Health and environment
atefeh dehnabi; ahmad Allahabadi; MohammadHossein Saghi; Forough Riahimanesh
Volume 29, Issue 4 , September and October 2022, , Pages 531-548
Abstract
Introduction: Today, heavy metals and organic compounds such as dyes are among the most dangerous pollutants that have entered surface and groundwater and threaten human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of reactive orange 3R dye and chromium by adsorption separately and simultaneously ...
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Introduction: Today, heavy metals and organic compounds such as dyes are among the most dangerous pollutants that have entered surface and groundwater and threaten human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of reactive orange 3R dye and chromium by adsorption separately and simultaneously activated carbon.
Materials and Methods: In this study, Sycamore carbon modified with NH4Cl was used to remove contaminants. Effect of variables such as pH (2-9), adsorbent concentration (0.5-1-0 g/L), pollutant concentration (10-50 mg/L) and contact time (2-40 minutes) on dye and chromium removal (simultaneously and separately) were calculated. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models and kinetics were also investigated.
Results: The results of this study showed that activated carbon at pH = 4, 0.4 g/L adsorbent at 15 min contact time has the best removal conditions for both paint and chromium contaminants. Under optimal conditions, activated carbon was able to remove 72% of chromium and 84% of dye separately and 59% of chromium and 67% of dye simultaneously in solution at a concentration of 25 mg/L. The study of adsorption isotherms also showed that the experiments were more consistent with the Freundlich model.The absorption kinetics follows Pseudo-second order equations.
Conclusion: According to the results, this adsorbent has a good performance in separate and simultaneous removal of paint and chromium and can be used to treat wastewater containing organic and inorganic contaminants.
Health and environment
Mousa Aminivafa; Ahmad Allahabadi; Golamreza Moussavi; Hosein Fahimi
Volume 28, Issue 6 , January and February 2022, , Pages 838-849
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Antibiotics, comprising a significant amount of pharmaceutical compounds, are used as human and veterinary treatments . these antibiotics come to appear as contaminantoin soil, surface water, groundwater, and even drinkingwater.Advanced oxidation processes such as catalytic ...
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Background and Objectives: Antibiotics, comprising a significant amount of pharmaceutical compounds, are used as human and veterinary treatments . these antibiotics come to appear as contaminantoin soil, surface water, groundwater, and even drinkingwater.Advanced oxidation processes such as catalytic ozonation are effective to remove the antibiotics form water and wastewaterThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of Catalytic Ozonation Process for tetracycline antibiotics removal from contaminated watersMaterial and method:In this design, an ozonation pilot with a volume of 200 cc was used. In each experiment, the tetracycline solution was poured into the desired concentration, the pH of the sample was adjusted with sulfuric acid and NaOH. At different times of 5 to 30 minutes and different pHs of 2 to 10 ozonation was performed at the dose of 0.8 mg/min. Then, under these conditions, ozonation was performed in the presence of activated carbon catalyst and a sample was discharged from the pilot and analyzed (HPLC) to determine the remaining tetracycline.Results:The results showed that under optimum conditions of pH= 8 and ozone dose of 0.8 mg / min and contact time of 30 minutes ozonation only eliminated 59% of tetracycline and in the same conditions catalytic ozonation with 0.01 g/L carbon. The Calligonum comosum tree was able to remove 100% tetracycline in 30 minutes.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that carbon catalyzed ozonation from wood Calligonum comosum waste can be used as an advanced treatment method.
Mahnaz tora bi hokmabadi; Ahmad Allahabadi; Gholamreza Moussavi
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September and October 2019, , Pages 273-283
Abstract
Herbicides, including atrazine, are among the most important newly discovered contaminants found in water bodies and are hazardous to human health and the environment. adsorption is one of the best techniques used to remove these contaminants from contaminated water. Materials and method: In this ...
