Physiology & Pharmacology
Bahram Farhadi Moghaddam; Masoud Fereidoni
Volume 28, Issue 1 , January and February 2021, , Pages 116-122
Abstract
Introduction: Many investigations revealed that the inflammatory process induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion causes brain damages and cognitive impairments. On the other hand, Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is one of the important vitamin K2 types that has anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, in this study, ...
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Introduction: Many investigations revealed that the inflammatory process induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion causes brain damages and cognitive impairments. On the other hand, Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is one of the important vitamin K2 types that has anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of administration of MK-4 on the level of gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines following global ischemia/reperfusion in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this research, 20 adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly selected in 5 experimental groups and studied: control (intact), sham (surgery without carotid artery occlusion), ischemia/reperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion + intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DMSO as MK-4 solvent, treatment (ischemia/reperfusion + i.p. injection of MK-4). For induction ischemic model, common carotid occlusion was performed for 20 minutes. In the treatment group i.p. injection of 200 mg/kg MK-4 was done 20 minutes after obstruction (immediately and 2 hours after reperfusion). 24 hours after reperfusion, mRNA expression level of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were assessed. Results: I.p. administration of MK-4 could significantly decrease mRNA expression level of TNF-α (p < 1.15), IL-1β and IL-6 (p < 0.001) induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that MK-4 administration following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion could diminish the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and maybe cause neuroprotective effects. Received.
Physiology & Pharmacology
Masoumeh habibian; Saied Amirnia Shobi; Emamali Zakeri Khatir
Volume 28, Issue 1 , January and February 2021, , Pages 134-142
Abstract
Introduction: Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk for several metabolic and cardiovascular complications, and is now considered as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to invistigate of the effect 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise on the Tumor necrosis ...
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Introduction: Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk for several metabolic and cardiovascular complications, and is now considered as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to invistigate of the effect 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise on the Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and lipid profile in obese girls. Materials and Methods: This semi experimental research, 14 obese girls (mean age 9.9±1.18 year) whose body mass index was 95% or greater were selected and assigned randomly to two equal groups as follow: exercise and control groups. Aerobic exercise was consisted of exercise movements at 50% to 70% maximal heart rate and 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 48 hour after the last intervention. The serum levels of TNF-α, triglycerides, total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t tests. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Eight weeks of aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in TNF-α, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and an increase in HDL-C levels (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the percent changes of these variabls in exercise training group were significantly greater (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise as a non-medical therapeutic intervention for obese children can leads to reduced cardiovascular and metabolic diseases risk factors by improving lipid profiles and a reducse in systemic inflammation. Received
Physical Education
fateme falah; farhad rahmani nia; ramin shabani; zahra Hojati Zidashti
Volume 27, Issue 5 , November and December 2020, , Pages 674-682
Abstract
Introduction: In aged women, elevated levels of some proinflammatory markers are risk factors for the development of diseases. The present study investigated the effect of 12-week walking at two different intensities on inflammatory factors in elderly woman.
Materials and Methods: Thirty untrained elderly ...
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Introduction: In aged women, elevated levels of some proinflammatory markers are risk factors for the development of diseases. The present study investigated the effect of 12-week walking at two different intensities on inflammatory factors in elderly woman.
Materials and Methods: Thirty untrained elderly women (60—75 years) randomly divided into three groups. Moderate tempo walking group (MTWG, n=11), Brisk walking group (BWG, n=10), and the control group (CG, n=9). The MTWG, walked at 50—55% maximum heart rate reserve (HRRmax) and the BWG walked at %70-75 HRRmax. Both walking groups trained 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week, starting from 30 to 60 minutes and the CG remained untrained. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), body composition, leukocyte counts (WBC) and plasma levels of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were measured before and after the study period. To analyze the data, oneway analysis of variance, Scheffe test and dependent t-test was used (P≤0.05).
Results: VO2max, increased significantly in BWG. Body weights, percent body fat (p =0.000), body mass index (p = 0.003) significantly decreased, and percent muscle (p = 0.000) increased in both exercise groups. Percent visceral fat (p = 0.028) significantly decreased in BWG. Also, BWG showed a significant reduction in WBC counts compared to baseline levels (p = 0.004). There were no significant differences in the plasma levels of TNF-α between the groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that regular walking program can affect body composition in elderly women, however, it may not be effective in reducing systemic inflammatory markers.