AA VAFAEI
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September and October 2007, , Pages 147-153
Abstract
Background and purpose: Opioids such as morphine are over used during pregnancy. These substances can probably induce long–term behavioral and psychological alterations (particularly learning and memory alterations) in exposed infants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of prenatal morphine ...
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Background and purpose: Opioids such as morphine are over used during pregnancy. These substances can probably induce long–term behavioral and psychological alterations (particularly learning and memory alterations) in exposed infants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of prenatal morphine exposure on the retrieval of spatial memory in rats.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental research, 18 pregnant wistar rats were assigned into three groups: The control group, the saline group and the morphine group. The control group received nothing but the saline and morphine groups received subcutaneus 0.5 mg saline and morphine (5mg/kg for 3 days and 10 mg/kg for 5 days) respectively, twice a day on 11-18 gestational days. After birth, 30 exposed pups of 90 days were trained in an 8-arm radial maze apparatus and their retrieval of spatial memory was assessed 48 hours and 1 week after training.
Results: The injection of morphine during pregnancy can seriously impair the retreival of spatial memory in childeren so that correct responses in the morphine- group rats were far less than correct responses in other groups, on the retrieval days (48 hours and 1 week after training ).
Conclusion: According to the findings, prenatal morphine exposure can impair the retrieval of spatial memory.