Physiology & Pharmacology
Zohreh Tavasoli; Narges Hosseinmardi; Mahyar Janahmadi; Mehdi Golpayegani; Farhad Salari; Delaram Jafarzadeh
Volume 24, Issue 1 , March and April 2017, , Pages 71-77
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Considering the role of glial cells in synaptic transmission, regulation of neurotransmitter concentration in synaptic cleft, K+ buffering, and releasing the gliotransmitters, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of glial cells inhibition on the progression ...
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Background & Objectives: Considering the role of glial cells in synaptic transmission, regulation of neurotransmitter concentration in synaptic cleft, K+ buffering, and releasing the gliotransmitters, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of glial cells inhibition on the progression of seizures induced by chemical kindling in rats. Materials & Methods: In chemical kindling, animals received Pentylenetetrazol, 35 mg/kg each 48 hours, intraperitoneally and five different stages of seizure were appeared gradually and seizure parameters including maximum seizure stage (SS), stage 4 latency (S4L), stage 4&5 duration (S5D), and seizure duration (SD) were measured during 20 min after PTZ injection. Then seizure parameters were evaluated in animals treated with intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of Fluorocitrate (as a glial cells inhibitor), injected 30 min before PTZ, and compared with PTZ treated animals. Results: Results showed that glial cells inhibition with ICV injection of Fluorocitrate decreased SS, S5D, and SD and increased S4L significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). Conclusion: On the basis of obtained results, it may be concluded that glial cells inhibition reduces spreading rate of epileptiform activity in the nervous system, and the duration of neuronal hyperexcitability and, also, prevents the progression of seizure to final stages.
Amir Shabanlo; mina Khorshidi; Abdolmotaleb Seid Mohammadi
Volume 24, Issue 6 , March and April 2018, , Pages 81-93
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The Azo dyes due to presence of aromatic rings in structure are considered major problems into the environment. In this experimental study, the synergistic effect of persulfate and nano zero-valent iron in degradation of Acid Blue 113 in presence of ultrasonic irradiation ...
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Background & Objectives: The Azo dyes due to presence of aromatic rings in structure are considered major problems into the environment. In this experimental study, the synergistic effect of persulfate and nano zero-valent iron in degradation of Acid Blue 113 in presence of ultrasonic irradiation was investigated.
Materials and Methods: The effect of operating parameter such as initial pH, different concentration of S2O82-, nZVI and initial dye using a batch ultrasound reactor at 40 kHz frequency was investigated. After the optimize process, synergistic dye degradation and COD reduction of colored solution was studied. For characterization of the prepared nZVI particle, transmission electron microscope (TEM) image was used.
Results: To remove 99% dye with initial concentration of 50 mg/L, the optimal condition in the end of 30 min of reaction was pH 3, concentration of S2O82- and nZVI 5 mM and 50 mg/L, respectively. In the same of condition with increasing pH to 11 the dye removal efficiency decreased to 17%, respectively. After 120 min of reaction in the optimal condition, the COD reduction was 95%. Synergistic dye degradation in US/S2O82-/Fe0 process was observed 59%. The TEM image of the synthesized nZVI confirmed the nanoscale Creation.
Conclusion: The US/S2O82-/Fe0 combined process due to high synergistic degradation, can be promising process to industrial wastewater treatment.
fahimeh hasannezhad; Maryam Salami; Sorayya Ziaei
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 83-91
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the students' satisfaction from interaction with the academic librarians city of Sabzevar and the factors influencing it, is conducted in 1394. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and practical, and the survey is conducted. Data collection is Student ...
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Objective: This study aimed to examine the students' satisfaction from interaction with the academic librarians city of Sabzevar and the factors influencing it, is conducted in 1394. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and practical, and the survey is conducted. Data collection is Student satisfaction questionnaire to interact with librarians and librarians communication skills questionnaire. The sample size was calculated using a cochran formula 419 people, Ancient samples stratified random sampling were selected from among all the students of Sabzevar. The data was analyzed by SPSS and minitab through descriptive and inferential statistics . Results: Students interact with librarians are satisfied. The results also indicate that the communication skills of librarians and student satisfaction and there is a significant correlation. Between different universities there are significant differences in their satisfaction, That satisfaction rate is higher than others in the University of Medical Sciences. There is a significant difference between students in different grades of satisfaction so that undergraduates are less satisfied than others. The most important factors influencing satisfaction of the students are also references, gestures, with an awareness of the presence of others, avoiding the use of certain words, active listening, eye contact, use of open questions, comments and proposals, dealing with Gay librarian with themselves, to avoid premature diagnosis, the unsatisfactory to interact, tone of voice and emotions are set
Microbiology
Zahra Keyvanlou; Abdul Hamid Shoushtari
Volume 27, Issue 1 , May and June 2020, , Pages 83-92
Abstract
The H9N2 influenza virus is of great importance due to the wide range of hosts due to gene rearrangement, which facilitates the possibility across of the Inter-species barrier. This study demonstrates useful information on the homogeneity of the H9N2 strain of avian influenza virus in Iran with other ...
