Hossein Piri; Benyamin Alimohammadi; Fatemeh Saeedi; Firoozeh Naderi; Hasan Azhdari-Zarmehri
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May and June 2016, , Pages 151-160
Abstract
Background and Objectives: About half to one percent of the world population suffer from epilepsy.Seizure is the most common symptoms of epilepsy due to abnormal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain. Due to side effects of chemical drugs, herbal plants are widely used to control seizures. In ...
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Background and Objectives: About half to one percent of the world population suffer from epilepsy.Seizure is the most common symptoms of epilepsy due to abnormal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain. Due to side effects of chemical drugs, herbal plants are widely used to control seizures. In this study, Anticonvulsant activity of hydro-alcoholicextract of (Ziziphoratenuior L.) was investigated in mice. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male mice (25-30 g) were randomly selected and divided into five groups of 8, that included a control group (receiving saline and PTZ) and 4 treatment groups (receiving the extract doses of 150, 300, 600, 900 mg / kg). 30 minutes after IP administration with saline (in control group) and different doses of extract (in treatment groups), PTZ (80 mg/kg) were injectedAnd were transferred to a special cage immediately and convulsive behaviors were recorded by a camera during the 20 minutes. Then, the different phases of seizure were evaluated. Results: Extract injection in all doses by dose- dependently delayed the onset time of clonic, tonic and tonic-clonic seizures, but doses of 600 and 900 mg/kg had showed the greatest effect on onset time. The duration time of tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic seizures in animals that received extract also reduced. Extract injection also dose-dependently decreased the rate of mortality and the number of suddenly jumping during seizures, these effects in doses of 600 and 900 mg/kg was significant. Conclusion: Our study showed that, the hydro-alcoholicextract of (Ziziphoratenuior L.) had an appropriate anticonvulsant activity and it seems the future studies will be necessary to separate its ingredients and understand its mechanism of action.
Simin Namvar Aghdash; Roya Mirzaee
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 902-908
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. It affects, at least, on 0.5–2% of people worldwide. It causes serious physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. Despite a variety of current procedures for treatment of epilepsy, ...
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Background & Objectives: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. It affects, at least, on 0.5–2% of people worldwide. It causes serious physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. Despite a variety of current procedures for treatment of epilepsy, research for discovering new drugs has been continued. Although medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine for treatment of epilepsy, only a few of the medicinal plants have been examined scientifically. The aim of this study was to study the effect of Thymus vulgaris extract in the treatment of seizure.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 48 mice have been chosen randomly and divided into 6 groups, including control group, sham group that received distilled water, and 4 experimental groups that received aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris in doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg for 4 weeks. 30 minutes after gavage with different doses of the extract or distilled water, pentylenetetrazol was injected to experimental and sham groups. Animals immediately transferred to a special cage and the seizure behaviors and parameters were recorded by a camera. Then the different phases of seizure were evaluated.
Results: Data analysis indicated that the aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris had a significant effect on PTZ-induced seizure. The results showed that therapy by this extract increases latency time for onset of seizure and prevents progress of seizure phases.
Conclusion: The attained results showed that Thymus vulgaris extract has anticonvulsant effect on PTZ-induced seizure. Thus, it may be used in seizure treatment.
Homeyra Moradi Chameh; Saeed Semnanian; Mahyar Jan Ahmadi; Amir Shojaee; Azam Asgari; Seyyed Javad Mirnajafizadeh
Volume 22, Issue 4 , September and October 2015, , Pages 649-659
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Amygdala kindling is accompanied with alteration of the electrophysiological characteristics of pyramidal cells in CA1 area of hippocampus. However, it is not clear that when and in which seizure stage do these changes occur during kindling. In the present study, changes ...
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Background & Objectives: Amygdala kindling is accompanied with alteration of the electrophysiological characteristics of pyramidal cells in CA1 area of hippocampus. However, it is not clear that when and in which seizure stage do these changes occur during kindling. In the present study, changes in the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following partial amygdala kindling in rats were compared to full kindled state. Materials & Methods: Animals were rapidly kindled by 1 ms square waves, 50 Hz, for 3 s. These stimulations were applied to the amygdala 12 times per day at 5 min intervals. Animal received kindling stimulation until achieving stage 2 (partial kindled group) and stage 5 (full kindled group). 24 hours after the last kindling stimulation electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons were assessed by using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results: Obtained data from amygdala kindling showed that adaptation index, Rheobase, utilization time and the amplitude of afterhyperpolarization potential in partial kindled and full kindled compare to control were significantly decreased and the numbers of action potentials were significantly increased. Conclusion: The present findings showed that in spite of in partial amygdala kindling, the number of stimulations that rats will receive is lower than full kindled animal but it can change neuronal hyperexcitability through alteration of the electrophysiological characteristics.
