Epidemiology and Statistics
Maryam Askari; Mohammad hassan Lotfi; Mohammad bagher Owlia; Hossain Fallahzadeh; Masoud Mohammadi
Volume 25, Issue 6 , November and December 2018, , Pages 854-863
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease, due to which the fractures result in huge economic and social costs every year for the health system of the country and the people, therefore, the present study was conducted to review the risk factors for osteoporosis.Materials ...
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Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease, due to which the fractures result in huge economic and social costs every year for the health system of the country and the people, therefore, the present study was conducted to review the risk factors for osteoporosis.Materials and Methods: The present article is a narrative review in which articles published in Persian and English at the Google scholar, SID, PubMed, and Science Direct databases from 2000 to 2016 using key words of osteoporosis, Bone density, Risk factor, Bone Mineral Density, Age, Sex, BMI and Menopause.Results: In the study of 19 articles in this study, the most important risk factors for osteoporosis were odds ratio, the age of 60 years old 22.9(19), body mass index (BMI) less than 25, 4.2 (22), inactivity Physical exercise 2.1 (20) and exercise less than 3 hours 2.8 (21), the number of deliveries more than 3 times 2.1 (22), hookah consumption 12.7 (20) and menopause 29.6 (23), Low dairy consumption was 34.2 (23), family history of 2.3 (23), Use of glucocorticoids 3.6 (22).Conclusion: The most important risk factors for osteoporosis mentioned in the studies related to the lifestyle, Therefore, health programs, attention to nutrition and physical activity from childhood and adolescence should be considered by health policy-makers.
Sahar Sadat Alavi; Hassan Naemi; Ali Hosseinzadeh
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 626-633
Abstract
Background Today, the majority of developing countries have experienced social, economic, health and the demographic transition (known as aging) problems. Over time, the number of elderly in whole population will increase. Currently, 4%-5% of the whole population are 60 years and older. This study aimed ...
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Background Today, the majority of developing countries have experienced social, economic, health and the demographic transition (known as aging) problems. Over time, the number of elderly in whole population will increase. Currently, 4%-5% of the whole population are 60 years and older. This study aimed to identify the causes of mortality among the older people over 60 years.Methods & Materials This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that its study samples included all 60 years and older people who have died in Sabzevar in the years 2011-2013. The study data were collected by checklist.Results A total of 2278 samples were studied. Their mean(SD) age was 71.54(8.87) years and the maximum and minimum ages were 107 and 60 years, respectively. In our study, the average mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases was 56.24%, deaths due to respiratory diseases 10.37% and deaths due to cancer was recorded as 7.88%, which were the first three leading causes of death in the elderly patients.Conclusion Because the mortality due to cardiovascular disease in the elderly is the first cause and the respiratory infections ranked as the second cause, paying attention to the importance of prevention and observation of risk factors in the families are of critical importance. Also, conducting more comprehensive and adequate planning for early diagnosis of these diseases and particular attention to the patients, especially the elderly persons, are required.
Seyyd Mansour Kashfi; Maryam Yazdankhah; Al Khani Jeihooni; Mohammad Javad Motamedi; Akbar Babaei Heydarabadi; Marjan Vejdani
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 634-643
Abstract
Background Suicide is one of the important health problems. In Iran, like most countries in the world, suicide has considerably increased in recent decades and its reduction is one of the key goals of the health system. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for suicide to provide appropriate ...
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Background Suicide is one of the important health problems. In Iran, like most countries in the world, suicide has considerably increased in recent decades and its reduction is one of the key goals of the health system. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for suicide to provide appropriate strategies and planning of practitioners for better prevention and treatment of people at risk.Methods & Materials This is a desriptive correlational study. The study population comprised all suicide attempts in 2011. To this end, 545 records were examined in proportional stratified manner. The device of collecting data was a checklist, including age, sex, history of suicide attempt,etc. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive tests using SPSS19.Results Based on the results, 36.7% of the subjects who attempted sucide were men and 63.3% were women. The majority of suicide attempters were single (53.9%), aged 14-24 years (54.9%) and were city residents (90.1%). Suicide rates were highest in winter (30.6%). Among suicide attempters, 74.3% had used drugs. The most common reasons of attempting for suicide among married persons were marital problems.Conclusion According to the findings, promotion of healthy marriage, premarital consultation, social and mental support with regard to social problems, promotion of correct urbanization culture, correct use of medication, expansion of hope and recreation among people, especially the young could be helpful and instrumental in prevention of Suicide.