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The H9N2 influenza virus is of great importance due to the wide range of hosts due to gene rearrangement, which facilitates the possibility across of the Inter-species barrier. This study demonstrates useful information on the homogeneity of the H9N2 strain of avian influenza virus in Iran with other influenza viruses in Pakistani and Israeli birds for years to come, which emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance of the influenza virus genes and the evolution of strains of the strains in the region. The present study was conducted on the 10 isolates NS gene sequence of the H9N2 influenza virus strain from 2007-2016. After amplification by RT-PCR and genome extraction, the genes were completely Sequencing (it was carried out with the same primer used for gene amplification) and then phylogenetic analysis. All of these 10 isolates were included in allele A under the Korean lineage with amino acid motif KSEI in the PDZ ligand, which shows the similarity of Pakistani virus genes to C of Iran. H9N2 viruses are not highly pathogenic, But by transferring to mammalian species like humans, they cause mild illness .These viruses, in addition to connecting to poultry receptors, have the ability to connect to receptors similar to human type strains with changes in amino acids.
Ashkan Abdoli; Reza Shokohi; Abdolmotalleb SeydMohammadi; Qorban Asgari
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May and June 2016, , Pages 84-94
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Antibiotics can cause negative impacts on animals and bacterial resistance by entering to the environment. Catalytic ozonation process is a method for increasing the efficiency of the simple ozonation. This study evaluated the efficiency of catalytic ozonation process with ...
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Background & Objectives: Antibiotics can cause negative impacts on animals and bacterial resistance by entering to the environment. Catalytic ozonation process is a method for increasing the efficiency of the simple ozonation. This study evaluated the efficiency of catalytic ozonation process with activated carbon modified with MgO to remove metronidazole from aqueous solutions in a fluidized bed reactor. Materials & Methods: Catalytic ozonation experiments were performed in a fluidized bed reactor. Impact of pH, reaction time, catalyst dosage, initial concentration, radical scavengers and hydroxyl radicals was found. The degradation kinetic of metronidazole was determined as well as FTIR spectra of the catalysts. The concentration change of metronidazole was determined by HPLC. Results: The results showed that the catalyst prepared increases metronidazole decomposition rate as high as 7.32 times, compared to conventional ozonation. The optimum pH of 10, the optimal dose of 1.5 g/L of catalyst and the optimum time of 30 min were determined. The results of radical scavengers’ effect showed the main reactions of metronidazole decomposition are on the catalyst surface. Conclusions: The results showed that, due to the high performance activated carbon coated with MgO in catalytic ozonation process, increased removal of metronidazole, compared with simple ozonation, and easy access to raw materials, the use of these catalysts in ozonation process are recommended to increase efficiency and accelerate the metronidazole decomposition reaction and similar compounds.
Physical Education
Abbas Salhikia; Mohammad Parastesh
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 89-97
Abstract
Background: The aim of present study was to investigate effects of endurance training on surfactant protein-D in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study، thirty-six adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 200±48gr, randomly ...
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Background: The aim of present study was to investigate effects of endurance training on surfactant protein-D in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study، thirty-six adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 200±48gr, randomly assigned in to four groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic endurance training and healthy endurance training. For induction of diabetes, intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide solution (120 mg/kg) and STZ solution (65 mg/kg) was used. The endurance training protocol was performed for 8-week and Twenty-four hours after the last training session blood serum samples were examined for evaluating reproductive hormones. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s Post Hoc test at 0.05%. Results: Endurance training caused a significant decrease in blood glucose in the endurance diabetic training group compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.000). Serum Protein-D Surfactant (SPD) serum levels in the diabetic control group significantly decreased (P=0.001) and the insulin resistance index (P=0.000) was significantly lower than healthy controls. 8 weeks of endurance training significantly increased in SPD (P=0.041) in endurance diabetic training group compared to diabetic control group. Also, exercise significantly decreased insulin resistance index (P=0.000) and insulin (P=0.029) in endurance diabetic training group compared to diabetic control group.Conclusion: It seems that Endurance training by increasing the levels of serum SPD improve insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic mice.Keywords: Streptozotocin–nicotinamide, Surfactant protein-D, Insulin, Training.
