Edris Bazrafshan; Khosro Afsari; Nayereh Pormolaee; Mohammadali Forghani; Hamideh Khedengi; Hamideh Kord Mostafapor
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 73-83
Abstract
Introduction: At present time, dental solid waste management continues to be a major challenge, particularly in most healthcare facilities of the developing world such as Iran. In this country, few studies have been conducted on dental solid waste management and its composition. In this study, hazardous ...
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Introduction: At present time, dental solid waste management continues to be a major challenge, particularly in most healthcare facilities of the developing world such as Iran. In this country, few studies have been conducted on dental solid waste management and its composition. In this study, hazardous status of dental solid waste, which has a significant role in cross-infection chain, was studied.
Materials & methods: This work is a descriptive and cross sectional study which was performed during 2013-2014. For this research, 159 publicand private dental centers in Sistan and Baluchestan province were selected and both the composition and generation rate of dental solid waste were measured. Dental solid wastes were categorized to four main categories including domestic type, potentially infectious, chemical and pharmaceutical and toxic wastes and, finally, they were analysed.
Results: The results showed that the percent of potentially infectious, domestic type, chemical and pharmaceutical and toxic wastes were 80.3, 11.7, 6.3 and 1.7%, respectively. Also, the results indicated that the dental solid waste generation rate for total waste, potentially infectious, chemical and pharmaceutical waste, domestic type and toxic waste was 169.9, 153.3, 11.2,8.6 and 3.3 g per patient per day (g/p.d), respectively. Additionally, the generation rate of dental solid waste for total waste, domestic type, potentially infectious, chemical and pharmaceutical and toxic waste was 194.5, 22.6, 156.1, 12.3 and 3.4 kg/day, respectively.
Discussion: For the best management of dental solid waste, it is suggested that source reduction, separation, reuse and recycling programs be implemented and each section of dental waste be collected and disposed separately, in agreement with related standards.
SM TAVANGAR; MB ARDESHIR LARIJANI; A MAHTA; V HAGHPANAH; A LASHKARI; R HESHMAT
Volume 13, Issue 2 , July and August 2006, , Pages 99-104
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Pituitary adenomas without clinically active hypertension are termed as non-functioning adenoma (NFPA). These tumors represent about one quarter of all pituitary tumors. Immunohistochemical methods are the gold standard methods of identifying them. The Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen ...
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Background and Purpose: Pituitary adenomas without clinically active hypertension are termed as non-functioning adenoma (NFPA). These tumors represent about one quarter of all pituitary tumors. Immunohistochemical methods are the gold standard methods of identifying them. The Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody MIB-1, whose labeling index (LI) is considered as a marker of normal and abnormal cell proliferation.
Methods and Materials: In this clinicopathological study, 85 cases of NFPAs were analyzed immunohistochemically.
Results: MIB-1 LI was measured in all surgical specimens, which was higher than 5% only in 5 cases. Also, 18 cases were immunoactive to one or two adenohypophysial hormones.
Conclusion: NFPAs comprise several pathologically different types of tumors, some of which are potentially hormone producing tumors. However, probable defects in hormone secretion may be the cause of not increasing the adenohypophysial hormone levels in the serum and consequent syndromes.
N KHADEM; M KORDI; N BAGHDARI; MT SHAKERI
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January and February 2006, , Pages 20-27
Abstract
Background and purpose: Fetal movement count and non-stress test are simple and non-invasive techniques used as first steps in the assessment of the fetal well-being. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal count of fetal movements and non-stress test.
Methods ...
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Background and purpose: Fetal movement count and non-stress test are simple and non-invasive techniques used as first steps in the assessment of the fetal well-being. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal count of fetal movements and non-stress test.
Methods and materials: This descriptive correlational study was carried out at the Gynecology and Obstetrics ward of the Imamreza Hospital in Mashad, Iran. The sample included 410 non-stress tests and fetal movement counts (205 tests from each group) from 101 high risk mothers in their third trimester. Mothers recorded the fetal movements 30 minutes after breakfast. Active fetus was supposed to have at least 10 movements in 12 hours; otherwise, it was assumed to be inactive. Non-stress test was done at 9:00 pm every night. Biophysical profile was taken whenever the fetus came out to be inactive or non-reactive by either test; then, the results of either test were compared with biophysical profile.
Results: In 86.3% of the recordings, the fetuses were active. Non-stress tests were reactive in 78% and non-reactive in 19%. Reactive non-stress tests were observed in 88% of the active and 114.3% of the inactive fetuses. 85.7% of the inactive fetuses had non-reactive non-stress tests (p=0.0001). A significant relationship was found to exist between the results of maternal count of fetal movements and non-stress test (p=0.0001). Also, a significant relationship existed between the time required to feel 10 movements and non-stress test (p=0.0005). The sensitivity, specificity and the negative predictive value of the test of fetal movements count were 15%, 85% and 93% respectively; corresponding figures for the non-stress test were 93%, 76% and 98% respectively.
Conclusion: In many cases where maternal report was inactive fetus, the result of the non-stress test was reactive. However, the test of fetal movements count is of acceptable specificity and negative predictive value.