Nursing
elahe lal kheirkhah; mohammad haddadi; mitra ardakani; alireza adel barkhordar; zeynab taraz; saeed yazdi
Volume 27, Issue 6 , January and February 2021, , Pages 796-800
Abstract
Introduction: Following the discovery and rapid spread of the COVID19and it’s epidemic, numerous studies have been published to identify, prevent and treatment focusing on the adult population. Limited information is available on children with COVID-19. According to studies, children at all ages ...
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Introduction: Following the discovery and rapid spread of the COVID19and it’s epidemic, numerous studies have been published to identify, prevent and treatment focusing on the adult population. Limited information is available on children with COVID-19. According to studies, children at all ages are susceptible to infection and show different clinical manifestations in compare with adults. This study examined clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological findings in children with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: From March 20 until June 20, 2020, 6 children with COVID-19(based on RT-PCR), with average age of 13 years and 1 month and standard deviation of 1.81 were reported in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Esfarayen. Laboratory, clinical and radiological findings were extracted from their hospital records and reviewed by 2pediatricians and after adapting to clinical manifestations were presented in a descriptive case study.
Results: None of the children had a history of background disease or taking medications. The severity of the disease was mild in all children. None of the patients required mechanical ventilation and hospitalization in the ICU. No deaths were reported.
Conclusion: In the context of the emergence of viral infectious diseases and the uncertainty of the role of children in the transmission cycle; To better understanding the disease, the patient's clinical manifestations should be considered and clinical manifestations are defined after gathering more information about cases of children. Therefore, broader studies in the field of clinical and laboratory findings of children in recognizing the disease and its impact on children and society seems necessary.
Psychology
Foad Niknasab; Mahmoud Sheikh; Rasoul Hemayattalab
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 562-572
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this research was the effect of neurofeedback instruction and play therapy on symptoms of children with attention deficit -hyperactivity disorder.Methods: In terms of objectives the research method is functional, and in terms of its nature and method it is a quasi-experimental pre-test ...
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Aims: The aim of this research was the effect of neurofeedback instruction and play therapy on symptoms of children with attention deficit -hyperactivity disorder.Methods: In terms of objectives the research method is functional, and in terms of its nature and method it is a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test which has a control group. To this end 45 children suffering from attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder who visited the counseling center and psychological services of Refah, aged between 5 to 12, were selected randomly. And according to the objectives of research, participants were randomly put into three groups (15 individuals were selected for neurofeedback instruction group; 15 children were assigned to play therapy group; and 15 subjects were put in control group). After pre-test, the intervention program was administered for 20 sessions, then, post-test was given. To perform pre-test and post-test, we used Child Symptom Inventory-4: parent checklist; and for analyzing data Shapiro Wilk test, one way variance analysis and paired t- test were used.Results: The results showed that regarding ADHD there is significant difference between neurofeedback training with play therapy groups (P = 0.0001) and control group, also significant difference was observed between play therapy group and the control group (P = 0.0001). in order, neurofeedback instruction had the greatest impact then play therapy in reducing symptoms of ADHD.Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the two methods of neurofeedback training and play therapy might be used to decrease the symptoms of ADHA.
Farzaneh Montazeri; Mansour Karaji Bani; Maryam Esmaeili
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 350-358
Abstract
Background and purpose: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases dependingon nutrition. The aim of this studywas to investigate the relationship between the food intakes, obesity and dental caries among 6-11 years old children,referred to the pediatric clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, ...
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Background and purpose: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases dependingon nutrition. The aim of this studywas to investigate the relationship between the food intakes, obesity and dental caries among 6-11 years old children,referred to the pediatric clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan.
Materials and methods: This descriptive-analyticalstudy was performed on 79 children aged6-11 year-old. Dental caries was determined using DMFT. The body mass index (BMI) was usedto evaluate obesity and also asemi-quantitativefood frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was usedto assessfood intakes.
Results: The results showed that the prevalence of caries (≥4) amongoverweight and obese children was significantly more than other children(P>0.05 ).The results of food frequency showed that all childrenexcept those receivedmilk and dairyproducts, received fruits and vegetables from other food groups.There was a significant negative correlation between dental caries with mean consumption of milk and dairy products and fruits and vegetables,and a significant positive correlation with BMI and frequency of sweets consumption.
