Epidemiology and Statistics
Ammar Salehisahlabadi; hossein jadid
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 487-494
Abstract
Background and objective:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease which is created by the accumulation of fat in the liver. Several studies have reported the prevalence of fatty liver in Iran, with different results. Our goal is to estimate the Overall prevalence ...
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Background and objective:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease which is created by the accumulation of fat in the liver. Several studies have reported the prevalence of fatty liver in Iran, with different results. Our goal is to estimate the Overall prevalence of fatty liver in Iranian children and adolescents.Materials and methods:We searched the national and international databases (PubMed ,Science Direct ,Scopus ,Web of Science),) Magiran,Iran Medex , and Scientific Information Database) With keyword " prevalence ", "Nonalcoholic fatty liver", "fatty liver", "children", "adolescents" and "Iran" from the years 1998-2017. The variance of each study was calculated by the binomial distribution formula. We used a random effect model to combine the prevalence rates reported in the studies. The STATA software (version 12) was used to analyze the data.Results: Eight studies were identified with of a total of 6118 subjects. The pooled prevalence of NAFLD in both population (male and female) was 27.88% (95%CI: 18.7% to 37.02%) .In both populations there was marked heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99.3%). There was evidence that prevalence was generally higher in males compared with females .Conclusion:Our review suggests the prevalence of NAFLD in children and adolescent is high, particularly in those who are obese and in males.
Fatemeh Farzanpoor; mohammad hasan rabiee; mojtaba Fattahi
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 251-258
Abstract
Background: Considering the necessity of hospital infection control because of the long recovery time and increasing the mortality of patients as well as the lack of accurate reports and statistics of some hospitals, the prevalence of nosocomial infections and associated factors were examined in Vasei ...
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Background: Considering the necessity of hospital infection control because of the long recovery time and increasing the mortality of patients as well as the lack of accurate reports and statistics of some hospitals, the prevalence of nosocomial infections and associated factors were examined in Vasei Hospital of Sabzevar during the years of 2009-2013. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical research. Of 89429 patients admitted during the years of 2009-2013, 1046 cases of patients with nosocomial infections in Vasei Hospital of Sabzevar were studied using SPSS version 22 and chi-square test.Results: According to the result of this study, the prevalence of nosocomial infections in all wards of the hospital was 1.2 percent (1046 patients), and the prevalence of nosocomial infections based on the type of infection in hospitalized patients was infections of urinary tract, 0.4% (367 patients), respiratory, 0.5 % (468 patients), anemia, 0.1 % (52 patients), and surgical wounds, 0.3% (277 persons). The most common nosocomial infection was related to the respiratory infections, which is 44 percent of all infections cases. A significant relationship between age, sex and type of infection was not observed. The most common isolated microorganism was coagulase-negative Staphylococci.Conclusion: With accepted prevalence and compare to other studies, the prevalence of nosocomial infections has been reported less than the standard. The results of our research encourage us to standardize the hospital infection reports reported by hospitals as well as solve available problems.
Ameneh Mansouri; Mojgan Mirghafourvand; Sakineh Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi; Farzaneh Khodabandeh
Abstract
Backgrounds Muscle cramp is a local, tangible, and involuntary spasm that usually involves the calf skeletal muscle; it is also one of the most common symptoms, particularly in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The current study aimed at determining the prevalence of leg cramps in the 3rd trimester of ...
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Backgrounds Muscle cramp is a local, tangible, and involuntary spasm that usually involves the calf skeletal muscle; it is also one of the most common symptoms, particularly in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The current study aimed at determining the prevalence of leg cramps in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and its relationship with nutritional behavior and consumption of supplements.Methods & Materials The current cross sectional study was conducted on 439 pregnant females referred to Tabriz health care centers, Iran, from 2013 to 2014; the subjects were randomly selected from all pregnant females referred to the health care centers. Data were collected by a 4-part questionnaire including sociodemographic, obstetric characteristics, nutritional behavior of sub-health promotion lifestyle questionnaire (HPLP-2), and information about the features of leg cramps. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics including independent t, Pearson correlation, and Chi-square tests.Results According to the results of the current study, 57.9% of the participants developed leg cramps in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the cramp numbers per week was 6.0±178.17, length of leg cramps 40.2±178.1 minutes, and severity of leg cramps 6.0±2.6. There was no significant correlation between the characteristics of leg cramps in pregnancy including number, length, severity, mean score of nutritional behavior, and consumption of supplements.Conclusion Leg cramp is a common side effect in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. It is the best to perform clinical trials to prevent and treat leg cramps during pregnancy.
