immunology & Biochemistry
mahsa saeedpour; mohamad fazilati; zolfaghar lotfi
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus, has emerged as one of the most pressing healthcare challenges of this century. The role of laboratory data in diagnosing severe forms of COVID-19 remains inconclusive. This research aimed to find ways to quickly prevent COVID-19.Materials ...
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus, has emerged as one of the most pressing healthcare challenges of this century. The role of laboratory data in diagnosing severe forms of COVID-19 remains inconclusive. This research aimed to find ways to quickly prevent COVID-19.Materials and Methods: This research involved 43 COVID-19 patients monitored from March 2022 to May 2022 at the Mehregan Private Center in Khuzestan Province. Hematological and biochemical tests of the patients were performed. Measurements of D-dimer and Interleukin-6 were performed using the Biotek ELX 800TS analyzer, while fibrinogen levels were determined through the Clauss coagulation method. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22 and GraphPad Prism version 9.Results: There is a significant difference in the levels of interleukin 6, D-Dimer, and fibrinogen, which was equal to 0.0001 (P<0.05). Threshold level and area under the receptor operating characteristic curve (ROC) interleukin-6 was 20.06 pg/ml and 0.837, D-dimer 952.5 ng/ml and 0.929, and fibrinogen was 206.5 mg/dL and 0.768, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of predicting the severity of COVID-19 interleukin 6 were 67.44% and 100%, D-dimer 60.47% and 97.67%, and fibrinogen 53.49 % and 95.35%, respectively. Interleukin-6 and D-dimer had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID-19, but for fibrinogen, this level was not as obvious as the other two factors.Conclusion: D-dimer and interleukin-6 had more pronounced effects on the severity of this disease, while fibrinogen had a lower impact.
Nursing
Ziba Raisi Dehkordi; Hadis Sourinejad; Elham Adib Moghaddam; Masoumeh Rahimi; Shahriyar Salehi Tali
Abstract
Background: Preparation for a crisis is necessary. The experiences of nursing and midwifery professors and students involved in the Covid-19 pandemic have helped us clarify and better prepare for future crises, particularly for biological crises. Therefore, the present research aimed to explore the views ...
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Background: Preparation for a crisis is necessary. The experiences of nursing and midwifery professors and students involved in the Covid-19 pandemic have helped us clarify and better prepare for future crises, particularly for biological crises. Therefore, the present research aimed to explore the views and experiences of nursing and midwifery instructors and students regarding in-hospital crisis management during the Covid-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, data collection was done using semi-structured interviews with 14 nursing and midwifery instructors and students with experience in caring for coronavirus patients during the covid-19 pandemic; data analysis was conducted according to the conventional content analysis approach.Results: The analysis of the interviews was accompanied by 425 inference codes, which finally ended in 9 categories and 3 main categories after merging the repeated cases (integrated management, professional ethics and development of specialized knowledge).Conclusion: In order to prepare for biological crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the cooperation of various organizations is necessary for a more proper management of the situation. It is also necessary for health managers to recruit workers after assessing the severity of the crisis, and to help them develop their knowledge and skills with evidence-based training, while sticking to the principles of professional ethics, and paying special attention to maintaining and improving the mental health of the workers.
Gyneocology
Farinaz Haghayegh Khorasani; Maryam Zangeneh; Firoozeh Veisi; Maryam Hematti
Abstract
Background: Pregnant women and their fetuses are likely to represent a high‐risk population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The present study was designed aiming to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 with D-dimer levels.Materials ...
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Background: Pregnant women and their fetuses are likely to represent a high‐risk population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The present study was designed aiming to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 with D-dimer levels.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analysis, blood samples were collected from patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID‐19 for evaluating D-dimer levels. The descriptive statistics are used to give more information using SPSS software.Results: The flowing mean scores were obtained: age (30.99±5.66 y), gravidity (1.89±0.92 %), parity (1.38±0.63 %), and gestational age (24.39±10.6 w). Of 106 eligible pregnant women, 28.3% were receptive in the first trimester, 28.3% in the second trimester, and 43.39% in the third trimester. Our study showed RT-PCR test and HRCT chest scan to be positive in 91.5% and 63.2% of cases, receptively, with clinical suspicion and symptoms. The most common maternal and fetal outcomes included cesarean section, abortion, preterm labor, meconium, pulmonary embolism, prelabor rupture of membranes, and hypertension. The mean level of D-dimer in patients was 852.14±915.08 mg/L. Reference ranges for D-dimers level increased in the trimester order. In pregnant COVID-19 patients, about 79.25% of cases were out of the conventional normal threshold of D-dimer values.Conclusion: The majority of complications were observed in the positive D-dimer levels. D-dimer level elevation continues to be a sign of poor prognosis in pregnant patients with COVID-19.
Microbiology
Mahdieh Emadi; Javid Taghinejad; Ayda Ghaffarzadeh
Volume 27, Issue 5 , November and December 2020, , Pages 614-619
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus that can be transmitted from person to person through close contact. The aim of the present study is to investigate new information in the field of COVID-19 immunology. Materials and Methods: The present ...
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Introduction: COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus that can be transmitted from person to person through close contact. The aim of the present study is to investigate new information in the field of COVID-19 immunology. Materials and Methods: The present study uses Google and Google Scholar search engines and articles indexed by reputable international scientific databases including Pub Med, MedLine, and the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, published articles about COVID-19 and field of immunology were reviewed, and articles that did not have free access (Open Acess) and only access to abstracts were excluded from the study. Results: In total, studies have been suggested that the amount of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-7, IL-2, G-CSF, and TNF-α has been reported at high levels in patients. The ACE2 receptor is the target receptor for the Covid-19 virus, which binds to it after entering the lungs then IFN-I inhibit the primary replication and inhibition of the virus. Conclusion: After reviewing the articles, it was found that strengthening the immune system against viral infections is very important. The virus weakens the immune system by disrupting the production of type I interferon and reducing expression in the production of MHC-I, II. One of the best ways to fight COVID-19 is to get the right vaccine to boost immune system and produce T cells and cytokines.