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Herbicides, including atrazine, are among the most important newly discovered contaminants found in water bodies and are hazardous to human health and the environment. adsorption is one of the best techniques used to remove these contaminants from contaminated water. Materials and method: In this study, two carbon from waste Pomegranate and calligonum Comosum were used to remove atrazine herbicide. After chemical activation these carbons with NH4Cl, and then 800 ° C for 2 hours, parametric tests were performed and the effect of pH, adsorbent concentration, atrazine concentration and contact time were investigated; then absorption equilibrium tests; absorption capacity and its isotherms investigated for the removal of atrazine by two carbons were calculated. Results: The results showed that the carbon produced from the calligonum Comosum wood in optimal conditions at pH =7; carbon concentration 0.2 g/L, and the mixing time of 50 minutes could remove 100% atrazine at 25 mg/L . The carbon produced from pomegranate in optimal conditions pH =6; carbon concentration of 0.2 g/L and mixing time of 50 minutes could remove 91.5% atrazine to 25 mg/ L. Absorption equilibrium tests showed that the absorption capacity of carbon Calligonum Comosum and pomegranate were 672 and 645mg/g respectively. Discussion The results of this study showed that both carbons have high absorption capacity in the removal of atrazine herbicide and can be an effective and economical absorbent for the removal of this contaminant from natural waters.
Health and environment
Akram Eskandariyan; Sahar Sadat Azad; Abolfazl Rahmani Sani; Ayoob Rastegar; Ahmad Alahabadi
Volume 24, Issue 3 , July and August 2017, , Pages 183-189
Abstract
Background& Objectives: Antibiotics are a group of synthetic organic materials that are not removable by biological treatment process and need to be treated by advanced process like surface absorption. Since activated carbon is one of the best choices for using as adsorbent, this project was aimed ...
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Background& Objectives: Antibiotics are a group of synthetic organic materials that are not removable by biological treatment process and need to be treated by advanced process like surface absorption. Since activated carbon is one of the best choices for using as adsorbent, this project was aimed on the removal of amoxicillin antibiotic from aquatics solutions by a novel modified activated carbon.
Materials & Method: The present study was an experimental study which was conducted by using batch wise method. Erlenmeyers with 100 mL volume containing 50 mL of amoxicillin with a known concentration and amount of adsorbent were shacked at different pHs, contact times and temperatures. The samples were filtered by vacuumed pump using 0.04 acetate cellulous filter and the residual of amoxicillin was determined by UV spectrophotometer at 228 nm using quarts cell.
Results: The results obtained from experimental data was shown that the best efficiency of amoxicillin removal from aquatic solution by the new activated carbon takes places at pH= 6, adsorbent dose of 0.06 g/L and 20 min contact time. In this project the used activated carbon efficiency was 75.5%, in antibiotic concentration of 50 mg/L. Isotherm studies were shown that the amoxicillin absorption can be explained by both Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the degree of reaction obtained from kinetic studies was of second order.
.Conclusion: With regard to acceptable worth capacity of the new activated carbon, it was suitable to replace standard Merck carbon for water and wastewater treatment.
Fatemeh Rezaei; Seyed Gholamreza Moussavi; Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari; Yadollah Yamini
Abstract
Objectives Type of adsorbent is the most important parameter to adsorb volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the air stream. Application of a selective adsorbent could lead to the higher efficiency and lower costs in the adsorption processes. The current study aimed at investigating the efficiency of ...