Physiology & Pharmacology
Shahram Kamali; Sohrab Boozarpour; Madjid Momeni-Moghaddam
Volume 28, Issue 1 , January and February 2021, , Pages 93-98
Abstract
Creating wounds from simple to advanced and from acute to chronic is one of the problems that mankind has faced for a long time. Over the past half century, with the discovery of antibiotics, human ability to manage wounds has improved much more than before, but antibiotic resistance has become a serious ...
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Creating wounds from simple to advanced and from acute to chronic is one of the problems that mankind has faced for a long time. Over the past half century, with the discovery of antibiotics, human ability to manage wounds has improved much more than before, but antibiotic resistance has become a serious problem in recent decades, especially for chronic wounds, and therefore different therapeutic approaches are needed. Larval therapy is an old method that requires molecular cellular research and recognition and confirmation of its function can lead to the development of new drugs. In this study, the larvae of Lucilia sericata were first prepared and extracted, and then the extract was affected on fibroblast cells and molecular cellular studies were performed. The results indicate that TNF-α gene expression was 8 times higher in the control sample. The expression of SMAD-2 gene was 6 times higher in the control sample than in the control sample. TGF-β gene expression in the treated sample was 4 times that of the control sample. Given the additive effect on fibroblast growth and molecular confirmation of the above genes, it is suggested that this extract has the potential to heal wounds.
Psychology
ahmad mahmoodi; Maryam Mashayekh; Fatemeh Zam; Mahdi Shahnazari; Javid Peymani
Volume 29, Issue 1 , May and June 2022, , Pages 115-130
Abstract
Background: A hearing-impaired child often has communication problems and Communication problems can lead to social and behavioral problems therefore the purpose of the present study is Survey the effectiveness of group play therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach on anxiety and self-esteem of deaf ...
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Background: A hearing-impaired child often has communication problems and Communication problems can lead to social and behavioral problems therefore the purpose of the present study is Survey the effectiveness of group play therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach on anxiety and self-esteem of deaf students.Materials & Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, post-test design and control group. The statistical population of this study included all elementary deaf students in Alborz province in 1398-99. The number of students was 45, of which 30 students were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Spence children anxiety scale and Cooper Smith self-esteem inventory were used to collect data.results: The Findings show that the level of anxiety in deaf children in the experimental group and after performing play therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach has decreased compared to the control group (p <0.05). Also, the findings indicate that the self-esteem of deaf children in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test had a significant increase at the level of 0.05.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, group play therapy is an effective way to reduce anxiety and increase and strengthen the self-esteem of deaf students. It seems necessary to holding group play therapy sessions in special schools for the deaf.
Psychology
Sahar Ehsani; Reza Rostami; Fatemeh Dehghani Arani; Javad Hatami; asadollah rajab
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 212-218
Abstract
AbstractBackground and aim: spatial memory is one of the cognitive abilities that plays an important role in our daily life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of disease diabetes type 1 on spatial memory, taking into account the role of modulation rumination in adolescents.Materials ...
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AbstractBackground and aim: spatial memory is one of the cognitive abilities that plays an important role in our daily life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of disease diabetes type 1 on spatial memory, taking into account the role of modulation rumination in adolescents.Materials and Methods: A sample of 80 people (40 healthy and 40 patients) were selected through a sampling method. After collecting the rumination questionnaire, subjects were tested by assignment test of Curci blocks for spatial memory assessment. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed using SPSS software using multiple covariance analysis.Results: The effect of diabetes and rumination on spatial memory was not significant (P = 0.001); there was no significant difference between the interactions of rumination and type 1 diabetes.Conclusion: Disease diabetes mellitus did not affect spatial memory. Also, high rumination did not interfere with spatial memory function.
immunology & Biochemistry
hassan Ramshini
Volume 28, Issue 2 , May and June 2021, , Pages 232-241
Abstract
Introduction: The accumulation of amyloid aggregates in the brain are associated with numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Several nanoparticles (NP) have been using for treatment of neurological disease. Metal nanoparticles can be modified through the construction of bimetallic architectures consisting ...
