Javad Mirnajafi-zade; Ali Gorji; Yaghoob Fathollahi; Mahyar Janahmadi; Parviz shahabi; Hadi Kazemi
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, Pages 148-157
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Spreading depression (SD) is a neuronal-glyal depolarization، with a possible role in different neurological disorders including epilepsy and migraine aura. Initiation and propagation of SD modulate excitability of neuronal network. The aim of the present study was to investigate ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Spreading depression (SD) is a neuronal-glyal depolarization، with a possible role in different neurological disorders including epilepsy and migraine aura. Initiation and propagation of SD modulate excitability of neuronal network. The aim of the present study was to investigate electrophysiological characteristics of neurons of the lateral amygdala in the late phase of excitability during SD. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، 6 male rats were used. We used horizontal amygdala-hippocampus-neocortex slice in which SD was induced by KCl application in each brain structure. After superfusion of these slices with GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (1.25 µmol/L) for 45 min، initiation of SD evoked ictal epileptic activity in all tested slices. The induction of SD in the lateral amygdala resulted in presence of interictal and ictal epileptiform field potentials and intracellular paroxysmal shift (PDS). For data analysis، paired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used in Sigma Stat 3 software. Results: The results demonstrated that SD moved the resting membrane potential (before -60.3±0.5 and after -52.8±0.78) towards depolarization after inducing the spreading depression in lateral Amygdale (P
Reza Kheirandish; Vahid Sardar Mehni; Amin Reza Salari; Omid Azari
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, Pages 158-165
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Mummy is the semi-solid material extracted from mountains in the south of Kerman province. It is used in traditional medicine as a remedy for inflammation، articular injuries، rheumatism، bone fracture، wound and back pain. In the present study، histopathological and geometrical ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Mummy is the semi-solid material extracted from mountains in the south of Kerman province. It is used in traditional medicine as a remedy for inflammation، articular injuries، rheumatism، bone fracture، wound and back pain. In the present study، histopathological and geometrical aspects of topical effects of the mummy on rabbit cutaneous wound healing were investigated. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 5 white healthy rabbits. Six full thickness cutaneous wounds were created on the both sides of the vertebral column of each rabbit. Right side wounds were considered as control and the left side ones as cases (to use mummy). The cranial wounds (rectangular، 2.5×2.5 cm) were considered for geometrical evaluation and the middle and caudal wounds (made by 10mm punch) were considered for histopathological study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 using repeated measurement، analysis of variance and student t-test. P≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results from the microscopic evaluation were compared as description of the group values. Results: The geometrical evaluation over a 4-week period demonstrated that wound healing percentage in the treatment group (100%) was significantly higher than the control group (94.5%±0.91) (P
Saeed Asgari; Farid Zareiy; Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban; Mehdi Safari
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, Pages 166-171
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Microbial، physical and chemical irritants may lead to dental pulp inflammation. For irreversible pulpitis، root canal therapy is the only option. In these situations، vital pulp therapy is usually uncomplicated and inexpensive. The main aim of the present study was comparing ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Microbial، physical and chemical irritants may lead to dental pulp inflammation. For irreversible pulpitis، root canal therapy is the only option. In these situations، vital pulp therapy is usually uncomplicated and inexpensive. The main aim of the present study was comparing three different treatments of dental pulp inflammation، including root canal therapy and pulpotomy. Since there were missing data in the 6 and 12 months follow-ups، the missing mechanism was considered in data analysis process. Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial، 615 patients were randomly allocated into three arms: RCT (n=203)، pulpotomy with CEM cement (n=205)، and with MTA (n=207). The presence of periapical lesion in the baseline، 6th and 12th month was assessed radiographically. After evaluating the mechanism of the missing data، weighted generalized estimating equations (WGEE) methodology was utilized for the analysis of data. To do this، the SAS software، version 9.1 was used. Results: The success rate of pulpotomy with MTA in 6 and 12 months follow-up was 96% and 95%، respectively. These rates were 92% and 93% for pulpotomy with CEM. Additionally، the success rate of root canal therapy was 78% and 82% in the above mentioned follow-up periods respectively، which indicate the significant superiority of pulpotomy with MTA and CEM over RCT (P
Seyyed Ali Naji; Sayna Bahraini; Reza Mannani; Reza Bekhradi
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, Pages 172-178