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Objectives Type of adsorbent is the most important parameter to adsorb volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the air stream. Application of a selective adsorbent could lead to the higher efficiency and lower costs in the adsorption processes. The current study aimed at investigating the efficiency of manganese oxide impregnated on GAC support (MnO/GAC) to remove toluene from air stream. The efficiency of MnO/GAC and GAC absorbents for toluene removal were compared at the same experimental conditions.Methods The MnO/GAC preparation method was Sol-gel. Retention time (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 seconds), inlet toluene concentration (100, 200, 300, and 400 part per million, by volume) and the temperature of the air stream (25, 50, 75, and 100˚C) were examined as the main functional parameters in the adsorption process.Results Breakthrough time of MnO/GAC adsorbent in comparison to that of the plain GAC increased 6% to 11% at the retention time of 0.5 to 4 seconds. Adsorption capacity of GAC and MnO/GAC increased 67.9% and 61.1% by increasing inlet toluene concentration from 100 to 400 ppmv, respectively. Breakthrough time of GAC and MnO/GAC decreased 57.9% and 59.6% by increasing inlet toluene concentration from 100 to 400 ppmv, respectively. Breakthrough time of GAC decreased from 41 to 26 hours by increasing the temperature of the air stream from 25˚C to 100˚C. Direct air temperature increase affected the MnO/GAC efficiency for toluene adsorption and the breakthrough time increased from 46 to 57 hours.Conclusion Results of the current study showed that MnO/GAC could be applied as a good substitution for GAC in the adsorption of VOCs from air streams.
Gholamreza Moussavi; Ahamd Allahabadi; Milad Ganbary; Morteza Dab; Fahimeh Mircholi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 652-661
Abstract
Background Malathion is a pesticide with the highest consumption in phosphoric pesticides. This pesticide has acute and chronic effects. Therefore, for the protection of the water and human health against the harmful effects of these compounds, they must be removed by appropriate treatment of wastewater ...
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Background Malathion is a pesticide with the highest consumption in phosphoric pesticides. This pesticide has acute and chronic effects. Therefore, for the protection of the water and human health against the harmful effects of these compounds, they must be removed by appropriate treatment of wastewater and water resources. Among the treatment methods, the ozonation process has drawn more attention; one of the best options of ozonation process is the catalytic ozonation process (COP)with activated carbon.Materials & Methods In this study, at first the synthetic wastewater was prepared at the mentioned concentration with pure malathion. Then, removal malathion experiments in a cylindrical pilot with a total volume of 200 mL were performed by single ozonation and catalytic ozonation process with use of NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) obtained from of agricultural waste. Study variables included pH, contact time, the concentration of ozone, and the concentration of catalyst. In all conditions, the sole catalytic ozonation adsorption and catalystic synergistic effects were evaluated.Results The results showed that the removal efficiency of ozone in alkaline pH is higher. Also, in 200 mL samples containing 50 mg/L malathion and 0.1 g/L concentration of catalyst in carbon NAC, in the COP test for 50 minutes, the malathion removal performance was 62.9% in ozonation; 100% in catalytic ozonation, 22% in adsorbtion only, and 15.1% in the synergism effect. It showed the high removal efficiency of COP/NAC.
Mehdi Baghayeri; Behrooz Maleki; Ahmad Alahabadi; Forough Reyahi Manesh; Amirhassan Amiri
Volume 23, Issue 3 , July and August 2016, , Pages 458-467
Abstract
Backround Pharmaceutical resources are becoming increasingly problematic contaminants of water resources, particularly in surface and groundwater sources located around industrial and residential communities. They enter water sources mostly through discharges from pharmaceutical industries and municipal ...
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Backround Pharmaceutical resources are becoming increasingly problematic contaminants of water resources, particularly in surface and groundwater sources located around industrial and residential communities. They enter water sources mostly through discharges from pharmaceutical industries and municipal wastewater. Consumption of water contaminated with pharmaceutical discharges can have several harmful effects like acute and chronic toxicity in humans. Another critical concern regarding pharmaceutical discharges in water sources is the development of bacterial resistance to medicinal treatment of bacterial infections.Materials & Methods The activated carbon was purchased from Merck Co. A stock solution of 1000 mg/L of entacapone was prepared by dissolving 1.0 g entacapone in 1 L distilled water. In this study, two types of contaminated water (aqueous solution and contaminated real water) were prepared and examined. The aqueous solution was made from mixing aliquots of entacapone stock solution with distilled water. To determine the remaining entacapone in the samples, they were analyzed by a Hach UV-VIS spectrophotometer (DR5000).Results This study showed that activated carbon could be functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles and such magnetic-activated carbon could be used as adsorbents for the removal of entacapone from water samples. The results showed that contact time, sample pH, concentration of entacapone, and concentration of the adsorbent were effective on the removal process. The equilibrium results showed the best fit with Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 357.1 mg/g.Conclusion We described here the preparation of magnetic-activated carbons in one reaction step, and the prepared carbon was used as the adsorbents to remove entacapone from water samples rapidly and effectively. The magnetic nanoparticles can be well immobilized on activated carbons and easily separated from the solution using an external magnet. The results revealed that magnetic-activated carbons could be used as the potential adsorbents for removing entacapone from environmental water.