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Introduction: The accumulation of amyloid aggregates in the brain are associated with numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Several nanoparticles (NP) have been using for treatment of neurological disease. Metal nanoparticles can be modified through the construction of bimetallic architectures consisting of two distinct metals that their properties can be dramatically different from those of the corresponding single-component particles. At the present study, we evaluated the effect of the bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles on hen lysozyme amyloid aggregation as a model protein for amyloid formation . Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, to induce amyloid formation, Acidic pH and high temperatures were used. Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was dissolved at 2 mg/mL in 50mM glycine buffer (pH 2.5), and then incubated at 57 °C for the specified durations. The inhibitory effect of the nanoparticles against HEWL fibrillation using and ThT (thioflavin T), Congo red and MTT assay was investigated . Results: ThT assay showed that the particles are able to inhibit HEWL aggregation in a pattern of inverse dose-dependent inhibition and with the best inhibitory concentration 0.01 µg/ml. Kinetic study of showed that the particles caused lag phase do not change but stationary phase decreased and also cytotoxic activity of HEWL aggregates in presence of Au/Ag nanoparticleswas significantly diminished (P˂0.05) . Conclusions: We anticipate that based on obtained insights in design of new bimetallic nanoparticles, rationally design of effective NP-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases may be a feasible perspective .
immunology & Biochemistry
Maryam Khalesi
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 251-258
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Physical activity and exercise along with nutrition and hygiene, are major factors in prevention of diseases. Due to increase in pulmonary disease prevalence in recent decades and the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the purpose of this study was to ...
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AbstractBackground: Physical activity and exercise along with nutrition and hygiene, are major factors in prevention of diseases. Due to increase in pulmonary disease prevalence in recent decades and the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a period swimming exercise on Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) genes expression in lung tissue of wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty wistar rats with the weight of 102 ± 23 g randomly divided into two groups: exercise (n=10) and control (n=10). The exercise protocol included three months of swimming exercise (5 times per week) which begun from 25 minutes in the first week (4 liters per minute) and reached to 60 minutes (10 liters per minute) in the final week. Real time- PCR method was used to assess the genes expression of Sirt1 and FoxO3a in lung tissue. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality and Independent t test was used to compare the group (α
Nursing
Masoumeh Askari; parvaneh asgari; fatemeh bahramnezhad; soroor sohrabi
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July and August 2019, , Pages 255-262
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Emotional communication between mother and infant is necessary from birth. Most primigravidity women say that they need to know, understand, and support to care of their infants. So the current study aimed to evaluate the effects of an empowerment program on the mother infant ...
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Background and Objectives: Emotional communication between mother and infant is necessary from birth. Most primigravidity women say that they need to know, understand, and support to care of their infants. So the current study aimed to evaluate the effects of an empowerment program on the mother infant attachment in primigravidity women.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in the women ward of Imam Sajjad Hospital and Sohrab Alibackshi center in Shahriar city in 2016. In total, 80 mothers participated. The mothers were selected through convenience method and randomly divided into 2 groups control and intervention. An empowerment educational program was implemented for the mothers in the experimental group, while the mothers in the control group only received the routine care of the study setting. Then, the first day of birth of the infants in the hospital, using maternal attachment questionnaire to the infant, observed and recorded the mother's attachment behaviors during lactation. Data analysis was performed through conducting the t-test, Fishers exact test and Chi-square. And was used SPSS version 16. The rate (p
Health and environment
Seyed Ali Mazhari; Faezeh Haghighi
Volume 24, Issue 4 , July and August 2017, , Pages 281-291
Abstract
Background: Agricultural soils irrigation by urban sewage is a key factor to increase soil pollution and environmental risks. Heavy metals are one of the most important sewage pollutants which may produce different diseases.
Methods: The specified locations were selected for surface soil sampling to ...
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Background: Agricultural soils irrigation by urban sewage is a key factor to increase soil pollution and environmental risks. Heavy metals are one of the most important sewage pollutants which may produce different diseases.
Methods: The specified locations were selected for surface soil sampling to investigate the effect of sewage irrigation on the soil and vegetation (parsley) composition in the south of Sabzevar area. The heavy metals concentration and trace elements composition of whole samples were determined by ICP-MS. The heavy metals bioavailability was measures by DTPA method. The heavy metals concentration in DTPA extracted solution and parsley samples were defined by FAAS method.
Results: Ni and Cr concentrations in the non-polluted soils are more than standard limits. These high concentrations have been generated by enriched parental materials. In addition to Ni and Cr, polluted soils have potential environmental risk because of high concentration of Ag, Cd, Co and Zn. The DTPA results showed that non-polluted soils, unlike polluted soils, have low bioavailability. The vegetables cultivated on the polluted soils have several times higher heavy metal concentrations than non-polluted samples. These vegetations show higher Cr bioavailable value than FAO/WHO standard.