Conclusion:In the present study, obesity, cariogenic snacks, reducing the consumption of dairy products, fruits and vegetables have been proposed as risk factors for dental caries among children.Considering the importance of teeth in public health of children, education of parents and children regarding a balanced diet is essential.
Fakhri Haghi; Marziyeh Bayat; Habib Zeighami
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 61-68
Abstract
Background: Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is the predominant cause of infant diarrhea worldwide and represents a major endemic health threat to children living in developing countries. The increase in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, especially in children, is considered as one of the ...
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Background: Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is the predominant cause of infant diarrhea worldwide and represents a major endemic health threat to children living in developing countries. The increase in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, especially in children, is considered as one of the world's health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance in EPEC which isolated from children with diarrhea admitted to the hospital in Zanjan.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 450 stool specimens were collected from children with diarrhea
Keyghobad Ghadiri; Tahereh Sabouri; Ramin Abiri; Shiva Pormohammadi; Azam Elahi; Ali Pormohammadi
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 621-628
Abstract
Background and aim: Neisseria meningitidisis is a cause of some serious disease like Meningitis which can rapidly lead to death. The Majority of person suffering from Meningitis have not had any contact with patients and it seems that asymptomatic carriers are the main source of diseases. This descriptive ...
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Background and aim: Neisseria meningitidisis is a cause of some serious disease like Meningitis which can rapidly lead to death. The Majority of person suffering from Meningitis have not had any contact with patients and it seems that asymptomatic carriers are the main source of diseases. This descriptive study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nasopharyngeal Neisseria meningitidis carriers and antibiotic resistance in preschools and primary schools children in Kermanshah.
Material and methods: in this cross-sectional study, 554 kindergartens and schools children with a range of 2-12 years were recruited from different regions of Kermanshah, during November to March 2012. Samples were collected using a sterile swab from the back part of the pharynx (the area of the palatine tonsils) with prevention of contacting with teeth and transported to the laboratory in transport environment. After this, they were cultured on a selective culture medium which followed by performing confirmatory and antibiotic resistance tests to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility.
Results: the prevalence of Neisseria meningitides was investigated 10.6% among 554 healthy children with a mean age of 7.4 years, The resistance percentage of isolated samples to Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, Rifampin, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, Cotrimoxazole and Ceftriaxone was 54.2 %, 100 %, 6.8 %, 96.6 %, 54.2%, 13.6%, respectively.
Conclusion: the increasing use of antibiotics has led to a high level of antibiotic resistance, particularly Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, Rifampin, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and Cotrimoxazole, which indicates the necessity of educating physicians and general population regarding indiscriminate usage of antibiotics.
Mohammad Esmaeeli; Anoush Azarfar; Aghilollah Keykhosravi; Mahbobeh Nematshahi; Yalda Ravanshad; Ahmad Delbari; Effat SheykhBaheddin zadeh
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 597-602
Abstract
Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a reversible increase in the blood concentration of creatinine and nitrogenous waste products and by the inability of the kidney to regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis appropriately.
Hyperuricemia is a feature of several pathologies and requires ...
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Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a reversible increase in the blood concentration of creatinine and nitrogenous waste products and by the inability of the kidney to regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis appropriately.
Hyperuricemia is a feature of several pathologies and requires an appropriate and often early treatment, owing to the severe consequences that it may cause. A rapid and massive raise of uric acid, mainly damage the kidney.. Rasburicase, compared to allopurinol, results in more rapid reduction of uric acid and prevent its accumulation in patients with hematologic malignancy with hyperuricemia and AKI.
Methods: We evaluated the efficacy of rasburicase (0.15 mg/kg) administered as single dose in 15 patient with AKI in sheikh hospital, Mashhad University of medical Sciences. Beside conventional therapy, infusion of Rasburicase in 50cc normal saline in30 minute intravenously was done and all adverse reaction was treated.
Before injection of Rasburicase and 1st, 3nd and 7rd day after it urea, creatinine, uric acid and urine output were determined and compared.
Results: Within first 24 hour, the levels of serum uric acid in all patients decreased dramatically. there was a significant improvement in estimated GFR and urine output. Urea and creatinine level decreased from Day 0 to Day 7 but there was no difference between creatinine before treatment and 1st day.