Mehdi Karimi Babokani; Mojtaba Keikha; Hossein Mirzaee; Hamid Salehinia
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 263-269
Abstract
Background: Identification of factors that influence job satisfaction can impact the efficiency and quality of nursing services and personal life. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate factors affecting job satisfaction of nurses in Isfahan hospitals
Materials & Methods: this study is cross ...
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Background: Identification of factors that influence job satisfaction can impact the efficiency and quality of nursing services and personal life. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate factors affecting job satisfaction of nurses in Isfahan hospitals
Materials & Methods: this study is cross – sectional and was conducted in 2013 on 100 nurses in private and public hospitals of Isfahan, which were selected by multistage sampling method. A two-part questionnaire was used to collect data: the first part was comprised from the demographic information and the second part was related to job satisfaction. Data analyzed by spss version 11, ANOVA and t-test at The significance level of 5% .
Results: In this study, only 35% of nurses were satisfied with their current job. Job satisfaction was significantly related with job position (p=0.001), type of employment (p=0.02) and sector of hospital (p=0.001).
Conclusion: It is essential for nurses managers to consider job position, type of employment and sector of hospital for improving the job satisfaction of their staff and, in this way, they can develop some plans to improve job satisfaction.
Mahmoud Vakili; Moslem Taheri Sodjani; Naser Hossein Sartibzadeh; Sajjad Rahimi Pardanjani; Najibollah Baeradeh; Samira Arjmandizadeh; Leila Ekrami
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 114-122
Abstract
Background: Ischemic heart disease is the most important cause of mortality in many places around the world. Premature heart attacks at early ages are increasing, so identifying and controlling risk factors can be an effective step in public health promotion. This study aimed to investigate the factors ...
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Background: Ischemic heart disease is the most important cause of mortality in many places around the world. Premature heart attacks at early ages are increasing, so identifying and controlling risk factors can be an effective step in public health promotion. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting on this disease.
Methods: This is a case-control study conducted on 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to the CCU and 100 patients hospitalized in other sectors (as a control) in Shahid Sadooghi hospital, Yazd,Iran . The control group was matched for age, sex and risk factors such as smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, depression, stress, eating fast food, fruit and vegetable consumption, positive family history and salty food. Then items were examined. Statistical significant level was considered as 95%.
Results: The results showed that the crude odds ratio for some factors like smoking (OR=2.22 P=.007), greater stress (OR=3.35 P=.000), depression (OR=3.07 P=.001), high triglycerides (OR=1.86 P=.03), high cholesterol (OR= 3.3 P=.000), high LDL (OR=4.88 P=.000) and high HDL (OR=.041 P=.000) is statistically significant, but the adjusted odds ratio determined that only three factors such as depression (OR = 3.09 P.033), high LDL (OR=6.33 P=.004) and high HDL (OR=.021 P=.000 ) have major impact on acute myocardial infarction.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that some modifiable factors such as depression, high LDL and high HDL play a role in causing or preventing acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, controlling these factors can be crucial in controlling the disease.
Roya Akbarzadeh; Fatemeh Ghardashi; Rasool Tabari; Akram Koshki; Masoumeh Hashemiyan; Tayyebeh Novrozinejad; Hamid Alami
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 582-589
Abstract
Title: Evaluation of individual characteristics, family history and blood group in women with breast cancer in Sabzevar, 1391
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally. This disease has varied Incidence and mortality rate in different communities which this variation is affected ...
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Title: Evaluation of individual characteristics, family history and blood group in women with breast cancer in Sabzevar, 1391
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally. This disease has varied Incidence and mortality rate in different communities which this variation is affected by some factors such as age, sex , race ,socioeconomic and marital status, geographic location and lifestyle. this study aimed to examine individual characteristics, family history and blood group in women with breast cancer in Sabzevar.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, 218 women with age of older than 20 years suffering from breast cancer were identified through census method by health volunteers from 1380 to 1389 in Sabzevar. Needed information was collected using an interview form whose validity and reliability were approved via face validity and content and test-retest method. Obtained data was analyzed using spss software and descriptive statistics was applied to calculate indexes and frequencies.
Result: among 218 patients, 125( 57.3 percent ) were alive . the Subjects’ average age was 52.85± 1.2 with a Maximum and minimum age of 86 and 28 years old, respectively. among 124 live patients , 26 patients ( 21 %) of them had a history of breast cancer in the family. If there is a first-degree relatives with breast cancer, chance of getting cancer would be higher than other cases ( 46.1 %). The most and least frequency of blood group were O (37.6 %) and AB + (6.9 percent), respectively.