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Fatigue is one of the most common signs in Multiple Sclerosis، affecting the quality of life. Regarding the higher cost of drug therapies and their numerous side effects، the use of complementary and alternative medicines for these patients is on the rise. The present study ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Fatigue is one of the most common signs in Multiple Sclerosis، affecting the quality of life. Regarding the higher cost of drug therapies and their numerous side effects، the use of complementary and alternative medicines for these patients is on the rise. The present study aimed to determine the effect of aromatherapy massage on fatigue severity in women with Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan، Iran. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 36 women with Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan، Iran. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling، and each received a 20-minute Effleurage massage 3 times a week، for 4 consecutive weeks. Data analysis was done in SPSS 16 using paired t-test، Student t-test and ANOVA. Results: The mean score of fatigue severity before intervention was 49، which turned to be 29.37 after intervention. The statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between fatigue severity scores before and after intervention (p
Saeed Semnanian; Hossein Baharvand; Shiva Khezri; Mohammad Javan
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, Pages 179-187
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Novel strategies of MS try to stimulate endogenous neural stem cells for demyelination repair. Increased levels of cAMP potentiate the repair mechanisms in CNS by activating PKA or independently. In the present study، we investigated the effect of dbcAMP on neural stem cells ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Novel strategies of MS try to stimulate endogenous neural stem cells for demyelination repair. Increased levels of cAMP potentiate the repair mechanisms in CNS by activating PKA or independently. In the present study، we investigated the effect of dbcAMP on neural stem cells migration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. Methods and Materials: Mice were immunized with 300 µg MOG peptide emulsified in complete Freund''s adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin (PT). Control mice received CFA and PT. Groups of EAE- mice received i.p. injections of dbcAMP 10mg/kg from day 9-14 or 9-21. Animals were observed daily for neurological deficit. Nestin expression was used as a marker to detect neural stem cells. The number of Nestin+ cells in SVZ and olfactory bulb (OB) was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. GraphPad Prism Version 5 was used for analyzing the data. For the clinical signs of EAE، the differences between the same days were compared by unpaired t-test. For the number of Nestin+ cells، the statistical differences between the groups were determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test. Results: EAE induction caused clinical signs and paralysis of tail and hind limbs. dbcAMP significantly reduced the incidence and severity of EAE in mice immunized with MOG. Maximum of scores reached 0.66±0.13 for dbcAMP treated mice (2.5±0.2 for EAE mice) on 21 dpi (day post inductin). EAE induction did not change number of nestin+ cells in SVZ but it increased it in OB. With developing of scores on 21dpi، the number of cells decreased (5.66±1.20). dbcAMP injection from 9-21 dpi increased these cells in SVZ. With developing of EAE scores on 21 dpi، the number of these cells in OB increased (19.5±2.04) and has significant differences with the control group. The treatment of EAE induced mice with dbcAMP from 9-21 dpi was assosiated with a significant elevation of Nestin+ cells in OB (40±2.73) (P
Mohammad Reza Hamedinia; Teyyebh Amiri Parsa; Marziyeh Saadat Azarnive; Seyyed Ali Reza Hosseini Kakhk
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, Pages 188-197
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Obesity is associated with various metabolic and inflammatory impairments، the effects of which have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore، the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an 8-week strength training and aerobic training program and a 10-day detraining ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Obesity is associated with various metabolic and inflammatory impairments، the effects of which have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore، the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an 8-week strength training and aerobic training program and a 10-day detraining on lipid profile and CRP in obese girls. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، thirty-six obese female university students were voluntarily recruited and randomly assigned into three groups: control (n=11)، aerobic training or AT (n=12) and strength training or ST (n=13). ST and AT groups trained for 8 weeks، 4 times/week، 60 min/session، with 60 to 70% of 1 repetition maximum for ST، and 65 to 75% of HRmax for AT. Blood samples were taken at baseline، 24 hours after the last exercise session and after 10 days of detraining on fasting state. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using repeated measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). The alpha level was established at P0.05). Also، no significant differences were found between the three groups (P>0.05). TC also decreased in AT and ST groups (9% and 19%، respectively); however، the change was not significant (P>0.05). After training no significant changes in HDL، HDL2، HDL3، LDL، and CRP were observed (P>0.05). Ten days of detraining also did not result in any significant alterations in the lipid profile or CRP (P>0.05). Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic and strength training have no significant effect on the lipid profile and CRP in obese girls.