Conclusion: Heavy metal concentration has been increased by long time sewage irrigation in the southern Sabzevar soils. These heavy metals are environmentally harmful. Nickel content of vegetables cultivated on polluted soils have high HRI (>1) index which indicates high health risk for consumers.
Azam Asgari; Saeed Semnanian; Nafiseh Atapour; Amir Shojaee; Vahid Sheybani; Seyyed Javad Mirnajafi Zadeh
Volume 23, Issue 2 , March and April 2016, , Pages 290-303
Abstract
Background and purpose: Low frequency stimulation (LFS) has anticonvulsant effect. However, its mechanism of action has not been completely determined. In the present study the effect of LFS on evoked inhibitory post synaptic GABAergic currents (eIPSC) is investigated in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the ...
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Background and purpose: Low frequency stimulation (LFS) has anticonvulsant effect. However, its mechanism of action has not been completely determined. In the present study the effect of LFS on evoked inhibitory post synaptic GABAergic currents (eIPSC) is investigated in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus in kindled rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study animals were kindled through electrical stimulation of amygdala. 24 hours following fully kindling achievement in 20 Wistar rats, the effect of LFS on eIPSCs was assessed in hippocampal slices. Results: Obtained results showed that application of LFS at 200 pulses and at the intensity of 1.5 threshold, increased the amplitude and decay time constant of eIPSCs in both control and kindled rats. When 200 pulses of LFS were administered with an intensity equal to threshold, only eIPSC amplitude was increased in both control and kindled groups significantly (P<0.001). Comparing the effectiveness of LFS on control and kindled groups showed that 200 pulses of LFS at the intensity of 1.5 threshold had higher effect in control than kindled group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Results of the present study showed that LFS application increased eIPSCs parameters in a pulse number and intensity dependent manner. This increment can be considered as a possible anticonvulsant mechanism of LFS.
Gyneocology
Mohadse Adeli; maryam aradmehr
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 343-351
Abstract
Background: Skin to skin contact in the first hours after birth, the mother and the baby is ready to establish a harmonized model for bilateral interaction. Few studies have been undertaken Kangaroo contact for term infants and assessing mother behaviors after birth. The aim of this study was to compare ...
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Background: Skin to skin contact in the first hours after birth, the mother and the baby is ready to establish a harmonized model for bilateral interaction. Few studies have been undertaken Kangaroo contact for term infants and assessing mother behaviors after birth. The aim of this study was to compare of mother and newborns abdominal skin to skin and Kangaroo skin contact on mothers attachment behaviors.Methods: This single-blind clinical trial was accomplished on 68 qualified pregnant women, in Torbat Heydariyeh in 1394.women were randomly divided into two groups Experimental(Kangaroo skin contact)and control(abdominal skin contact).The attachment behaviors were been recorded at the first hour of visit of mother and infant for 15 minutes. Every minute divided into two 30 second that researcher observed the behaviors of mother in the first 30 second and recorded behaviors in 30 second during 15 minutes. After encoding the data, were analyzed with SPSS software version 20, Mann-Whitney tests, t, chi-square and kruskalwallis.0/05>p was considered significant. Results: Among emotional, proximity and caring behaviors for one hour after delivery in both groups, only proximity behaviors were significantly different (p=0.049).Two groups had not significant difference in mothers attachment behaviors in the first hours (p=0.134) after delivery. Conclusions: The effect of Kangaroo skin contact on maternal attachment behaviors was similar to abdominal skin contact and in the comparison of abdominal skin contact had positive effects on proximity behavior.
Psychology
Mozhgan Lotfi; Yoosef Azami; Shiva Danaei; Mahdi Amini
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September and October 2019, , Pages 355-363
Abstract
Background: Self-efficacy is one of the personal resources that plays an important role in social assessment and coping resources. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional inhibition and fear of social evaluation with self-efficacy in men and women.Materials ...