Mehdi Ranjbaran; Mina Chizari; Pegah Matori Pour
Volume 22, Special Issue , March and April 2016, , Pages 1117-1125
Abstract
Background: Sexual dysfunction in women is common and is one of the factors of divorce and disintegration in families. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in Iran using a descriptive meta-analysis study. Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis study, ...
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Background: Sexual dysfunction in women is common and is one of the factors of divorce and disintegration in families. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in Iran using a descriptive meta-analysis study. Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis study, the databases of ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and interior databases were searched during 2001 to 2015. Between the studies with regard to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were selected. Heterogeneity assessed by Cochran’s Q statistic and I2 index. Cause of heterogeneity was evaluated using meta-regression model. Results: Total samples size in the 11 studies were 8248. Cochran’s Q statistic and I2 index revealed observable heterogeneity between studies (Q=552.70, P-value 2= 98.4). Overall prevalence of female sexual dysfunction based on the random effect model (Inverse Variance Method) was obtained 43.9% (95% CI: 35.0 – 52.8). Prevalence of desire, arousal, lubricating, orgasmic, satisfaction and pain disorders were 42.7 % (32.0-53.4), 38.5% (27.6-49.5), 30.6% (22.0-39.2), 29.2% (24.1-34.3), 21.6% (11.5-31.8) and 40.1% (31.8-48.3), respectively. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed a comprehensive view about female sexual function in Iran. However, compared with other developing countries, Iran has a favorable situation. Considering the high prevalence of female sexual dysfunction, more epidemiological research for detection of affecting factors, intervention and preventive actions seem essential.
Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini; Tovhid Jafari Kashki; Masoud Amini; Elham Faghih Imani
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, , Pages 368-376
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which its subsequent complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, ulcers, disability, and amputation increase the burden of the disease. Patient-knowledge-improving programs are employed to prevent disease progression and to improve the patients’ ...
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which its subsequent complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, ulcers, disability, and amputation increase the burden of the disease. Patient-knowledge-improving programs are employed to prevent disease progression and to improve the patients’ quality of life. In this way, we need to characterize the groups of patients with urgent need for more and rich in content programs. In the present study, we used Piecewise regression to evaluate the trends in diabetic nephropathy prevalence among patients registered in Sedigheh-Tahereh Research Center and also identify patients needing more attention.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1935 registered patients in the center during 1992-2010.Piecewise regression was fitted using Joinpoint program 3.5.3 to identify change points.
Results: The results showed an upward trend with 2 change points in females (p-value= 0.06). There was 1 change point with an increased trend in recent years in elderly patients, older than 70 years (p-value=0.038).The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was in rise without any change point among patients with academic education. In addition, patients with family history of diabetes showed the decreased trend with 2 change points (p-value= 0.040). Hypertensive patients experienced a fall in the trend up to 1997 and then this reminded stable.
Conclusion: Evaluating of a disease trend and its complications can lead to developing new theory and innovation. However, this is suggested to conduct further studies to exploring other subgroups and discovering the reasons for increased trend of disease in some subgroups.
Fatemeh Tabtabee; Fatemeh Maleki; Zahra Abareh Dory Tafreshi; Narges Shahmohammadi; Majid Pirestani
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 885-893
Abstract
Background and purpose:Microsporidia infections occurvirtually in all in vertebrate and vertebrate hosts,in cluding humans. The this study is aimed atcomparison of distribution of microsporidiosis in various samples of Iranian immunocompromised patients and healthy individuals by molecular methods. ...
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Background and purpose:Microsporidia infections occurvirtually in all in vertebrate and vertebrate hosts,in cluding humans. The this study is aimed atcomparison of distribution of microsporidiosis in various samples of Iranian immunocompromised patients and healthy individuals by molecular methods.
Materials and Methods: Inthiscase - control study, 258stool, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and urine sampleswere obtained fromimmunocompromisedpatients (bone marrowtransplant, kidney transplant and respiratory complications) referred to Masih Daneshvari and Shariati Hospitalduring 2010-2011.
