Microbiology
Hamidreza Baghani Aval; Mehran Ekrami Toroghi; Faezeh Haghighi; Yaser Tabarraie
Volume 25, Issue 5 , November and December 2018, , Pages 687-693
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious diseases and increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacteria is a major problem around the world in treatment of urinary infections. This study was conducted to identify causative agents of urinary tract infection and to determine ...
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Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious diseases and increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacteria is a major problem around the world in treatment of urinary infections. This study was conducted to identify causative agents of urinary tract infection and to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics in hospitalized and out patients referred to the Vase’ee Hospital in Sabzevar.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 256 individuals hospitalized and out patients older than eighteen age in the Sabzevar Vase’ee hospital. Identification of bacteria was performed using biochemical tests and their susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. The data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test with percentage error 5%.Results: Of 256 patients, 59.7 % and 40.3% were female and male, respectively. The most frequently isolated pathogen were Escherichia coli (50.8%), Klebsiella (17.6%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (15/62%), Enterobacter (7.8%). E. coli as most common pathogen of urinary tract infections showed the most resistance to ampicillin and the least resistance to Imipenem indicated. In total, regardless of the type of bacteria, the highest resistance was against amoxicillin and the lowest resistance was against Imipenem.Conclusion: Considering the frequency of urinary tract infections and in order to prevent serious complication, a survey of regional resistance pattern and timely treatment can control development of resistant bacteria.
Health and environment
Seyed Ali Mazhari; Faezeh Haghighi
Volume 24, Issue 4 , July and August 2017, , Pages 281-291
Abstract
Background: Agricultural soils irrigation by urban sewage is a key factor to increase soil pollution and environmental risks. Heavy metals are one of the most important sewage pollutants which may produce different diseases.
Methods: The specified locations were selected for surface soil sampling to ...
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Background: Agricultural soils irrigation by urban sewage is a key factor to increase soil pollution and environmental risks. Heavy metals are one of the most important sewage pollutants which may produce different diseases.
Methods: The specified locations were selected for surface soil sampling to investigate the effect of sewage irrigation on the soil and vegetation (parsley) composition in the south of Sabzevar area. The heavy metals concentration and trace elements composition of whole samples were determined by ICP-MS. The heavy metals bioavailability was measures by DTPA method. The heavy metals concentration in DTPA extracted solution and parsley samples were defined by FAAS method.
Results: Ni and Cr concentrations in the non-polluted soils are more than standard limits. These high concentrations have been generated by enriched parental materials. In addition to Ni and Cr, polluted soils have potential environmental risk because of high concentration of Ag, Cd, Co and Zn. The DTPA results showed that non-polluted soils, unlike polluted soils, have low bioavailability. The vegetables cultivated on the polluted soils have several times higher heavy metal concentrations than non-polluted samples. These vegetations show higher Cr bioavailable value than FAO/WHO standard.
Conclusion: Heavy metal concentration has been increased by long time sewage irrigation in the southern Sabzevar soils. These heavy metals are environmentally harmful. Nickel content of vegetables cultivated on polluted soils have high HRI (>1) index which indicates high health risk for consumers.