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Background: Self-efficacy is one of the personal resources that plays an important role in social assessment and coping resources. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional inhibition and fear of social evaluation with self-efficacy in men and women.Materials and Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The study population included all women and men in the 6th district of Tehran in 2017. Via convenient sampling method two-hundred people (100 women and 100 men) were selected. To collect the data, Roger & Nesshoever, emotion control Questionnaire, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNES-B), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-17) were used. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test by SPSS-20.Results: The results showed that there is no significant relationship between emotional inhibition and self-efficacy in two gender. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between the fear of negative evaluation of others and self-efficacy in men (-0.54), women (-0.43) and total (-49.4). The results of t-test indicated that there was no significant difference between the two sexes in the variables of emotional inhibition and fear of evaluation of others and the difference in self-efficacy in men and women.Conclusion: Based on the results, one of the variables that affect the self-efficacy of fear is the negative evaluation of others and the amount of self-efficacy varies according to gender and is higher in men than in women due to educational and cultural factors.
Mahnaz Khatiban; Gholamabbas Chehardoli; Tavakol Heydari Shayeste
Volume 24, Issue 5 , September and October 2018, , Pages 359-366
Abstract
Background: The quiz is one of the most commonly formative evaluations to attaining the educational goals. This study aimed to compare the academic members’ and students’ perspectives about the formative evaluation by quiz and provide feedback to improve learning at Hamadan University of ...
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Background: The quiz is one of the most commonly formative evaluations to attaining the educational goals. This study aimed to compare the academic members’ and students’ perspectives about the formative evaluation by quiz and provide feedback to improve learning at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this survey, 27 teachers and 180 students were included by convenience sampling. In order to achieve specific goals, a self-report questionnaire was developed according to the literature. The questionnaire contained three parts: a- demographic characteristic (7 items) for both students and teachers, b- 25 items to determine the participants views about the quiz characteristics as how to organize (9 items), holding time (4 questions), feedback (6 questions), better strategies to organize (4 questions), and c- 18 questions on a Likert scale to determine their attitude. Content and face validity of the instrument were approved by the faculty members and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85. Data collected were analyzed by 16-Spss software.Results: This study showed that the view of teachers and students were similar in the most items, however, in some cases, significant differences were obtained. The mean scores of the attitudes indicated the positive attitudes of teachers and students, the Mann-Whitney test (with P=0.59) did not show significant differences between two groups. Conclusion: In attention to the research findings on the quiz characteristics and particularly the participants’ positive attitudes to quiz, it can be said that the quiz should be considered as a simple and economic formative evaluation in medical education.
nutrition
Maryam Arjmandi; Mohsen Ebrahimi
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 386-391
Abstract
Introduction: Some evidence suggests that orange juice has a fatburning effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of orange juice consumption on fat oxidation during exercise. Materials and Methods: Eight overweight young girls (age 24.50 ± 6.25 years, height 162.50 ...
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Introduction: Some evidence suggests that orange juice has a fatburning effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of orange juice consumption on fat oxidation during exercise. Materials and Methods: Eight overweight young girls (age 24.50 ± 6.25 years, height 162.50 ± 8.19 Cm, weight 73.93 ± 6.23 kg, BMI 28.01 ± 0.89 kg / m2, body fat percentage 37.83 ± 2.91 %), performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill in two separated sessions. Subjects consumed 500 ml water or orange juice one hour before exercise tests. The amount of fat and carbohydrate oxidation measured using the indirect calorimetric during exercise. MFO and Fatmax, were determined. Results: The paired sample t-test showed that there is no significant difference between the water and orange juice in MFO (P = 0.12) and FATmax (p = 0.83). Conclusion: It seems that the use of orange juice one hour before exercise did not significantly alter fat oxidation in overweight young girls.
Health and environment
tahereh zarei mahmoudabadi; Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush; parvaneh talebi
Volume 28, Issue 3 , May and June 2021, , Pages 397-405
Abstract
Introduction: The production of high wastewater is one of the problems of recycling paper industry, it is essential to provide appropriate economic and environmental solutions for proper management and treatment. So in this research, the purpose was of optimization the treatment of wastewater products ...
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Introduction: The production of high wastewater is one of the problems of recycling paper industry, it is essential to provide appropriate economic and environmental solutions for proper management and treatment. So in this research, the purpose was of optimization the treatment of wastewater products from the paper recycling industry with using magnesium chloride in combination with cationic and anionic polyacrylamides.
Materials and Methods: This was an applied researchwhich was done on a laboratory scale. The different pH (4-12) values at a fixed concentration of magnesium chloride to determine the optimum pH was investigated. Then optimization of concentration for magnesium chloride (200-700 mg/L) and polyacrylamides (0.5-3 mg/L) was performed. At each stage of optimization, the parameters of TSS and COD were measured. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for analysis of data and significance level was 0.05.