After recording clinical data, DNA extraction was performed on all samples. To identifyhuman related microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon spp. And Enterocytozoon spp.), polymerase chain reactionwas performedusingspecific primers andmultiplex-PCR on allsamples.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of microsporidiosis in immunocompromised patients were 4.3 and 3.9 percent in cases and control group, respectively.Incidence of microsporidiosis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (5 isolates from 70 samples) was 7.1%, in patients with respiratory complications (4 isolates from 150 samples) 2.7 percent and patients undergoing renal transplantation (2 isolates from 38 samples) 5.3 percent. In the case group, most cases of infection occurred among men at the age of40-60 years. In bronchoalveolar lavage samples 3 isolates of Encephalitozoon (2%) and one isolate of Entrocytozoon (0.7%), were identified, respectively. In cancer patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation 4 isolates of Encephalitozoon (5.7%), 1 isolate of Enterocytozoon (1.4%) and in patients with renal transplants 2 isolates of Enterocytozoon (5.3%)were detected. 4 isolates of Enterocytozoon (2.2%) and 3 isolates of Encephalitozoon (1.7%) were identified in the control group that most infections occurred among menat the age of30-45years.
Conclusion:The most cases of human microsporidiosis are associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection or other states of immunosuppression, particularly in organ transplant recipients; The obtained results confirm this claim.
Enayatollah Bakhshi; Ahmad Delbari; Maliheh Sabour; Ahmad Ali akbari kamrani; Hamidreza Yavari; Robab Sahhaf
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March and April 2013, , Pages 42-50
Abstract
Background: To identify the prevalence of polypharmacy (concurrent use of 5 or more medications) and the most frequent medications and medication groups used by the elderly residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation (KCF). Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 237 elderly ...
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Background: To identify the prevalence of polypharmacy (concurrent use of 5 or more medications) and the most frequent medications and medication groups used by the elderly residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation (KCF). Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 237 elderly residents of KCF (134 female), aged 60 or more, who have been taking care since the spring of 2010. A randomized cluster sampling was done. Polypharmacy was defined as concurrent use of 5 or more medications, prescribed or non-prescribed, excluding locally effective and "PRN" drugs. Classification of medication groups was based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) system. The SPSS software was applied for descriptive analysis.
Results: Mean number of drugs used for any resident was 5.10(±3.22). Prevalence of polypharmacy was 52.3%. The most frequent used medications among attendants were Calcium-Vit.D, Nitrocantin (Glyceryl Trinitrate), and Atenolol, and in polypharmacy group were Calcium-Vit.D, Nitrocantin, and Aspirin. The most frequent medication groups used by both, the attendants and polypharmacy groups, were Cardiovascular drugs, Nervous system drugs, and Alimentary/Metabolism drugs.
Results: The mean number of drugs used for any resident and prevalence of polypharmacy was high among the elderly residents of KCF. Conclusion: More pharmaco-epidemiological studies should be conducted to assess drug use status in Iranian elderly people, specially nursing homes residents, and guidelines should be presented for decreasing the incidence and prevalence of polypharmacy in this population.
Arash Akaberi; Reza Hekmatshoar; Majid Fallahi; Seyyed Mehdi Razavi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 395-399
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are highly one of the most important occupational health issues in the world, now days. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study among 333 mothers' home working carried out. We used modified Nordic questionnaire and information gathered by trained persons. ...
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Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are highly one of the most important occupational health issues in the world, now days. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study among 333 mothers' home working carried out. We used modified Nordic questionnaire and information gathered by trained persons. Results: The commonest musculoskeletal disorders were from the low back (49.5%), Resulted showed that between low back , knuckle pain and BMI (P=0.008), between pain and use of stair (p=0.004) were significant relationship. Conclusion: between musculoskeletal disorders and use of devices in the homes were significant relationship.
AA BOLOURIAN; E SHIRZADEH
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September and October 2007, , Pages 179-184
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Pinguecula causes cosmetic effects and induces pterygium in some cases. Burning, irritation, lacrimation and foreign body sensation, occasional significant astigmatism and decreased vision are among the major symptoms of pterygium. As most findings in this regard are hospital-based, ...