Abbas Ali Gaeini; Fatemeh Shabkhiz; Ali Samadi; Maryam Khalesi; Fateme Tork
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, Pages 198-205
Abstract
Background and Purpose: It has been suggested that intracellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1)، as a new inflammatory marker، are more precise and sensitive markers in predicting cardiovascular diseases، compared with traditional predictive markers. The purpose of this investigation was to study the ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: It has been suggested that intracellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1)، as a new inflammatory marker، are more precise and sensitive markers in predicting cardiovascular diseases، compared with traditional predictive markers. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of discontinuous endurance exercise on sICAM-1 and lipid profile (LDL-C، HDL-C، TG، and TC) of non-athletic male students and to survey the correlation between changes of these variables. Material and methods: This experimental study involved twenty non-athletic male students who signed the written informed consent، and were randomly assigned into experimental (n=12) and control (n=8) groups. The exercise protocol was a graded program، to be performed for 8 weeks three times per week with specific intensity and duration. Blood samples were taken before the first session and after the last session، with 14 hours fasting. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using independent and dependent t-test، and Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the correlation of the variables. Level of statistical significance was set at α>0.05. Results: Eight weeks of discontinuous endurance exercise caused 14% decline in sICAM-1 (p=0.0001)، 6% in TC (p=0.001)، 10% in LDL-C (p=0.0001)، 40% in TG (p=0.0001) and 23% increase in HDL-C (p=0.001) in the experimental group. However، there were no significant correlation between sICAM-1 alteration and changes of traditional predictors of cardiovascular diseases (LDL-C، HDL-C، TG، and TC) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Eight weeks of discontinuous endurance exercise may reduce sICAM-1 and improve the lipid profile. These changes can play effective roles in the prevention، control and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Hamid Alavimajd; Abdollah Khorrami Markani; Mohammad Khodayarifard; Farideh Yaghmai
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, Pages 206-216
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Spiritual wellbeing as one of the effective factors on human health outcomes has been increasingly considered in recent years. Based on the literature، nurses'' spiritual wellbeing influences their spiritual care. Therefore، this qualitative study aims to explain spiritual wellbeing ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Spiritual wellbeing as one of the effective factors on human health outcomes has been increasingly considered in recent years. Based on the literature، nurses'' spiritual wellbeing influences their spiritual care. Therefore، this qualitative study aims to explain spiritual wellbeing from the perspective of oncology nurses. Methods and Materials: This qualitative phenomenological study involved 24 oncology nurses as participants from 12 hospitals affiliated to medical universities of Iran، Tehran، and Shahid Beheshti in Tehran، Iran. Data were collected through 20 semi-structured interviews and 2 focus group sessions with efficient age and sex diversity، and were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: In the final step of analysis، 11 themes or main categories emerged: religious belief، Quran and the Hereafter، belief in God، Prophets and Imams، understanding of principles and philosophy of creation، searching for God، whole health، scientific and altruistic nursing، sense of life satisfaction، reaching transcendence، meaning and purpose in life، and inner energy resources. Conclusion: Oncology nurses experienced the spiritual wellbeing as belief in God and the Holy Quran، understanding the mystery of creation and searching for God (religious wellbeing) and attaining health، knowledgeable nursing، life and job satisfaction and finding the meaning and purpose of life (existential wellbeing).
Zohreh Daneshvarpoor; Lotfollah Karimi; Mohsen Ahmadi
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, Pages 217-223
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The relationship between the quality of attachment and psychological injuries include a wide range of psychological research. The aim of this study was to compare the attachment styles in normal students and those with high depressive symptoms. Materials and methods: This case-control ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: The relationship between the quality of attachment and psychological injuries include a wide range of psychological research. The aim of this study was to compare the attachment styles in normal students and those with high depressive symptoms. Materials and methods: This case-control research involved the population of female university students at the Teacher Training University of Tehran during the education year 2010-2011. The sample included 82 students (41 depressed and 41 normal). The instruments were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)، clinical interview and Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read، 1990). To analyze the data the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used in SPSS 16. Results: Mean scores of the depressed and non-depressed students in three attachment styles (secure، avoidance insecure and ambivalent insecure) were 55.44±4.33، 12.59±2.55، 13.13±2.77، 18.69±4.23، 13.35±3.01 and 88.44±1.67 respectively. The mean score of depressed insecure ambivalent style was higher than that of the non-depressed group (F=5.59، P
Kazem Maskani; Arash Akaberi; Fatemeh Shahabipoor; Mohammad Ali Yaghoobifar
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, Pages 224-232
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Undue admission and staying in hospitals are considered as a weakness of health and treatment systems as well as criteria of performance evaluation، used for determining the efficacy of hospital beds even in developed countries. In addition to increasing the costs، undue staying ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Undue admission and staying in hospitals are considered as a weakness of health and treatment systems as well as criteria of performance evaluation، used for determining the efficacy of hospital beds even in developed countries. In addition to increasing the costs، undue staying exposes the patient into nasocomial infections. Therefore، the present study was designed to investigate the rate of undue admission and staying of patients in hospitals of Sabzevar، Iran in 2009 based on the criteria of appropriateness evaluation protocol. Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical research involving the population of patients admitted to hospitals in Sabzevar، Iran. The sample included 385 patients who were sampled through multi-stage stratified sampling. Each of the three hospitals was selected for a 12-week period، three days per week، two patients form two wards; finally 428 patients were evaluated. Data were collected through tables of admission criteria and appropriate admission of the patients as well as the hospital records. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square and Fisher''s exact test. Results: Mean staying in hospitals was 3.23 days but 11.4% of the admissions were inappropriate; orthopedic ward (29.1%) had the highest and gynecological ward (zero) the lowest rate. Undue admission of men (13.9%) was higher than that of women (9.7%); the highest rate of undue admissions was associated with the age range of 41-60. Appropriate admission due to surgery or other invasive procedures (48.8%) had the highest frequency. In the three hospitals evaluated، 0.2% of the admissions were undue، and 99.8% appropriate. Conclusion: The rate of undue admissions is higher than appropriate ones، and the rate undue admissions in the orthopedic ward were the highest and in the gynecological ward the lowest.