Conclusion: findings of the present study revealed that the family history and blood group of O can be considered as risk factors of developing breast cancer in Sabzevar.The mean age of onset is lower than the worldwide age. Enhance, these issues should be noticed in the planning of health services.
MB ARDESHIR LARIJANI; SM TAVANGAR; AR SHAFAHI; A LASHKARI; M RASOULINEZHAD; R HESHMAT; M IZADI; V HAGHPANAH; SH AFHAMI; M MOHRAZ
Volume 13, Issue 4 , January and February 2007, , Pages 166-171
Abstract
Background and Purpose: A wide spectrum of endocrine abnormalities including thyroid dysfunction has been observed in HIV-infected patients with different results. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and to identify factors affecting the development of hypothyroidism ...
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Background and Purpose: A wide spectrum of endocrine abnormalities including thyroid dysfunction has been observed in HIV-infected patients with different results. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and to identify factors affecting the development of hypothyroidism in HIV-infected patients.
Methods and Materials: Free T4, FT3, TSH, and thyroglobulin levels of 88 HIV-infected patients receiving care at UT counseling center for Behavioral Disorders in Tehran, an out patient referral center, were measured and data on their age, sex, body weight, BMI, history of opium and injection addictions, duration of HIV infection, disease stage, history of opportunistic infection or malignancy, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral treatment with antiretroviral drugs (HAART), receipt of other drugs (TMP-SMX, antituberculosis drugs, and steroids), and hepatitis C virus Co-infection were collected. Inclusion of the subjects was simply random.
Results:17% of subjects had hypothyroidism; 1.1% had overt hypothyroidism; 2.3% subclinical hypothyroidism and 13.6% had low FT4 levels. The multivariate analysis showed that none of the studied factors were associated with the development of hypothyroidism.
Conclusion: As none of the above-mentioned factors are not associated with the development of hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism should be considered in HIV-infected patients.
F BAKOUEI; S BAKOUEI
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September and October 2006, , Pages 152-157
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Urinary Incontinence is a common complication during pregnancy which affects 30% to 60% of women. In some women the problem persists after delivery. on average, 10% to 40% of women are affected by postpartum urinary Incontinence, which not only affects their living condition but ...
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Background and Purpose: Urinary Incontinence is a common complication during pregnancy which affects 30% to 60% of women. In some women the problem persists after delivery. on average, 10% to 40% of women are affected by postpartum urinary Incontinence, which not only affects their living condition but also imposes upon them extremely high treatment costs. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of postpartum urinary in continence and factors predisposing it.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytical study included 165 women who had been admitted to selected Health Centers in Babol. Iran within 4 months after their Labor. Continuous random sampling led to the inclusion of 165 qualified subjects whose data were gathered through questionnaires. Chi- square and t- test were used in data analysis.
Results: In this study, the prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence was 19.4% and 12.2% reported urgent urinary incontinence, 7.2% reported symptoms of stress urinary incontinence and 3% reported symptoms of both types. Significant relationships were found between postpartum urinary incontinence and factors such as the number of gravidity and parity (P
M MOHAMMADZADEH SHABESTARI; AA DADGAR
Volume 12, Issue 2 , July and August 2005, , Pages 55-59
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Due to the significance of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and coronary arterial diseases (CAD) which occur contemporary in a short period and due to lack of reports in this regard, this study was planned to determine the prevalence of CVA in patients suffering from Acute Myocardial ...
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Background and Purpose: Due to the significance of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and coronary arterial diseases (CAD) which occur contemporary in a short period and due to lack of reports in this regard, this study was planned to determine the prevalence of CVA in patients suffering from Acute Myocardial Infraction (AMI).
Methods and Materials: This prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with convenient sampling. All clinical and Para clinical information of 1000 patients with AMI hospitalized in Imamreza and Ghaem Hospitals of Mashad, Iran, were collected at their bedside using questionnaires.
Results: The prevalence of CVA was 2.2% where 73% were ischemic and 27% were hemorrhagic. 82% were male and the rest female; hemorrhagic CVA was most prevalent in women. They were most commonly found between 61 and 70 years of age. CVA occurred mostly between 4 and 11 O'clock in the morning, when AMI was also of high prevalence. Also Hypertension in Smokers was the greatest risk factor for CVA but no relationship was found to exist between arythmia and CVA. CVA led to death in 18% of the cases and 82% were discharged with residual morbidity.
Conclusion: The results indicated that, like global studies, CV A can be considered as one of the complications of AMI. High prevalence of hypertension is certainly a re-emphasis on controlling the blood pressure for the prevention of CVA and its fundamental influence on health and socioeconomic issues of the community.