Abolfazl Rad; Seyyed Mehdi Beheshti nasr; Hasan Ramshini
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 711-718
Abstract
Background and purpose: Minocycline has got the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Considering the interaction between cell death and seizure, and on the other hand, Kindling which increases expression NMDA receptors in brain, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of minocycline ...
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Background and purpose: Minocycline has got the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Considering the interaction between cell death and seizure, and on the other hand, Kindling which increases expression NMDA receptors in brain, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of minocycline on gene expression of NMDA receptor in hippocampus and piriform brain areas on amygdale kindling acquisition in rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, three animal groups of 24 Wistar rats received kindling stimulations (twice daily within 6 hours intervals) after being stereotaxic operated and taking one week recovery period. In first Group (n=8) animals did not received daily kindling stimulations. Animals of the second and the third Groups (n=8) respectively had been injected by saline (1ml/kg) and minocycline (25 mg/kg), 60 minutes before receiving kindling stimulations. Two hours after last stimulation animal’s brains were removed and the changes of NR2A gene subunit of NMDA receptor in the hippocampus and piriform cortex were measured and compared relative to the control group. Datawere analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests at significant level of P
Amir Shojaee; Vahid Sheybani; Khadijeh Esmaeel pour; Yaser Masoumi; Seyyed Javad Mirnajafizadeh
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January and February 2014, , Pages 496-504
Abstract
Background: Low frequency stimulation (LFS) has been recently suggested as an antiepileptic method in treating the drug-resistant epileptic syndromes such as temporal lobe epilepsy. So far, in the most clinical and experimental studies, LFS has been applied to the seizure focus itself. Considering the ...
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Background: Low frequency stimulation (LFS) has been recently suggested as an antiepileptic method in treating the drug-resistant epileptic syndromes such as temporal lobe epilepsy. So far, in the most clinical and experimental studies, LFS has been applied to the seizure focus itself. Considering the role of dentate gyrus in spreading of the limbic seizures, in the present study the effect of LFS of dentate gyrus on amygdala kindling-induced seizures was investigated.
Materials and methods: To kindle the animals, using stereotaxic instrument, a tripolar electrode was inserted into right basolateral area of amygdala and a bipolar electrode was ipsilaterally placed in dentate gyrus of male Wistar rats. After a 10 days recovery period, animals divided into two groups. The animals of kindled group were received daily electrical stimulations. In kindled+LFS group, LFS was delivered to dentate gyrus 1 min after cessation of amygdala kindling stimulation. The maximum seizure stage and duration of afterdischarges were evaluated after kindling stimulation. The effect of LFS on behavioral seizure stages and afterdischarges was compared using Kruskall Wallis and repeated measures 2-way AVOVA. A P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant level.
Results: The required time to achieve a stage 5 seizure was 12 days in kindled group animals. However, animals of kindled+LFS group did not show more than stage 2 seizure following 12 days of stimulation. LFS of dentate gyrus significantly prevented the increment of behavioral seizure stages and afterdischarge duration in kindled-LFS group compared with kindled group.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that application of LFS in the dentate gyrus can be an effective therapeutic method for controlling the amygdala kindling-induced seizures. Furthermore, this study provide further evidences showing LFS of brain areas involved in spreading the seizures, other than seizure focus can have anticonvulsant affect.
Mehdi Zarei; Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh; Seyyed Mehdi Beheshti Nasr
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 217-227
Abstract
Background: Low-frequency stimulation (LFS) (
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Background: Low-frequency stimulation (LFS) (
Ali Moghimi; Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh; Seyyed Mehdi Beheshti Nasr
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March and April 2012, , Pages 14-25
Abstract
Background: Minocycline is an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, its neuroprotective effects have been shown. Since there is interaction between cell death and seizure, the aim of this study is examination of the role of minocycline on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat.
Materials and ...
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Background: Minocycline is an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, its neuroprotective effects have been shown. Since there is interaction between cell death and seizure, the aim of this study is examination of the role of minocycline on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, three groups of animals (18 rats), after stereotaxic surgery and 1-week recovery period, received twice daily kindling stimulations. In fully kindled animals of groups 1-3, minocycline was injected intraperitoneally in doses 12.5 (n = 7), 25 (n = 5) and 50 (n = 6) mg/kg, respectively, 60 minutes before stimulation. Afterdischarge duration (ADD), stage 4 latency (S4L), Stage 5 Duration (S5D) and Seizure Duration (SD) were recorded and compared with related control groups (the same animals that had received saline 1 day before). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to represent a significant difference.
Results: In fully kindled animals who had received minocycline (50 and 25 mg/kg), ADD decreased significantly. When minocycline was delivered, S5D decreased 38.3% (p < 0.001), 34% (p