Mahnaz Torabi-Hokmabadi; Ahamd Alahabadi; Abolfazl Rahmani-Sani; Somayyeh Zarei-Tazarghi; Hamidreza Karimi-Sani; Mohamadreza Behrozikhah
Volume 23, Issue 3 , July and August 2016, , Pages 504-515
Abstract
Background Painkillers such as diclofenac are widely used in human medicine and veterinary medicine. Because of their excretion into water resources and subsequent environmental hazards, their removal from the waters and wastewaters is essential. Since, these drugs cannot undergo biodegradation, an advanced ...
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Background Painkillers such as diclofenac are widely used in human medicine and veterinary medicine. Because of their excretion into water resources and subsequent environmental hazards, their removal from the waters and wastewaters is essential. Since, these drugs cannot undergo biodegradation, an advanced treatment such as adsorption method must be applied for their removal and one of the best adsorbents in this regard is activated carbon. This study aimed to investigate the removal of diclofenac contaminant by NH4Cl-induced activated carbon.Materials & Methods Activated carbon produced from agricultural wastes was impregnated with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and activated at 800°C. The experiments were conducted in a closed system using a magnet stirrer at 100 rpm. In this investigation, the effects of several variables, namely adsorbent concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature, on the removal of diclofenac were evaluated. Then, isotherms and adsorption thermodynamic were explored. We used DR 5000 spectrophotometer model for drug analysis with the wavelength of 275 nm.Results The produced NAC (NH4Cl-induced activated carbon), having the special surface of 1029 m2/g and pores volume of 2.46 nm, was able to remove 0.81% of diclofenac from a solution of 50 mg/L at the sorbent concentration of 0.8 mg/L, pH 6, in 20 minutes time. The equilibrium adsorption experiments showed that the absorption of diclofenac on NAC followed the Longmuir model and the absorption capacity was 212.5 mg/g. Using the diclofenac concentration of 50 mg/L and other optimal conditions, thermodynamic studies of diclofenac absorption on NAC showed that the amount of drug removal increased from 73% to 95% with increasing temperature from 10°C to 40°C. Conclusion NAC can be used as a convenient and inexpensive adsorbent for the removal of diclofenac and other drug compounds from polluted waters and wastewaters.
Samaneh Ghodrati; Seyyed Gholamreza Mosavi; ahmad Allahabadi
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 270-281
Abstract
Background: Removal of humic acids during water treatment is important because it can react readily with chlorine and produce carcinogen compounds. In this study, performance, kinetic and isotherm of humic acid (HA) adsorption onto NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) has been investigated and compared ...
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Background: Removal of humic acids during water treatment is important because it can react readily with chlorine and produce carcinogen compounds. In this study, performance, kinetic and isotherm of humic acid (HA) adsorption onto NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) has been investigated and compared to the standard activated carbon (SAC).
Materials and Methods: NAC and SAC were used as the adsorbent in the present work and adsorption experiments were performed in batch mode. Adsorption of humic acid (HA) on SAC and NAC as a function of solution initial pH (2-10), adsorbent dosage (0.1-0.4 g/L), contact time (5-70 min), and adsorbate concentration (5-20 mg/L) was investigated.