Results: According to the results, pH=10 as optimal pH and concentrations of 500 and 1.5 mg / L were selected as optimal concentrations for magnesium chloride and cationic polyacrylamide, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of removing TSS and COD was 96% and 83.07%, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed that magnesium chloride combined with cationic polyacrylamide, can be used as an appropriate option for wastewater treatment of paper recycling industries.
Fatemeh Rostami Golmohammadi; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Maryam Goudarzian; Saeed Asefzadeh; Sattar Mehraban
Volume 23, Issue 3 , July and August 2016, , Pages 444-457
Abstract
Background Given the scarcity of resources in the areas of health, the efficient use of these resources is very important. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of rural health centers of Ghazvin province in the period of 2006-2010.Materials & Methods This is a descriptive-analytical ...
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Background Given the scarcity of resources in the areas of health, the efficient use of these resources is very important. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of rural health centers of Ghazvin province in the period of 2006-2010.Materials & Methods This is a descriptive-analytical study, in which all rural health centers in Qazvin Province, 43 centers, were included. Independent variables were the number of physicians, health experts, technicians, and community health workers, and the dependent variables were percentages of screening for congenital hypothyroidism, percentages of iron supplementation in the first guidance school students, number of visits of public procurements and food distribution centers, number of general practitioner’s visit, and number of specialist referral by the general physician. In this study, input-oriented model and variable returns to scale (VRS) assumption were used. Also, time trend of efficiency was estimated with a regression model. Data envelopment analysis (DEA)-solver and Stata software were used to measure efficiency and estimate regression models, respectively.Results The mean technical efficiencies during 2006 to 2010 were 0.77, 0.77, 0.78, 0.92, and 0.89, respectively. Also, the average scale efficiencies in these years were 0.98, 0.95, 0.95, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively. Average score of managerial efficiency increased from 0.78 to 0.92 during this period. The results of time trend showed that β-coefficient for average score of efficiency was 0.039 and statistically significant (P=0.03). Conclusion The mean levels of efficiency and health outcomes have been improved in these years but some of resources are still wasted. It seems that some practices such as ongoing evaluation of performance, improving the quality and quantity of services, and programing for optimal use of inputs, can be particularly useful.
Physical Education
Ladan Hosseini Abrishami; Seyed Mahmud Hejazi; Amir Rashdlamir; Rambod Khajei
Volume 26, Issue 4 , November and December 2019, , Pages 495-504
Abstract
IntroductionEvidence showed that adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of continuous and periodic aerobic exercise on the serum level of C-reactive protein and some ...
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IntroductionEvidence showed that adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of continuous and periodic aerobic exercise on the serum level of C-reactive protein and some adhesive molecules in men with heart failure. Materials and MethodsIn this study, 42 middle-aged men with heart failure were purposeful and randomly divided into three equal groups(14 subjects): continuous aerobic exercise, periodic aerobic exercise and control groups. Continuous training(45-70% of Maximum Heart Rate) and periodic exercise (45-80% of MHR with 5-10 minutes rest between each period) were done for 8 weeks(three days a week). Before and after exercise, blood samples were taken from three groups, ELISA method was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS (20 version) at a significant level of P≤0.05. ResultsAfter eight weeks of training, the level of C-reactive protein, adhesion molecule -1 and vascular adhesion molecule -1 had a significant decrease in the two training groups(P ≤ 0.05). but no significant difference was observed in the control group. There was a significant difference between the levels of hs-CRP(P = 0.023) and VCAM-1(P = 0.0001) in all three groups, but there was not a significant difference in ICAM-1 level(P = 0.17).ConclusionAerobic exercise by decreasing the levels of hs-CRP and VCAM-1 may play an important role in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease in men with heart failure.
Nursing
Vajihe Jafari; Mohammad Bodaghabadi; Mohammad Bidkhori; Mostafa Rad
Abstract
Introduction: Daily activities and social functions of the elderly are affected with the progress of their cognitive changes. The purpose of this study was to determine the cognitive status and factors related to it in the elderly of Sabzevar city.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical ...
