Nahid Jesri; Abedin Saghafipour; Fatemeh Rezaei; Moharram Karami Jooshin
Volume 23, Issue 3 , July and August 2016, , Pages 496-503
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the geographical distribution of smoking which is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disorders in Iran. In this regard, mapping of cigarette smoking was designed and implemented using Geographic Information ...
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Background This study aimed to assess the geographical distribution of smoking which is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disorders in Iran. In this regard, mapping of cigarette smoking was designed and implemented using Geographic Information System.Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Initially, the national data from risk factors for non-communicable diseases screening program were collected from the Iranian Non-communicable Disease Control Center. Then, the incidence of cigarette smoking in each province was calculated. These data have been prepared by the Health Ministry. In the next step, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, these data were arranged in a geo-referenced database in the ArcGIS software. The map of distribution of cigarette smoking was drawn by ArcGIS version 9.3.Results The incidence of cigarette smoking in Iran has been estimated as 10.82%. More than 20% of Iranian men currently smoke tobacco on a daily basis and this percentage among Iranian women is 1.02%. The average start age of smoking is at the age of 20.13 years. The average smoking years was 13.82 years. Cigarette smoking in many provinces, such as Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil, as well as Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, were higher than the national average. Conclusion People in the provinces of Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil, as well as Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, are more exposed to the danger of cigarette smoking than the people in the other provinces.
Shahram Mohammadkhani; Hasan Rezaee Jamaloee
Volume 23, Issue 2 , March and April 2016, , Pages 262-280
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Considering the prevalence of cigarette and hookah smoking among adolescents and the need to identify the components and dimensions of such behaviors, this study was conducted to determine the predictors of smoking cigarette and hookah among students due to designing appropriate ...
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Background & Objectives: Considering the prevalence of cigarette and hookah smoking among adolescents and the need to identify the components and dimensions of such behaviors, this study was conducted to determine the predictors of smoking cigarette and hookah among students due to designing appropriate and effective interventions. Materials and Methods: Using a cluster random sampling method, 201 male students were selected from highschool in Najaf Abad city, Isfahan. The selected students were evaluated by the revised risk and protective factors of drug use questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results of correlation coefficient showed that there was significant positive correlation between cigarette smokings in the lifetime and all 12 components risk profile. Also, drug use and hookah smoking in the lifetime were related with hopelessness, social skills, sensation seeking, parental attitudes to drug use, monitoring, family and sense of commitment to school. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that components of attitudes to drug use, parental attitudes to drug use and impulsivity predictive variance explain the 55 percent of cigarette smoking. Also, attitudes toward drug use and sensation seeking pridicted 19 percent of variance of the hookah smoking, and attitudes toward drug use, social skills, family conflict and parental attitudes to drug use pridicted 17 percent of variance of tend to cigarette smoking and, finally, attitudes toward drug use, family monitoring and chaotic social environment pridicted 19 percent of variance of tend to hookah smoking. Conclusion: According to the results, one can say that the prevalence of hookah and cigarette smoking in adolescents are increasing and the starting age is decreasing. The hookah and cigarette smoking by adolescents is a multi-factor and multi-level phenomenon, and the major factors for their determining exist at multiple levels of individual, social and family, which should be considered for intervention, prevention, an control of cigarette and hookah.