Mahta Mazaheri Naeeni; Tayebeh Rabbani
Volume 24, Issue 1 , March and April 2017, , Pages 9-15
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world that is affected by various genetics, epigenetic and many other environmental factors. Estrogen is one of the risk factors for this cancer. This factor lead to genetic alterations and the beginning and promotion ...
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Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world that is affected by various genetics, epigenetic and many other environmental factors. Estrogen is one of the risk factors for this cancer. This factor lead to genetic alterations and the beginning and promotion of breast cancer. Materials & Methods: In this review, we provide information using databases of NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Ovid MEDLINE, about the molecular basis of breast cancer, the effect of estrogen hormone, and estrogen receptors on cancer incidence, the use of anti-estrogens such as Tamoxifen in treatment of breast cancer and mechanisms of resistant to these drugs. Result: Anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen play an important role in treatment of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancers by preventing estrogen binding to its receptors in these tumors. Finding the molecular basis of breast cancer will help us to achieve effective treatment for breast cancer. Conclusion: Increased estrogen and estrogen receptor highly influence the incidence of breast cancer. Tamoxifen is standard adjuvant therapy for women with ER-positive [+], but there is some intrinsic or acquired resistance to endocrine treatment that require further investigations.
Hadi Tavakkoli Kazeroni; Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini; Mehrdad Shariati
Volume 21, Issue 3 , July and August 2014, , Pages 514-521
Abstract
Background: Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) has industrial and medical applications and is used in the treatment of several diseases. Infertility is a medical important issue that its treatment with chemical medicines has various side effects. Due to fewer side effects of herbal medicines, yet little research ...
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Background: Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) has industrial and medical applications and is used in the treatment of several diseases. Infertility is a medical important issue that its treatment with chemical medicines has various side effects. Due to fewer side effects of herbal medicines, yet little research has been done on the hops. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of hops extract on sexual hormone levels and sexual dynastic cells in Syrian adult male mice.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 40 Syrian adult male mice that were divided into 5 groups of 8: two controls groups and three experimental groups receiving various doses of hops extract (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). Administrations were done by gavage for 35 days. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were taken from the heart of animals and testosterone, estrogen and progesterone levels was measured. Also, after isolation of mouse testis, the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatid were counted. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests.
Results: The results showed that hop caused a significant increase in estrogen and testosterone levels and spermatogonia and spermatocytes cells number; but has no effect on progesterone levels.
Conclusion: Hops extract, possibly by having phytoestrogen compounds and by stimulating LH secretion, increases estrogen and testosterone levels, and spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatid cells number. Therefore, further investigation on hops can utilize to help infertile men.