Mohammad Reza Noori-Daloii; Zahra Sadr
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 1-11
Abstract
Background & Objectives Cancer treatment is still one of the main challenges in the field of basic science and clinical science in medicine. Surgery is often the first option in the treatment of cancer, providing the tumor in a way that can be removed. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination ...
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Background & Objectives Cancer treatment is still one of the main challenges in the field of basic science and clinical science in medicine. Surgery is often the first option in the treatment of cancer, providing the tumor in a way that can be removed. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of both can be used to reduce the tumor in the pre- or post-surgical stage. Hormone therapy, stem cell and bone marrow cell transplantation, and immunotherapy are among other therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy or the use of the immune system for treatment, after chemotherapy and radiation therapy is one of the most important complementary and effective methods for treating cancer. Immunotherapy such as chemotherapy is systematically done and used to prevent the spread of malignancies, but unlike that only attacks malignant cells and does not effect on normal cells. Cancer, immune therapy with the direct use of immune system components and makes an active immune response such as stimulating the patient's immune system cells and reintroducing these cells to the individual. Indirect stimulation and the use of immune products such as anti-cancer monoclonal antibody to remove tumor antigens is called passive immune therapy. Results The results from clinical trials confirm the design of combined therapies for cancer treatment, which include a combination of various immune therapies along with chemotherapy or the combination of several therapeutic immunotherapy approaches. Conclusion The goal of this review article is to concisely review some of the most important recent developments in cancer immunology and immunotherapy, and explain new insights into the mechanisms that underlie cancer immune evasion by which might lead to pathways for identifying novel treatments.
mohamad reza Noori-Daloii; Nazanin Rahimi rad; Saeedeh Kavoosi
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 1-11
Abstract
According to the growing developments and improvements of cancer immunotherapies, nowadays, special attention has been paid to the immunotherapies of various types of cancers. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is one of the T-cell therapies that affects tumor cells, not the normal cells. ...
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According to the growing developments and improvements of cancer immunotherapies, nowadays, special attention has been paid to the immunotherapies of various types of cancers. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is one of the T-cell therapies that affects tumor cells, not the normal cells. Research conducted over the past decades suggests that CAR T-cell based therapies has revolutionized cancer therapies, and has provided precious achievements in the treatment of hematologic malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma, and solid tumors including neuroblastoma and glioblastoma. In this review article, structure, function of CAR T- cells, along with some of the antigens that are expressed on the surface of the tumor cells and the CAR T-cells targeting them are presented. Subsequently, several examples of successful therapies with the help of this technology are presented and finally, the safety of these therapies and the challenges and future perspectives are discussed.