Physiology & Pharmacology
Mohammad Sofiabadi; MohammadHossein Esmaeili; Amir-reza Mafea
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 143-153
Abstract
The aim of present study, was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of morphine on memory in Healthy and Streptozotocin (STZ) Rat Model of AD.Methods: In first experiment animals were divided to: Control and Morphine group which were injected with saline and Morphine (5mg/kg, ip.) In the second experiment ...
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The aim of present study, was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of morphine on memory in Healthy and Streptozotocin (STZ) Rat Model of AD.Methods: In first experiment animals were divided to: Control and Morphine group which were injected with saline and Morphine (5mg/kg, ip.) In the second experiment animals were divided to: control, sham and groups treated with STZ and STZ plus saline or morphine (2 mg/kg.). For induction of AD, STZ (3 mg/kg, 10 μl/injection site) were administered into lateral ventricles. Morphine , were injected for 10days. All rates were trained in the water maze. Results: our results show that Morphine (5mg/kg) impaired learning in Healthy rats. our results also show that i.c.v. injection of STZ significantly increased escape latency and Swimming distance to find the platform in comparison with the control group (P
Mohammad Hossein Esmaeili; Mohammad Sofiabadi; Hashem Haghdost; Ayda Lotfi; Mahshid Najafi
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 862-869
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Although benzodiazepine drugs have notably anxiolytic and amnesic properties, some of β-carbolines, as their inverse agonists, have a stimulating effect on the dopaminergic system and also increase dopamine levels in hippocampus, and could exert anxiogenic and learning-enhancing ...
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Background & Objectives: Although benzodiazepine drugs have notably anxiolytic and amnesic properties, some of β-carbolines, as their inverse agonists, have a stimulating effect on the dopaminergic system and also increase dopamine levels in hippocampus, and could exert anxiogenic and learning-enhancing actions. The goal of present study was to investigate the effects of benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist Norharmane on memory retention of passive avoidance learning in rats.
Materials & Methods: 40 male wistar rats were divided into control, alcohol and norharmane groups. All rates were trained in a passive avoidance task (50Hz, 1mA, for 3sec). Alcohol (0.2ml) or Norharmane (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) were injected immediately after training. Retention test was done 48h later. Memory retention of each animal was measured as latency takes to enter the dark chamber of the task.
results: After-training injection of Norharmane improves memory retention in a dose-dependent manner, So that the time spent in the light chamber area before entering to the dark area and Total time spent in the light chamber in the norharmane groups were more than control group. These times in the norharmane (2 mg/kg) group was significantly higher than control group (p<0.001)
Conclusion: According to the findings, Norharmane, as inverse agonists of benzodiazepine receptors in the low doses, through GABA receptors stimulation, improves memory retention and so may be useful for memory improvement.
Maryam KHosravi; MohammadHossein Esmaeili; Mahin Mafi
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 646-654
Abstract
Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely associated with impaired insulin signaling in brain, suggesting it to be a brain-specific form of diabetes and so termed as “type 3 diabetes”. Therefore investigating the role of pharmacological agents that can improve neuronal insulin resistance merit ...
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Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely associated with impaired insulin signaling in brain, suggesting it to be a brain-specific form of diabetes and so termed as “type 3 diabetes”. Therefore investigating the role of pharmacological agents that can improve neuronal insulin resistance merit attention in treatment off AD. Metformin is one of the most widely used against peripheral insulin resistance. In present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of metformin on spatial learning and memory of streptozotocin (STZ) Rat Model of AD.
Materials and Methods: 56 Female wistar rate (200-250gr) were divided into 6 groups (n=6): control, sham operated, STZ, STZ +Saline (0.2ml), STZ +Metformin (50,100,200mg/kg, i.p. for 10 day). For induction of AD, STZ (3 mg/kg,) were administered bilaterally into latral ventricles. All rates were tested spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze.
Results : our results show that pre-training injection of Metformin improves spatial learning and memory in STZ Rat Model of AD in a dose dependent manner, so that rats of Metformin groups found platform in less time and with less distance traveled, in comparison with STZ group. Metformin also increased the percentage of time elapsed and the distance swum in the target quadrant in STZ Rat Model of AD, in probe test.
Conclusion: An i.c.v. injection of STZ resulted in a significant decline in spatial learning and memory and pretreatment with Metformin can enhance spatial learning and memory. The results show that metformin as an insulin sensitizer against peripheral insulin resistance is useful for AD treatment.
MohammadHossein Esmaeili; Hashem Haghdoost Yazdy; Mohammad Sofiabadi; Hasan Ajdari Zarmehri
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 6-12
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Glutamatergic system has a role on morphine withdrawal sign, and magnesium has inhibitory effect on the NMDA receptors of glutamatergic system. The present study aimed to determine the effects of magnesium injection on morphine withdrawal signs in male and female rats. Materials ...
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Background and Purpose: Glutamatergic system has a role on morphine withdrawal sign, and magnesium has inhibitory effect on the NMDA receptors of glutamatergic system. The present study aimed to determine the effects of magnesium injection on morphine withdrawal signs in male and female rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 Male and female rats (200-250 gr) were used. The animals divided into 6 equal groups: two male and female control groups received normal saline; two male and female groups receiving magnesium sulfate 150 mg/kg; and the last two groups receiving magnesium sulfate 300 mg/kg. All groups received 3% sucrose in tap water with morphine 0.4mg/ml (for 21 days) to become addicted. In the end of 21st day, NS or magnesium administrated 30 min before naloxone (2mg/kg) and then withdrawal signs evaluated for next 30 min. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using ANOVA and complementary tests with p
MH ESMAEILI; AA VAFAEI
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September and October 2007, , Pages 147-153
Abstract
Background and purpose: Opioids such as morphine are over used during pregnancy. These substances can probably induce long–term behavioral and psychological alterations (particularly learning and memory alterations) in exposed infants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of prenatal morphine ...
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Background and purpose: Opioids such as morphine are over used during pregnancy. These substances can probably induce long–term behavioral and psychological alterations (particularly learning and memory alterations) in exposed infants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of prenatal morphine exposure on the retrieval of spatial memory in rats.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental research, 18 pregnant wistar rats were assigned into three groups: The control group, the saline group and the morphine group. The control group received nothing but the saline and morphine groups received subcutaneus 0.5 mg saline and morphine (5mg/kg for 3 days and 10 mg/kg for 5 days) respectively, twice a day on 11-18 gestational days. After birth, 30 exposed pups of 90 days were trained in an 8-arm radial maze apparatus and their retrieval of spatial memory was assessed 48 hours and 1 week after training.
Results: The injection of morphine during pregnancy can seriously impair the retreival of spatial memory in childeren so that correct responses in the morphine- group rats were far less than correct responses in other groups, on the retrieval days (48 hours and 1 week after training ).
Conclusion: According to the findings, prenatal morphine exposure can impair the retrieval of spatial memory.