Results: NAC exhibited higher HA adsorption capacity than that of SAC and HA adsorption capacities for both decreased with increasing solution initial pH in range of 2 to 10. The HA removal efficiencies of SAC and NAC were found to increase with increasing the adsorbent dosage. The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by pseudo-second-order equation. The mechanisms of the adsorption of HA on SAC and NAC at pH 7 may include electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding. The adsorption isotherm data showed that adsorption behavior of HA well fitted by Langmuir adsorption isotherm for both NAC and SAC. The maximum adsorption capacity was 93.45 and 67.57 mg/g for NAC and SAC, respectively.
Conclusion: The results revealed that NAC has significantly removed HA from aqueous solutions compared to SAC and even many other adsorbents. Thus NAC as a cheap and more appropriate adsorbent can be used for removal of humic substances from polluted waters.
Ayyob Rastegar; Zahra Rezaee Gezal Abad; Ahmad Allahabadi; Abolfazl Rahmani Sani; RamezanAli Khamirchi
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1090-1102
Abstract
Background: Aniline is an important chemical compound which has wide applications in several industries such as dyestuffs, rubbers, pesticides and plastics. It is highly toxic and has injurious influences on human physical conditions and aquatic life. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate ...
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Background: Aniline is an important chemical compound which has wide applications in several industries such as dyestuffs, rubbers, pesticides and plastics. It is highly toxic and has injurious influences on human physical conditions and aquatic life. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) and standard activated carbon (SAC) in aniline removal from aqueous solutions were investigated. Material & method: This study is of experimental–intervention type. An UV-Visible spectrophotometer (CECIL CE7400) used For determination of remaining aniline concentrations. The effect of various parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and initial aniline concentration were studied for optimization.
Results: The results showed that the prepared NAC had a higher absorption capacity than standard activated one. The maximum adsorption capacity of aniline onto SAC and NAC was 1666 and 1000 mg/g, respectively, and the rate removal was dependended to pH, contact time, aniline concentration and absorption type. Results of equilibrium experiments indicated that the adsorption process of aniline onto SAC and NAC follows Langmuir model (R 2> 0.99.47 and 0.99,776 ). Also, kinetics of adsorption process follows pseudo second-order model with correlation R2> 0.99.97 and 0.99,30 respectively for SAC and NAC.
Conclusion: These consequences show that the developed NAC was a more competent adsorbent than SAS for removal aniline in water.
Kamyar Yaghmaiyan; Gholamreza Mousavi; Hamidreza Karimi; Ahmad Allahabadi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January and February 2014, , Pages 573-582
Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are important pollutants of water resources, and because of hard biodegradability, they can be filtered through adsorption method. Activated carbon is one of the best adsorbents. The aim of this study was to investigate the amoxicillin removal rate of a standard granular activated ...
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Background: Antibiotics are important pollutants of water resources, and because of hard biodegradability, they can be filtered through adsorption method. Activated carbon is one of the best adsorbents. The aim of this study was to investigate the amoxicillin removal rate of a standard granular activated carbon.
Materials and methods: The adsorption experiments were conducted in the stirred (100 rpm) glass reactor. In each test, 50 ml of aqueous solution contaminated by amoxicillin was transferred into the reactor, and the influence of adsorbent dose, adsorbent type, amoxicillin concentration, reaction time, solution pH and temperature was tested on the amoxicillin adsorption. At the end of each of adsorption tests, the suspension was filtered using a cellulose acetate filter with 0.45µm pore size and the filtrate was analyzed for residual amoxicillin using HPLC.
Results: The obtained data showed that the best conditions for removal of amoxicillin from contaminated water using granular activated carbon were as follow: pH: 6, adsorbent concentration: 1.6 g/l, reaction time: 60 min, temperature: 25oc. In these conditions up to 86% of amoxicillin (concentration: 50 mg/l) could be adsorb by a granular 16-20 activated carbon.
Conclusion: Adsorption onto activated carbon is an efficient method for the removal of non-degradable water pollutants such as antibiotics and toxins.