Health and environment
Masoud Rismanchian; Karim Ebrahim; Zahra Ordudari
Volume 25, Issue 6 , November and December 2018, , Pages 749-762
Abstract
Abstract: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a recent microextraction technique that was first developed by Assadi and et al. in 2006. This method is a very popular and benign sample-preparation technique. Fast, cost benefit, easy and fast operation, low consumption of organic solvents, ...
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Abstract: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a recent microextraction technique that was first developed by Assadi and et al. in 2006. This method is a very popular and benign sample-preparation technique. Fast, cost benefit, easy and fast operation, low consumption of organic solvents, high enrichment factor and short extraction time are the advantages of this technique. Simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of analytes in to a micro-volume of extraction solvent is based on a ternary solvent system. Extraction solvent must be non polar, water immiscible and usually have higher density than water. Being polar and water miscible is often considered as a necessary feature for the disperser solvent. The present review study, aims at introducing basic principles of DLLME method, parameters affecting the extraction efficiency and finally evaluating the application of DLLME method in extraction hazardous material in work place. ...... ......... ..... ..... ..... ........ ........ .......... ........... ................ ..........
Marzieh Motahari; Seyyed Reza Mazlom; Negar Asgharipour; Shahrokh Maghsoudi Poor Zaid Abadi; Mozhgan Ghiassi Ajgan
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 644-651
Abstract
Background Assertiveness is an important skill for nurses to successfully communicate with patients, families, and colleagues. Assertiveness as an important component of communication skills increases people’s self-esteem, improves professional communication, and promotes the quality of patient's ...
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Background Assertiveness is an important skill for nurses to successfully communicate with patients, families, and colleagues. Assertiveness as an important component of communication skills increases people’s self-esteem, improves professional communication, and promotes the quality of patient's care. The study aimed to investigate the effect of the assertiveness training on nurses’ level of assertiveness.Methods & Materials This experimental study was conducted on 60 nurses of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad in 2014. They were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned into intervention or control groups. Intervention group received assertiveness skills during a 2-day workshop. The control group did not receive any training. Assertiveness skills was measured in both groups before and 40 days after the intervention by Bar-on assertiveness questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, Mann–Whitney, Fisher’s exact test, and Wilcoxon tests using SPSS 11.5.Results No significant difference was seen between the two groups before the intervention with regard to nurse’s mean score of assertiveness score in the workplace (P=0.417). However, significant differences were seen after the intervention between mean assertiveness skill of the intervention group (23.30±2.89) and that of the control group (19.60±3.01).Conclusion The results showed that holding assertiveness skills workshop program affects the level of nurses’ assertiveness in the workplace. Therefore, with regard to the advantages of assertiveness skills