Hasan Izanloo; Gharib Majidi; Afshin Maleki; Mohammad Khazaee; Maryam sadat Tabatabaee Majd; Mahshid Vatankhah; Shahram Nazari
Volume 22, Issue 6 , January and February 2016, , Pages 1035-1042
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in groundwater resources of Jiroft city and compare them with WHO standard. Materials and Methods: This was descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. The samples were taken from 55 wells in different ...
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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in groundwater resources of Jiroft city and compare them with WHO standard. Materials and Methods: This was descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. The samples were taken from 55 wells in different parts of Jiroft in a one-year-period study. Each season three samples were taken from each source. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry. SPSS 16 software were used for data analysis. Statistical tests used, included One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tests (Tukey HSD and the Tamhane). Results: The annual average concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the water wells of Jiroft were 10.05 and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. Nitrate and nitrite levels in different seasons showed no significant differences (P>0.05). Nitrate concentrations were significant differences between first zone and zone 2 and 3, second zone and zone 5 and 6, Third zone and zone 5 and 6. Nitrate concentrations in residential areas was more than garden and vacant lands (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in wells were less than WHO standard but It is likely that some wells will have nitrate concentrations above the standard level, in the future. It is suggested that nitrate increasing factor in wells have to be controled and proper strategy should be considerd for prevention, reduction and control of nitrate concentration.
Omid Bahmani; Seyyedeh Al Mohammad; Afshin Bahmani
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, , Pages 387-396
Abstract
Background: Point and non-point Pollutions (agricultural and urban) are among the major reasons of the decrease of the groundwater quality.The aim of this study was the assessment of nitrate pollution and usage management of irrigation and drinking water in forbidden Hamedan- Bahar plain.
Materials ...
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Background: Point and non-point Pollutions (agricultural and urban) are among the major reasons of the decrease of the groundwater quality.The aim of this study was the assessment of nitrate pollution and usage management of irrigation and drinking water in forbidden Hamedan- Bahar plain.
Materials and Methods: In this study 69 data of Nitrate pollution levels were evaluated with ArcGIS software then the amount of Nitrate pollutionand also the pollution of drinking water were compared with California and EPA standards, respectively, during two periods, before and after the growing season, in 1389.
Results: According to the results, the average of Nitrate during May and September were12.14 and 15.13 mg/litter of nitrogen ions, respectively. The plain area percentage that had the Nitrate concentrations between 5 to 30 mg/litterwere 99.17 and 96.24 during June and September, respectively. Comparing with California standard, the results indicated the moderate contamination of irrigation water. The highest level of DO in September was 17.2 mg/l and in June on the same place was 2.28 mg/l. Also in September the area that located in the range of5 - 10 mg/lhad 4.81 percent of the plain.
Conclusion: The most contaminated section scontainedyekn- Abad village, the suburb of Hamedan and parts of the Central Plains due to excessive use of fertilizer, transfer of sewage and industrial centres. According to California standard the pollution of irrigation water was in the moderate range and according to EPA standard the drinking water was in the hazard range.
Hasan Izanloo; Seyyed Mostafa Khezri; Gharib Majidi; Aliasghar Al Sheykh; Hamidreza Tashauoei; Mohammad Khazaee; Behnam Vakili; Vahid Vaziri rad; Hossein Aghababaee; Shahnaz Arsang Jang
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1194-1204
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was surveying the trends of nitrate variations in drinking water of rural areas of Qom province and its mapping using GIS software.
Materials and Methods: This study was of descriptive cross-sectional type. The collected data related to nitrate concentrations during ...
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Background: The purpose of this study was surveying the trends of nitrate variations in drinking water of rural areas of Qom province and its mapping using GIS software.
Materials and Methods: This study was of descriptive cross-sectional type. The collected data related to nitrate concentrations during years 2006-2011 were acquired from Qom Province Rural Water and Wastewater Company. During the year 2012, 73 wells were tested via two sampling runs; one sampling set performed in wet season and the other one carried out in the dry season. Nitrate concentrations were determined spectrophotometric ally. The Chi-squared test and segmented regression model were used for data analysis. Four software’s, namely, Excel-2007, SPSS-16 and Joinpoint-4.1, were used for data mapping and analysis.
Results: The average nitrate concentration during 2006-2012 period was 23.12 mg/L with the standard deviation of 18.68 mg/L. 7.5% and 4.9% of the surveyed wells were “at risk” and “contaminated”, respectively. Regression results indicated a lack of sufficient statistical evidence to accept an increasing trend of nitrate during the study period (P value=0.85). There was no significant difference in the contamination averages between the results of two sample sets which were taken during each year. During the beginning of 2006 to the beginning of 2013, an increasing trend of nitrate concentration was observed in the contaminated wells.
Conclusion: In the majority of monitored wells, the nitrate concentration was in the standard range. In the “at risk” wells and also in the others, the concentrations were beyond the standard levels. Therefore, Management approaches should be applied to avoid the nitrate penetration into the aquifers.
Ayoub Rastegar; AmirHossein Mahvi; Aliakbar Mohammadi; Hossein Faraji
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 293-301
Abstract
Background: Underground water resources constitute an important part of urban water resources. One of the serious challenges in ensuring and promoting community health is gradual increase in nitrate levels of drinking water of communities across the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate ...
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Background: Underground water resources constitute an important part of urban water resources. One of the serious challenges in ensuring and promoting community health is gradual increase in nitrate levels of drinking water of communities across the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seasonal variation of nitrate and ammonia levels in drinking water wells of Babol city using GIS software, in 2010-11.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on drinking water wells of Babol city in 2010-11. Sampling was done according to a standard method from 20 drinking water wells, in different seasons; and in final, 80 water samples were analyzed. Nitrate and ammonia concentration of samples was measured using Spectrophotometer DR2000 (Hach company) in 500 and 425 nm, respectively. For qualitative analysis and seasonal fluctuation of nitrate and ammonia concentration of different areas, Geographic information systems , ArcGIS, was used.
Results: The results showed that the highest amount of nitrate was in summer (23.68 mg/l), and the lowest was in winter (14 mg/l). While the highest and the lowest amount of ammonia was in spring (0.43 mg/l) and summer (0.06 mg/l), respectively. Also, the results showed that only in well number 5 located in Kate Sofla village, nitrate concentration had increasing trend, and in the remaining wells, nitrate and ammonia concentration, had an increasing and a decreasing trend, respectively.
Conclusion: The results indicate that nitrate and ammonia levels in all samples were lower than the WHO recommendations. To avoid increasing in the ammonia and nitrate concentrations in the underground waters, ongoing training to farmers on the proper use of chemical fertilizers, as well as the construction and operation of wastewater collection systems are recommended.