Conclusion: Rasburicase is effective for management of hyperuricemia and uremia in AKI Patients
Siyamak Mohebbi; Mohammad Vakil Ali Abadi; Abolfazl Mozaffari; Parham Khoshdani Farahani
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January and February 2014, , Pages 472-478
Abstract
Background: Snoring is a common factor of sleep disturbances in children, and may influence their growth. This study aimed to assess the relationship between snoring with height and weight growth in 2-12-year-old children of Qom.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 100 children with snoring ...
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Background: Snoring is a common factor of sleep disturbances in children, and may influence their growth. This study aimed to assess the relationship between snoring with height and weight growth in 2-12-year-old children of Qom.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 100 children with snoring (65 boys, 35 girls) and 100 normal children (40 boys, 60 girls) were selected and analyzed. Data were collected from parents of children by filling out Berlin questionnaire and percentile of Height and Weight. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 18 and P value below than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean (SD) age, weight and height of studied children were 6.81 (±2.93) years, 25.39 (±11.56) kilograms and 116.11 (±20.01) 35% centimeters, respectively. There was significant correlation between weight percentile and snoring in children above 7 years old (p=0.024). Also there was a significant correlation between severity of snoring and weight (p=0.047). There was no significant difference between snoring and height in case and control children.
Conclusion: This study shows the relationship between sleep disturbances, especially snoring, and growth disorders. Informing of parents and physician about this issue may help early diagnosis and treatment of sleep disturbances in children.
Azadeh Soltanifar; Roya Samadi; Mohsen Pasandideh; Naghmeh Mokhber; Fatemeh Moharari; Atefeh Soltanifar
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 228-237
Abstract
Background: ADHD is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children. Methylphenidate is the most frequent medication prescribed for this disorder, while bupropion is suggested as an alternative for treatment. This research aims to compare the efficacy and safety of bupropion and methylphenidate ...
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Background: ADHD is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children. Methylphenidate is the most frequent medication prescribed for this disorder, while bupropion is suggested as an alternative for treatment. This research aims to compare the efficacy and safety of bupropion and methylphenidate (Ritalin) in children with ADHD. Materials and Methods: Forty children with ADHD, aged 6 to 12 years, from consecutive referrals to child psychiatric clinic of Ibn-e-Sina hospital were selected and randomly divided into two categories (treatment with methylphenidate or bupropion). Evaluations were carried out based on ADHD Rating Scale (by teacher and parent) and Global Clinical Scale (by clinician) at the beginning of the study and again after 4 and 8 weeks of the study. Adverse effects were also checked at 4 and 8 weeks. Data was analyzed using SPSS software, version 11.5. Results: Data was normally distributed in the two categories in terms of demographic and quantitative variables. Therapeutic response, in parents’ views, was better in Ritalin group and was significantly different at the end of the 8th week (p=0.014). Ritalin was also more efficacious in teachers’ views, but had no significant advantage (p=0.092). Global clinical scale showed a significant advantage in both categories regarding response to therapy (p=0.014). Therapy was seen efficacious by parents, teachers, and clinician (p
S POURAHMADI; M JAFARZADEH
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March and April 2006, , Pages 46-50
Abstract
Background and purpose: Diarrhea diseases are major causes of morbidity, with attack rates ranging from 2 to 12 cases illnesses per person per year in both developed and developing countries. In addition, diarrhea illnesses account for an estimated 12, 600 deaths each day in children in Asia, Africa ...
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Background and purpose: Diarrhea diseases are major causes of morbidity, with attack rates ranging from 2 to 12 cases illnesses per person per year in both developed and developing countries. In addition, diarrhea illnesses account for an estimated 12, 600 deaths each day in children in Asia, Africa and Latin America. This study is therefore intended to study factors affecting, diarrhea diseases in children.
Methods and Materials: Age, sex, kind of feeding, weight, kind of acute diarrhea and knowledge of patients' mothers in 222 Children with an admission diagnosis of diarrhea admitted to Emam Reza and Dr Shaikh Hospitals in Mashad were studied in 2004 summer.
Results: There was no correlation between diarrhea and sex (56.5% boys and 40.5% girls). There were a good correlation between bottle feeding, weight under 3rd percentile (P=0.001), knowledge of patients` mothers and diarrhea (p=0.001). There was a good correlation between age and kind of diarrhea (inflammatory and non-inflammatory) too.
Conclusion: Bottle feeding, underweight and low knowledge of patients` mothers are the most common predisposing factors in diarrheal diseases of children.