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Introduction: Daily activities and social functions of the elderly are affected with the progress of their cognitive changes. The purpose of this study was to determine the cognitive status and factors related to it in the elderly of Sabzevar city.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Sabzevar city in 2022. In this research, 350 elderlies over 60 years in a cluster method were entered to study from urban health centers. To collect information, demographic, geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) and Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used. Data analysis were done using descriptive statistic (mean, standard deviation, and frequency distribution tables) and inferential statistic (multiple logistic regression test).Results: The mean of the age was 66.85±6.64 with a minimum 60 and a maximum age of 88 year. The results showed that 75% of the elderly had normal cognitive status and 25% had cognitive impairment. By using the multiple logistic regression, age (OR = 1.07, p = 0.003), marital status (OR = 3.01, p = 0.03), number of children (OR = 1.24, p = 0.02) type of residence (OR=4.09, p>0.001), occupation (OR=3.09, p=0.04), body mass index (OR=0.9, p=0.006)), diet (OR = 5.55, p = 0.01) and depression (OR = 2.92, p = 0.03) had a statistically significant relationship with cognitive status.Conclusion: Due to the frequency of cognitive disorders in the elderly it is suggested that health care providers perform cognitive screening in the elderly in order to prevent the development of cognitive impairment in this vulnerable group.
Psychology
Mansoureh Bazaz; Fahimeh Dehghani; Saeid Vaziri Yazdi
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 555-561
Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Postpartum depression is one of the important psychological problems of the mother during pregnancy and afterwards. The purpose of this study was to determine postpartum depression based on spouse intimacy and general self-efficacy in the first birth.Material and Method: It was ...
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Introduction and Aims: Postpartum depression is one of the important psychological problems of the mother during pregnancy and afterwards. The purpose of this study was to determine postpartum depression based on spouse intimacy and general self-efficacy in the first birth.Material and Method: It was a cross- sectional study. The statistical population consists of all women who had the first birth experience in the city of Yazd. With multistage cluster random sampling method, 200 women selected and were tested by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Sherer Self-Efficacy Scale (SES) and Walker and Thompson Intimacy Scale. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation, Independent samples t-test, Analysis of Variance and Multivariate Regression analysis. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between age and education with postpartum depression (p0.05). The main hypothesis of the study was that the spouse intimacy, self-efficacy and age were predicted postpartum depression in the first birth (p
Educational
Mostafa Rad; mojtaba rad
Volume 27, Issue 4 , November and December 2020, , Pages 578-584
Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety affects learning. It causes of many physical, and psychological problems. No qualitative study was seen in this matter.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explain the students' experiences about the test anxiety and the anxious factors associated to the teacher.
Materials ...
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Introduction: Anxiety affects learning. It causes of many physical, and psychological problems. No qualitative study was seen in this matter.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explain the students' experiences about the test anxiety and the anxious factors associated to the teacher.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative content analysis study, which was conducted in 2016. Participants were 25 students from Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences who had at least two semesters of study and participated in the final exam. The sampling method was initially goal oriented. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview with a presence in the field. Data analysis was carried out using conventional content analysis.
Results: 5 main categories and 14 sub-categories explored that main categories including the consequences and complication of test anxiety, teacher's teaching and evaluation strategy, teacher - student interaction strategy, the supportive role of teacher at the exam session, and learning self-management and control of anxiety were extracted from the data.
Conclusion: Using methods such as relaxation and resorting, the more recognition of teachers, the use of young faculty members from the experience of skilful teachers, the use of new educational methods, identifying sufficient references and asking questions from the same references, teacher’s attending in test session from the first to the end of the exam, and distributing the grade score during the term, are of the factors that can reduce student anxiety.
Psychology
seyed vali kazemi Rezaei; keyvan kakabraee
Volume 28, Issue 4 , September and October 2021, , Pages 581-595
Abstract
Introduction: Considering the results of various studies on the role of emotional experiences in cardiovascular disease, it seems that emotional regulation can be an important factor in the occurrence or exacerbation of these diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional ...
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Introduction: Considering the results of various studies on the role of emotional experiences in cardiovascular disease, it seems that emotional regulation can be an important factor in the occurrence or exacerbation of these diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional regulation training on reappraisal and suppression the emotional experiences of cardiovascular patients. Materials and Methods: The present study is a semi-experimental project with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study included all cardiovascular patients in Kermanshah in 2018, of which 30 were selected as participants by available sampling method and were randomly selected in two groups of experiments and controls (15 people in each group). The emotion regulation intervention for the experimental group was performed in 8 sessions of ninety minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. An emotional adjustment questionnaire (ERQ) was used to collect information. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results: Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the experimental and control groups (P <0.05); this means that emotion regulation training increased the reappraisal strategy and reduced the suppression strategy of the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that emotion regulation training can serve as an effective intervention by increasing the reappraisal strategy and reducing the suppression strategy of emotional experiences to improve cardiovascular disease.