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Background and Purpose: Pinguecula causes cosmetic effects and induces pterygium in some cases. Burning, irritation, lacrimation and foreign body sensation, occasional significant astigmatism and decreased vision are among the major symptoms of pterygium. As most findings in this regard are hospital-based, the present population- based study was conducted to study the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and the effect of population variables in the rural population of sabzevar, Iran.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive epidemiologic study was conducted cross- sectionally and the population was rural residents in sabzevar, Iran. Cluster sampling was used for random sampling from 40 villages amounting to 2508 subjects.
The study was conducted in 2002-2004. The subjects were interviewed and fully examined. Diagnoses were made clinically.
The relationships between population variables and the two disorders were evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed using chi- square, t- test and logistic regression.
Results: Mean age of 1014 men (40.5%) and 1494 women (59.5%) participating in the study were 27.84± 22.07 and 26.90± 19.05 years respectively. Of 2508 subjects, 396 cases of pterygium and pinguecula were diagnosed with an overall prevalence of 15.8%; 187 men (18.44%) and 209 women (14%). Its prevalence was higher in men than in women. Its distribution as asymmetric, i.e. OD: OS ratio = 0.64. Also, its prevalence across different jobs rendered the following results for farmers, workers and housewives: 39.5; 33.3 and 23 respectively:
Conclusion: The overal prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula in rural population of Sabzevar is 15.7%, which may be attributed to population variables and risk factors, geographical location, climatic conditions, racial and familial factors.
E SHIRZADEH; AA BOLOURIAN
Volume 14, Issue 1 , March and April 2007, , Pages 38-43
Abstract
Background and purpose: Cataract is the lens opacity which brings about vision disorders and is generally divided into four types: congenital, traumatic, secondary and age-related. It is commonly a disease of middle-age and geriatric age and the main factor in low vision and blindness throughout the ...
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Background and purpose: Cataract is the lens opacity which brings about vision disorders and is generally divided into four types: congenital, traumatic, secondary and age-related. It is commonly a disease of middle-age and geriatric age and the main factor in low vision and blindness throughout the world. This study is intended to survey the prevalence of cataract in the rural population of Sabzevar in Iran.
Methods and Materials: This research is a cross-sectional epidemiological descriptive study. 40 villages were selected through cluster sampling and the statistical population included all rural residents in 2002-2004 (1381-1383). 2805 subjects (with the age range of 11 days to 92 years old) participated in the primary screening which consisted of tests of visual acuity, red reflex, retinoscopy and the examination of anterior segment via torch or ophthalmoscope. Subjects with visual disorders or defected red reflex were referred to ophthalmologist for complete examinations.
Results: Mean age for 1014 male (40.5%) and 1494 female (59.5%) were 27.84±22.07 and 27.90±19.05 years respectively.
The overall prevalence of cataract was 6% (confidence interval 95%). Its prevalence in men and women were 7.8% and 4.8% respectively.
Conclusion: Regarding the limited number of similar epidemiological studies in Iran, further studies can be helpful in estimating the magnitude of cataract and visual disorders due to cataract in the rural population since estimating the magnitude of this controllable disease can be of considerable personal, social and economical advantages.
F BAKOUEI; S BAKOUEI
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September and October 2006, , Pages 152-157
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Urinary Incontinence is a common complication during pregnancy which affects 30% to 60% of women. In some women the problem persists after delivery. on average, 10% to 40% of women are affected by postpartum urinary Incontinence, which not only affects their living condition but ...
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Background and Purpose: Urinary Incontinence is a common complication during pregnancy which affects 30% to 60% of women. In some women the problem persists after delivery. on average, 10% to 40% of women are affected by postpartum urinary Incontinence, which not only affects their living condition but also imposes upon them extremely high treatment costs. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of postpartum urinary in continence and factors predisposing it.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytical study included 165 women who had been admitted to selected Health Centers in Babol. Iran within 4 months after their Labor. Continuous random sampling led to the inclusion of 165 qualified subjects whose data were gathered through questionnaires. Chi- square and t- test were used in data analysis.
Results: In this study, the prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence was 19.4% and 12.2% reported urgent urinary incontinence, 7.2% reported symptoms of stress urinary incontinence and 3% reported symptoms of both types. Significant relationships were found between postpartum urinary incontinence and factors such as the number of gravidity and parity (P